Гигантский слалом
Giant Slalom (GS) - это конкурентная дисциплина с сноубордом альпийских лыжных и альпийских сноубордов . Он включает в себя гонки между наборами полюсов («ворота»), расположенных на большем расстоянии друг от друга, чем в слаломе , но меньше, чем в супер-G .
Гигантский слалом и слалом составляют технические мероприятия в альпийских лыжных гонках. Эта категория отделяет их от скоростных событий Super-G и спуска . Технические мероприятия обычно состоит из двух пробежек, проводимых на разных курсах на одном и том же лыжном забеге.
Курс
[ редактировать ]Вертикальное падение для курса GS должно составлять 250–450 м (820–1,480 футов) для мужчин и 250–400 м (820–1,310 футов) для женщин. Количество ворот в этом мероприятии составляет 56–70 для мужчин и 46–58 для женщин. Количество изменений направления в курсе GS равняется 11–15% от вертикального падения курса в метрах, 13–18% для детей. Например, курс с вертикальной падением на 300 м (984 фута) будет иметь 33–45 изменений в направлении для взрослой гонки. [ 1 ]
Скорость
[ редактировать ]
in a GS race
Although giant slalom is not the fastest event in skiing, on average a well-trained racer may reach average speeds of 80 km/h (50 mph).[citation needed]
Equipment
[edit]
bottom: slalom skis.
Giant slalom skis are shorter than super-G and downhill skis, and longer than slalom skis.
In an attempt to increase safety for the 2003–04 season, the International Ski Federation (FIS) increased the minimum sidecut radius for giant slalom skis to 21 m (69 ft) and for the first time imposed minimum ski lengths for GS: 185 cm (72.8 in) for men and 180 cm (70.9 in) for women. A maximum stand height (the distance from the snow to the sole of the boot) of 55 mm (2.17 in) was also established for all disciplines.
In May 2006, the FIS announced further changes to the rules governing equipment. Beginning with the 2007–08 season, the minimum radius for GS skis was increased to 27 m (89 ft) for men and 23 m (75 ft) for women. Additionally, the minimum ski width at the waist was increased from 60 to 65 mm (2.36 to 2.56 in), and the maximum stand height for all disciplines was reduced to 50 mm (1.97 in).[1] The best skiers tended to use a bigger sidecut radius, like Ted Ligety at 29 m (95 ft), and Lindsey Vonn at 27 m (89 ft).
For the 2012–13 season, the FIS increased the sidecut radius to 35 m (115 ft) and the minimal length to 195 cm (76.8 in). Many athletes criticized this decision. Often David Dodge was cited. Dodge argues that FIS used studies which do not represent a scientific proof. He states that it is well known that if one tips the ski 7° more the 35 m ski will have the same turning radius as the 28 m ski. He states as well that knee injuries are decreasing since the 1990s, when carving skis started to be used.[2][3][4][5][6]
History
[edit]The first giant slalom was set in 1935 on the Mottarone in Italy, over Lake Maggiore, near Stresa, on January 20.[7] After one month, the second giant slalom was set on the Marmolada in Italy's Dolomite mountains, by Guenther Langes.[8]
The giant slalom was added to the world championships in 1950 at Aspen, Colorado, and debuted at the Winter Olympics in 1952 at Oslo, Norway, run at Norefjell. The GS has been run in every world championships and Olympics since. Originally a one-run event, a second run was added for men at the world championships in 1966, run on consecutive days, and at the Olympics in 1968. The second run for women was added at the world championships in 1978, and made its Olympic debut in 1980.
The world championships changed to a one-day format for the giant slalom in 1974, but the Olympics continued the GS as a two-day event through 1980. Also scheduled for two days in 1984, both giant slaloms became one-day events after repeated postponements of the downhills. Following the extra races added to the program in 1988, the GS has been scheduled as a one-day event at the Olympics.
Upon its introduction, giant slalom briefly displaced the combined event at the world championships; it was absent in 1950 and 1952. The combined returned in 1954 in Åre, Sweden, but as a "paper race," using the results of the three events (downhill, giant slalom, and slalom), a format used through 1980. The combined returned as a stand-alone event at the world championships in 1982 at Schladming, Austria, and at the 1988 Calgary Olympics. It was changed to the super-combined format (one run of slalom on same day as downhill) at the world championships in 2007 and the Olympics in 2010.
Men's World Cup podiums
[edit]In the following table men's giant slalom World Cup podiums from the World Cup first edition in 1967.[9]
Men's most podiums in World Cup
[edit]Racers with the most World Cup podiums in giant slalom.[10]
| # | Skier | Total | Last |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Ingemar Stenmark |
72 | 19-02-1989 |
| 2 |  Marcel Hirscher |
59 | 24-02-2019 |
| 3 |  Michael von Grünigen |
46 | 15-03-2003 |
| 4 |  Ted Ligety |
41 | 28-01-2018 |
| 5 |  Alexis Pinturault |
41 | 12-03-2023 |
| 6 | Benjamin Raich |
35 | 01-03-2015 |
| 7 | Marco Odermatt |
35 | 02-03-2024 |
| 8 |  Henrik Kristoffersen |
32 | 24-02-2024 |
| 9 |  Alberto Tomba |
31 | 06-01-1998 |
| 10 | Hermann Maier |
28 | 23-10-2005 |
| 11 | Phil Mahre |
26 | 05-03-1984 |
| 12 | Gustav Thöni |
26 | 02-01-1977 |
| 13 |  Marc Girardelli |
26 | 27-03-1993 |
| 14 | Massimiliano Blardone |
25 | 13-02-2016 |
| 15 | Bode Miller |
21 | 08-12-2013 |
- Still active
- Totals through 02 March 2024
Women's World Cup podiums
[edit]In the following table women's giant slalom World Cup podiums from the World Cup first edition in 1967.
See also
[edit]- List of Olympic medalists in men's giant slalom
- List of Olympic medalists in women's giant slalom
- List of Paralympic medalists in men's giant slalom
- List of Paralympic medalists in women's giant slalom
- List of World Champions in giant slalom
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b "The International Ski Competition Rules" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-03-25. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ Ted Ligety, Skiing's Most Outspoken Critic, Is Still the Best in the World, bleacher report, 2012-10-28.
- ^ A Letter To FIS, David Dodge, 2011.
- ^ "More FIS regulation talk | Warner Nickerson". warnernickerson.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
- ^ Update on Injury Trends in Alpine Skiing, Johnson, Etlinger, Shealy, Update on Injury Trends in Alpine Skiing, 2009
- ^ Unfälle und Verletzungen im alpinen Skisport Archived 2011-11-25 at the Wayback Machine, David Schulz, Auswertungsstelle für Skiunfälle, Stiftung Sicherheit im Skisport, 2011.
- ^ Francesco Vida. La storia dello sci in Italia.
- ^ Allen, John (2010-01-31). "First Giant Slalom". Skiing Heritage. International Skiing History Assoc. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "Winter Sports Chart - Alpine Skiing". wintersport-charts.info. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
- ^ "GIANT SLALOM - COMPETITORS HAVING MORE THAN ONE PODIUM". fis-ski.com. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Giant slalom skiing at Wikimedia Commons
Skiing and snowboarding | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nordic skiing |
| ||||||
| Alpine skiing |
| ||||||
| Other skiing | |||||||
| Фристайл лыж | |||||||
| Сноуборд | |||||||
| Техника / обучение | |||||||
| Оборудование | |||||||
| Курортные удобства |
| ||||||
| Базы данных управления авторитетом : национальный |
|---|
