Список дирижаблей Schütte-Lanz

Большинство самолетов Schütte-Lanz были сделаны из фанеры, а не алюминиевого сплава. Несмотря на это, Schütte-Lanz представила много дизайнерских инноваций, которые вскоре были приняты конкурентом Zeppelin. Это пример поздней войны - вероятно, SL22 1918 года.

Schütte-Lanz (SL) Авиабилеты представляли собой серию жестких динамиков, разработанных и построенных компанией Luftschiffbau Schütte-Lanz с 1909 по 1917 год. ^{[ 1 ]} Одно исследование и четыре пассажира были запланированы для послевоенного использования, но никогда не были построены. Компания Schütte-Lanz была ранним конкурентом более известных динамиков, построенных Фердинандом фон Зеппелина . ^{[ 2 ]} Обычно все жесткие динамики не неофициально называются Zeppelins независимо от их производителя, а самолеты Schütte-Lanz часто называют таковыми, но название Zeppelin технически применяется только к тем, которые производятся компанией Zeppelin .

История

Когда Zeppelin LZ 4 столкнулся с катастрофой в Echterdingen в 1908 году, профессор Иоганн Шютт (1873–1940) начал рассматривать проблемы дизайна дирижабля. Он решил с сотрудничеством своих учеников разработать свой собственный научно спроектированный, высокопроизводительный дирижабль. В партнерстве с доктором Карлом Ланц , промышленным и производителем изделий из древесины, он начал строить Schütte-Lanz Luftschiffbau 22 апреля 1909 года. Сначала дирижаблы были успешными и внедрили ряд очень успешных инноваций. ^{[ 3 ]}

Wood composites had a theoretical superiority as the structural material for airships up to a certain size, after which the superior strength of aluminum (and later duralumin) in tension was more important than the superior strength of wood in compression. Schütte-Lanz airships until 1918 were made of wood and plywood glued together. Moisture tended to degrade the integrity of the glued joints. Schütte-Lanz airships became structurally unsound when water entered the airship's imperfectly waterproofed envelope. This tended to happen during wet weather, but also, more insidiously, in defective or damaged hangars.^{[citation needed]} In the words of Führer der Luftschiffe Peter Strasser:

Most of the Schütte-Lanz ships are not usable under combat conditions, especially those operated by the Navy, because their wooden construction cannot cope with the damp conditions inseparable from maritime service...^[3]

The decision was made to compensate the company for the unusable wooden ships, and in response the company started work on a tubular aluminum-framed ship which was probably not completed.^{[citation needed]}

The German Navy had bases closer to the sea, and thus more humid. They were reluctant to accept wooden composite craft. As a result, the primary customer for Schütte-Lanz airships was the German Army. The German Army decided well before the German Navy that airship operations were futile in the face of land-based heavier-than-air opposition.

Twenty-four Schütte-Lanz airships were designed before the end of the World War I, most of which the company was not paid for due to the collapse of the German Monarchy. By the time the last eight ships were ready, most of them could not be operated due to the loss of trained crews.

In the postwar period, Lanz designed a series of very large airships for trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific passenger operations, as well as submitting a proposal for the US Navy’s rigid airships ZRS-4 and ZRS-5. However, none of these were ever realized.^[3]

Data from: Zeppelin:rigid airships 1893-1940^[4]

SL.I (Type A)

The Schütte-Lanz airship SL.I was the first of 20 airships built by the company. Construction was carried out in a large hangar at Rheinau near Mannheim. The ship was powered by four 125 hp (127 PS; 93 kW) Daimler-Benz engines installed in two ventral gondolas. A distinctive feature of the Schütte-Lanz ships was that the frame was constructed from special plywood which was (supposedly) waterproofed and protected from frost. The SL.I was constructed with a diamond lattice frame and had a highly streamlined shape, allowing it to achieve a record speed of 38.3 km/h (23.8 mph; 20.7 kn). The structure of the SL.I resembles the later "geodesic" structures of Barnes Wallis at Vickers or Buckminster Fuller's domes. It was only matched at the time by the structure of the MacMeecham airship, designed and partially built in England in the first years of World War I. Fifty-three experimental flights were made between October 1911 and December 1912, the longest of over 16 hours. The ship was handed over to the German Army on 12 December 1912 but destroyed soon afterwards when it broke loose from its temporary mooring during a storm.

First Flight: 1 October 1911
Length: 131 m (430 ft)
Diameter: 18.4 m (60 ft)
Gas Capacity:19,000 m³ (670,000 cu ft)
Performance: 38.3 km/h (23.8 mph; 20.7 kn)
Payload: 4.5 t (4,500 kg; 9,900 lb)
Engines: 2x Daimler J8L 8-cyl in-line engines: 500 hp (510 PS; 370 kW) total

SL.II (Type B)

The Schütte-Lanz airship S.L.2 surpassed the contemporary Zeppelin airships in performance. It adopted the Zeppelin ring-girder construction method, but retained the streamlined shape and plywood construction of the SL.I. The SL.2 was also the most significant airship to date in that it laid down two vital design innovations that were copied in almost all subsequent rigid airships. The first was the cruciform tail plane, with a single pair of rudders and elevators. The second was the location of the engines in separate streamlined gondolas or cars. A third innovation, for war service, was the mounting of heavy machine guns for defense against attacking aircraft in each of the engine cars. SL.2 was built between January and May 1914 and transferred to Austrian military control as the SL.II. It carried out six missions in the first year of the war over Poland and France. After being enlarged in summer 1915, several more missions were carried out before SL.2 was stranded at Luckenwalde on 10 January 1916 after running out of fuel and decommissioned. The SL.2 demonstrated the Schütte-Lanz wood girder's advantage in compression as opposed to tension allowed the Schütte-Lanz type of airship to be technically superior until a certain size had been reached.

First Flight: 28 February 1914
Length: 144 m (472 ft) (156 m (512 ft) after rebuild)
Diameter: 18.2 m (60 ft) (18.2 m (60 ft) after rebuild)
Gas Capacity: 25,000 m³ (880,000 cu ft) (27,500 m³ (970,000 cu ft) after rebuild)
Performance: 88.2 km/h (54.8 mph; 47.6 kn) (89.3 km/h (55.5 mph; 48.2 kn) after rebuild)
Payload: 8 tonnes 10.4 t (10,400 kg; 23,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach C-X 6-cyl in-line engines:720 hp (730 PS; 540 kW) total (840 hp (850 PS; 630 kW) total after rebuild)

SL.3 (Type C)

Naval airship based at Seddin which flew 30 reconnaissance missions and one bombing mission over England. The highlight of SL.3's career was its attack on the British submarine E4 on 24 September 1915. The structure of the ship degraded because of atmospheric exposure and the ship was stranded near Riga on 1 May 1916.

First Flight: 4 February 1915
Length: 153.1 m (502 ft)
Diameter: 19.75 m (65 ft)
Gas Capacity: 32,390 m³ (1,144,000 cu ft)
Performance: 84.6 km/h (52.6 mph; 45.7 kn)
Payload: 13.2 t (13,200 kg; 29,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach C-X 6-cyl in-line engines: 840 hp (850 PS; 630 kW) total

SL.4 (Type C)

Naval airship based at Seddin. SL.4 flew 21 reconnaissance missions and two bombing raids against enemy harbours on the Eastern front. It was destroyed on 14 December 1915 after its hangar collapsed due to snow accumulation on the roof.

First Flight: 2 May 1915
Length: 153.1 m (502 ft)
Diameter: 19.75 m (65 ft)
Gas Capacity: 32,470 m³ (1,147,000 cu ft)
Performance: 85 km/h (53 mph; 46 kn)
Payload: 13.4 t (13,400 kg; 30,000 lb)
Engines:4x Maybach C-X 6-cyl in-line engines:840 hp (850 PS; 630 kW) total

SL.5 (Type C)

SL.5 was an army airship, based at Darmstadt. The structure was damaged during the first flight, but repaired after several months work. During its second flight the ship was forced down by bad weather at Giessen and stricken from service on 5 July 1915

First Flight: 4 February 1915
Length: 153.1 m (502 ft)
Diameter: 19.75 m (65 ft)
Gas Capacity: 32,470 m³ (1,147,000 cu ft)
Performance:83.2 km/h (51.7 mph; 44.9 kn)
Payload: 14.3 t (14,300 kg; 32,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach C-X 6-cyl in-line engines:840 hp (850 PS; 630 kW) total

SL.6 (Type 'd')

Naval airship based at Seddin. Flew six reconnaissance missions, but exploded due to unknown causes with the loss of all hands while taking off on 10 November 1915.

First Flight: 9 October 1915
Length: 162.1 m (532 ft)
Diameter: 19.75 m (65 ft)
Gas Capacity:35,130 m³ (1,241,000 cu ft)
Performance: 92.9 km/h (57.7 mph; 50.2 kn)
Payload: 15.8 t (15,800 kg; 35,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach C-X 6-cyl in-line engines:840 hp (850 PS; 630 kW) total

SL.7 (Type D)

Army airship based at Königsberg. Carried out three reconnaissance missions and three bombing raids before suffering structural failure. Repaired and possibly enlarged before being decommissioned 6 March 1917 when the army terminated airship operations.

First Flight: 3 September 1915
Length: 162.1 m (532 ft)
Diameter: 19.75 m (65 ft)
Gas Capacity:35,130 m³ (1,241,000 cu ft)
Performance: 92.9 km/h (57.7 mph; 50.2 kn)
Payload: 15.6 t (15,600 kg; 34,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach C-X 6-cyl in-line engines:840 hp (850 PS; 630 kW) total

SL.8 (Type E)

Naval airship based at Seddin. Carried out 34 reconnaissance missions and three bombing raids, carrying 4,000 kg of bombs each mission. Held the record for the greatest number of combat missions of any Schütte-Lanz airship. Decommissioned due to age 20 November 1917.

First Flight: 30 March 1916
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,780 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance:96.8 km/h (60.1 mph; 52.3 kn)
Payload: 18.7 t (18,700 kg; 41,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines:960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.9 (Type E)

Naval airship based at Seddin. Carried out 13 reconnaissance missions and four bombing raids carrying 4,230 kg (9,330 lb) of bombs each mission. Crashed in the Baltic Sea, possibly after lightning strike on 30 March 1917.

First Flight: 30 March 1916
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,780 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance:92.9 km/h (57.7 mph; 50.2 kn)
Payload: 19.8 t (19,800 kg; 44,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines:960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.10 (Type E)

Army airship based at Yambol, Bulgaria. Carried out a 16-hour reconnaissance mission. Disappeared during a subsequent attack on Sevastopol, possibly due to bad weather 28 July 1916.

First Flight: 30 March 1916
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,800 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance: 90 km/h (56 mph; 49 kn)
Payload: 21.5 t (21,500 kg; 47,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines:960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.11 (Type E)

Army airship based at Spich. Commanded by Hauptmann Wilhelm Schramm. The first German airship to be shot down over Britain; it was attacked over Hertfordshire by Lt. W.L. Robinson in a BE.2C with incendiary ammunition on 3 September 1916. It crashed at Cuffley, having bombed St Albans. The crew were buried at Potters Bar Cemetery: and in 1962 they were re-interred at Cannock Chase German war cemetery.^[5]

First Flight: 1 August 1916
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,780 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance: 91.8 km/h (57.0 mph; 49.6 kn)
Payload: 21 t (21,000 kg; 46,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines:960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.12 (Type E)

Navy airship based at Ahlhorn. Obsolete in design before completion, this airship only flew reconnaissance missions. Badly damaged after hitting gas-holder near hangar and stricken 28 December 1916

First Flight: 9 November 1916
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,780 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance: 86.4 km/h (53.7 mph; 46.7 kn)
Payload: 21 t (21,000 kg; 46,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines:960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.13 (Type E)

Army airship based at Leipzig. Considered unfit for combat duty and used for training only. Badly damaged when hangar collapsed because of heavy snow and stricken 8 February 1917.

First Flight: 29 October 1916
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,780 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance: 90 km/h (56 mph; 49 kn)
Payload: 20.5 t (20,500 kg; 45,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines:960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.14 (Type E)

Navy airship based at Seerappen and Wainoden. Carried out two reconnaissance missions and two bombing raids. A later attack on Riga was abandoned because of engine failure. Rebuilt February 1917 but later damaged before finally being scrapped on 18 May 1917.

First Flight: 16 May 1916
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,800 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance: 93.6 km/h (58.2 mph; 50.5 kn)
Payload: 20.5 t (20,500 kg; 45,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines:960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.15 (Type E)

Army airship based at Mannheim. No active service. Decommissioned August 1917.

First Flight: 4 November 1916
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,780 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance: 95.4 km/h (59.3 mph; 51.5 kn)
Payload: 21.5 t (21,500 kg; 47,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines:960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.16 (Type E)

Intended for the Army, this ship was never officially commissioned and was laid up at Spich. Scrapped August 1917.

First Flight:18 January 1917
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,800 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance: 95.4 km/h (59.3 mph; 51.5 kn)
Payload: 21.5 t (21,500 kg; 47,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines:960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.17 (Type E)

Intended for the Army, this ship was never officially commissioned and was laid up at Allenstein. Scrapped August 1917.

First Flight: 19 April 1917
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,780 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance: 95.4 km/h (59.3 mph; 51.5 kn)
Payload: 21.5 t (21,500 kg; 47,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines: 960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.18 (Type E)

Construction completed at Leipzig base, but ship destroyed by hangar collapse on 8 February 1917.

First Flight: N/A
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,800 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance: N/A
Payload: 21.5 t (21,500 kg; 47,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines: 960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.19 (Type E)

Never built due to lack of space at Leipzig base, due to hangar collapse on 8 February 1917.

First Flight: N/A
Length: 174 m (571 ft)
Diameter: 20.1 m (66 ft)
Gas Capacity: 38,800 m³ (1,370,000 cu ft)
Performance: N/A
Payload:21.5 t (21,500 kg; 47,000 lb)
Engines: 4x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines: 960 hp (970 PS; 720 kW) total

SL.20 (Type F)

Navy ship based at Ahlhorn. Burnt in huge hangar explosion and fire with four zeppelin airships on 5 January 1918 after only two missions.

First Flight: 9 September 1917
Length: 198.3 m (651 ft)
Diameter: 22.96 m (75 ft)
Gas Capacity: 56,000 m³ (2,000,000 cu ft)
Performance: 102.6 km/h (63.8 mph; 55.4 kn)
Payload: 35.5 t (35,500 kg; 78,000 lb)
Engines: 5x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines: 1,200 hp (1,200 PS; 890 kW) total

SL.21 (Type F)

Intended for Army but never officially commissioned. Based at Zeesen and used for static testing. Decommissioned February 1918.

First Flight: 26 November 1917
Length: 198.3 m (651 ft)
Diameter: 22.96 m (75 ft)
Gas Capacity: 56,350 m³ (1,990,000 cu ft)
Performance: 102.6 km/h (63.8 mph; 55.4 kn)
Payload:36 t (36,000 kg; 79,000 lb)
Engines: 5x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines: 1,200 hp (1,200 PS; 890 kW) total^[6]

SL.22 (Type F)

Intended for Navy but refused acceptance on grounds of insufficient payload. Based at Gegen and scrapped June 1920.

First Flight: 5 June 1918
Length: 198.3 m (651 ft)
Diameter: 22.96 m (75 ft)
Gas Capacity: 56,350 m³ (1,990,000 cu ft)
Performance: 95.4 km/h (59.3 mph; 51.5 kn)
Payload: 37.5 t (37,500 kg; 83,000 lb)
Engines: 5x Maybach HS-Lu 6-cyl in-line engines: 1,200 hp (1,200 PS; 890 kW) total

SL.23 (Type G)

Never commissioned. First Schütte-Lanz ship with tubular aluminum frame. May have been complete at war's end but no further details are known.

First Flight: N/A
Length: 202 m (663 ft)
Diameter: 25.4 m (83 ft)
Gas Capacity: 68,800 m³ (2,430,000 cu ft)
Производительность: 122,4 км/ч (76,1 миль в час; 66,1 кН)
Полезная нагрузка: 46 т (46 000 кг; 101 000 фунтов)
Двигатели: 8x Maybach HS-Lu 6-цил-линейные двигатели: 2240 л.с. (2270 пс; 1670 кВт)

SL.24 (тип H)

Никогда не заказался. Второй корабль Schütte-Lanz с трубчатой алюминиевой рамой. Возможно, было завершено после войны, но никаких дополнительных подробностей.

Первый рейс: n/a
Длина: 232 м (761 фут)
Диаметр: 25,4 м (83 фута)
Емкость газа: 78 800 м ³ (2780 000 с Ft)
Производительность: 116,6 км/ч (72,5 миль в час; 63,0 кН)
Полезная нагрузка: 59,5 т (59 500 кг; 131 000 фунтов)
Двигатели: 8x Maybach HS-Lu 6-цил-линейные двигатели: 2240 л.с. (2270 пс; 1670 кВт)

SL.101

После войны Schütte-Lanz разработал несколько проектов дирижабля мирного времени, которые никогда не были реализованы. Основываясь на металлической рамке SL.23 и SL.24, первым был SL.101. Это было предназначено для регулярной трансатлантической службы в Нью -Йорке или Южной Америке.

Первый рейс: n/a
Длина: 228,5 м (750 футов)
Диаметр: 28,75 м (94 фута)
Емкость газа: 101 700 м ³ (3590 000 с Ft)
Производительность: 130 км/ч (81 миль в час; 70 кН)
Полезная нагрузка: n/a
Двигатели: n/a

SL.102 Panamerica

Это было предназначено для регулярной трансатлантической службы в Нью -Йорке или Южной Америке.

Первый рейс: n/a
Длина: 298 м (978 футов)
Диаметр: 38,54 м (126 футов)
Емкость газа: 220 000 м ³ (7 800 000 с Ft)
Производительность: 130 км/ч (81 миль в час; 70 кН)
Полезная нагрузка: n/a
Двигатели: n/a

SL.103 Pacific

Это было предназначено для регулярной трансатлантической службы в Нью -Йорке или Южной Америке, хотя название указывает на различные устремления.

Первый рейс: n/a
Длина: 274,5 м (901 фут)
Диаметр: 34,77 м (114 футов)
Емкость газа: 150 000 м ³ (5 300 000 с Ft)
Производительность: 130 км/ч (81 миль в час; 70 кН)
Полезная нагрузка: n/a
Двигатели: n/a

Американский дифференциальный тендер

Schütte-Lanz представил в 1926 году безуспешный дизайн военно -морского флота США в конкуренции с успешными дизайнами Goodyear-Zeppelin , USS Akron и USS Macon .

Смотрите также

Примечания

^ Венцлер 2000 , с. 5
^ Венрлер 2000
^ Подпрыгнуть до: ^а ^{беременный} ^в Griehl & Dressel 1990
^ Брукс, Питер В. (1991). Zeppelin: жесткие дирижаблы 1893-1940 . Лондон: Putnam Aeronautical. ISBN 0851778453 .
^ Бейкер, Брайан (2002). Могилы Zeppelin на Cannock Chase (второй (пересмотренный и расширенный) изд.). Cannock Chase: Ассоциация друзей Каннока Чейза. Стр. 1-2
^ Lueger 1920 , с. 404–412, рис. 4-6, Luftschiff , Перевод: «Пять гондолы двигателя (один передний под прилеганием к двум прилегающим примыканиям, на два середины выше, в результате чего один затенен корпусом, который другой лежит перед корпусом), каждый с 240 пс . двигателем Maybach

Ссылки

Грил, Манфред; Дрессель, Йоахим (1990). Zeppelin! Немецкая история дирижабля . Руки и броня. ISBN 1-85409-045-3 .
Люгер, Отто (1920). Лексикон всей технологии и ее вспомогательные науки (на немецком языке). Том.
Лорд Вентри; Юджин Колесник (1976). Карманная книга Джейн 7 - развитие дирижабля . Макдональд и Джейн. ISBN 0-356-04656-7 .
Лорд Вентри; Юджин Колесник (1982). Сага о дирижабле . Blandford Press. ISBN 0-7137-1001-2 .
Рейд А. (2014). Schütte-Lanz Design Design . Лулу. {{cite book}}: CS1 Maint: местоположение отсутствует издатель ( ссылка )
Венцлер, Себастьян (2000). Инновация Schütte-Lanz (PDF) (на немецком языке). ISBN 3-8142-0718-1 .

Внешние ссылки

Uni-Library Oldenburg. Иоганн Шютте-Прохект -Архив из 1700 фотографий строительства, планов и связанных с ними материала

[1] Венцлер 2000 , с. 5

[Wentzler-2] Венрлер 2000

[Griehl-3] Подпрыгнуть до: ^а ^{беременный} ^в Griehl & Dressel 1990

[Brooks-4] Брукс, Питер В. (1991). Zeppelin: жесткие дирижаблы 1893-1940 . Лондон: Putnam Aeronautical. ISBN 0851778453 .

[Baker-5] Бейкер, Брайан (2002). Могилы Zeppelin на Cannock Chase (второй (пересмотренный и расширенный) изд.). Cannock Chase: Ассоциация друзей Каннока Чейза. Стр. 1-2

[LuegerLuftschiff-6] Lueger 1920 , с. 404–412, рис. 4-6, Luftschiff , Перевод: «Пять гондолы двигателя (один передний под прилеганием к двум прилегающим примыканиям, на два середины выше, в результате чего один затенен корпусом, который другой лежит перед корпусом), каждый с 240 пс . двигателем Maybach

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