Дрон мочевой пузырь

Дрон мочевой пузырь
Научная классификация
Домен:	Эукариота
Клада :	Диафоретики
Клада :	Сар -
Клада :	Стейнамиле
Филум:	Гириста
Субфилум:	Ochrophytina
Сорт:	Phaeophyceae
Заказ:	Фукалес
Family:	Fucaceae
Genus:	Fucus
Species:	F. vesiculosus
Binomial name
	Fucus vesiculosus; L.

Fucus vesiculosus , известный под общими именами Bladderwrack , Black Tang , Rockweed , морского винограда , мочевого пузыря , морского дуба , вырезанного сорняка , Dyers Fucus , красного фукуса и скалистых наносов , есть морские водоросли , найденные на побережье Северного моря , западный Балтийское море и Атлантический и Тихоокеанский океаны . Это был первоначальный источник йода , обнаруженный в 1811 году, и широко использовался для лечения Goitre , отека щитовидной железы , связанной с дефицитом йода . ^{[ 1 ]}

Описание

Фронты F. vesiculosus растут до 150 см (59 дюймов) длиной и шириной 2,5 см (1,0 дюйма) и имеют выдающуюся среднюю леску повсюду. Он прикреплен базальной дисковой удержанием . Он имеет почти сферические воздушные мочевые пузыря, которые обычно являются парными по обе стороны от среднего возраста, но могут отсутствовать у молодых растений. Поле гладко, а листья дихотомично разветвлена. Иногда его путают с Fucus spiralis , с которым он гибридизуется и похож на Fucus serratus . ^{[ 2 ]}^{[ 3 ]}

Распределение

Fucus vesiculosus is a common large alga on the shores of the British Isles.^[4] It has been recorded from the Atlantic shores of Europe, Northern Russia, the Baltic Sea, Greenland, Azores, Canary Islands, Morocco and Madeira.^[5]^[6] It is also found on the Atlantic coast of North America from Ellesmere Island, Hudson Bay to North Carolina.^[7]

Ecology

The species is especially common on sheltered shores from the middle littoral to lower intertidal levels.^[7] It is rare on exposed shores, where any specimens may be short, stunted and without the air vesicles.^[8] F. vesiculosus supports few colonial organisms but provides a canopy and shelter for the tube worm Spirorbis spirorbis, herbivorous isopods such as Idotea and surface-grazing snails such as Littorina obtusata.^[2] Phlorotannins in Fucus vesiculosus act as chemical defenses against the marine herbivorous snail Littorina littorea,^[9] while galactolipids act as herbivore deterrents against the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata.^[10] Methyl jasmonate may induce the phlorotannins production.^[11] Fucophlorethol A is a type of phlorotannin found in F. vesiculosus.^[12]

Biology

Plants of F. vesiculosus are dioecious. Gametes are generally released into the seawater under calm conditions, and the eggs are fertilized externally to produce a zygote.^[2] Eggs are fertilized shortly after being released from the receptacle. A study on the coast of Maine showed that there was 100% fertilization at both exposed and sheltered sites.^[2] Continuously submerged populations in the Baltic Sea are very responsive to turbulent conditions. High fertilization success is achieved because the gametes are released only when water velocities are low.^[13]

Individuals of F. vesiculosus from the North Sea colonized the Baltic Sea less than 8,000 years ago. The event is paralleled by a switch from what seems to be obligate sexual recruitment to facultative asexual recruitment.^[14] Asexual reproduction in Baltic Sea populations is accomplished by the production of adventitious branches that come loose and reattach to the bottom by the formation of rhizoids. Adventitious branches are present in thalli of F. vesiculosus in other areas too but asexual formation of new thalli has never been reported outside the Baltic Sea.^[14]^[15]

Consumption

Fucus vesiculosus is sold as a nutritional supplement. Primary chemical constituents include mucilage, algin, mannitol, fucitol, beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, volatile oils, iodine, bromine, potassium and other minerals.^{[citation needed]}

Adverse effects

Consumption of F. vesiculosus can cause platelet inhibition, which may potentiate the anticoagulant activity of warfarin (Coumadin).^[16] It should be avoided before surgery.^[16]

Some people may suffer an allergic reaction to the iodine in F. vesiculosus.^[17]

References

^ "Bladderwrack". WebMD. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Nicola White (2008). "Bladder wrack – Fucus vesiculosus". Marine Life Information Network. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
^ Newton, L. 1931. A Handbook of British Seaweeds. London. British Museum (Natural History)
^ F. G. Hardy; M. D. Guiry (2003). A Check-list and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland (PDF). London: British Phycological Society. ISBN 978-0-9527115-1-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
^ M. D. Guiry; Wendy Guiry (January 12, 2007). "Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus". AlgaeBase. National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
^ Charlotta A. Nygård; Matthew J. Dring (2008). "Influence of salinity, temperature, dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrient concentration on the photosynthesis and growth of Fucus vesiculosus from the Baltic an Irish Seas". European Journal of Phycology. 43 (3): 253–262. Bibcode:2008EJPhy..43..253N. doi:10.1080/09670260802172627.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b W. R. Taylor (1957). Marine Algae of the Northeastern Coast of North America. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. ISBN 978-0-472-04904-2.
^ C. S. Lobban; P. J. Harrison (1994). Seaweed Ecology and Physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-40897-4.
^ J. A. Geiselman; O. J. McConnell (1981). "Polyphenols in brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum: chemical defenses against the marine herbivorous snail, Littorina littorea". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 7 (6): 1115–1133. Bibcode:1981JCEco...7.1115G. doi:10.1007/BF00987632. PMID 24420835. S2CID 21550668.
^ Michael S. Deal; Mark E. Hay; Dean Wilson; William Fenical (2003). "Galactolipids rather than phlorotannins as herbivore deterrents in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus". Oecologia. 136 (1): 107–114. Bibcode:2003Oecol.136..107D. doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1242-3. PMID 12684854. S2CID 5821145.
^ Thomas M. Arnold; Nancy M. Targett; Christopher E. Tanner; Walter I. Hatch; Kirstin E. Ferrari (2001). "Evidence for methyl jasmonate-induced phlorotannin production in Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae)". Journal of Phycology. 37 (6): 1026–1029. Bibcode:2001JPcgy..37.1026A. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.01130.x. S2CID 84362547.
^ Sabine Parys; Stefan Kehraus; Anja Krick; Karl-Werner Glombitza; Shmuel Carmeli; Karin Klimo; Clarissa Gerhäuser; Gabriele M. König (2010). "In vitro chemopreventive potential of fucophlorethols from the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus L. by anti-oxidant activity and inhibition of selected cytochrome P450 enzymes". Phytochemistry. 71 (2–3): 221–229. Bibcode:2010PChem..71..221P. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.10.020. PMID 19954804.
^ E. A. Serrao; G. Pearson; L. Kautsky; S. H. Brawley (1996). "Successful external fertilization in turbulent environments". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 93 (11): 5286–5290. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.5286S. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.11.5286. PMC 39237. PMID 11607682.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Tatarenkov, A.; Bergström, L.; Jönsson, R. B.; Serrão, E. A.; Kautsky, L.; Johannesson, K. (February 2005). "Intriguing asexual life in marginal populations of the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus". Molecular Ecology. 14 (2): 647–651. Bibcode:2005MolEc..14..647T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02425.x. PMID 15660953. S2CID 16619196.
^ Ardehed, Angelica; Johansson, Daniel; Sundqvist, Lisa; Schagerström, Ellen; Zagrodzka, Zuzanna; Kovaltchouk, Nikolaj A.; Bergström, Lena; Kautsky, Lena; Rafajlovic, Marina (2016-08-15). "Divergence within and among Seaweed Siblings (Fucus vesiculosus and F. radicans) in the Baltic Sea". PLOS ONE. 11 (8): e0161266. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161266A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161266. PMC 4985153. PMID 27525655.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Herbs to Avoid Before Surgery". University of Texas, El Paso. Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
^ "Bladderwrack". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved December 13, 2013.

External links

Media related to Fucus vesiculosus at Wikimedia Commons
Bunker, F. "Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus Le Jolis". British Isles Seaweed Images. Archived from the original on 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
Guiry, M. D. "Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus". North Atlantic Seaweeds. Archived from the original on 2010-10-07. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
"Bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus)". ARKive. Archived from the original on 2011-08-23. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
"Bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus)". Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). Marine Biological Association of the UK. 2008.
Guiry, MD (2017). Guiry, MD; Guiry, GM (ред.). " Fucus vesiculosus linnaeus" . Водоросли . Голуэй: Национальный университет Ирландии.
Фотографии Fucus vesiculosus на коллекции Sealife

[1] "Bladderwrack". WebMD. Retrieved 27 September 2018.

[MarLIN-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Nicola White (2008). "Bladder wrack – Fucus vesiculosus". Marine Life Information Network. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved December 13, 2013.

[3] Newton, L. 1931. A Handbook of British Seaweeds. London. British Museum (Natural History)

[book-4] F. G. Hardy; M. D. Guiry (2003). A Check-list and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland (PDF). London: British Phycological Society. ISBN 978-0-9527115-1-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2014-01-18.

[5] M. D. Guiry; Wendy Guiry (January 12, 2007). "Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus". AlgaeBase. National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved April 22, 2012.

[Nygård_08-6] Charlotta A. Nygård; Matthew J. Dring (2008). "Influence of salinity, temperature, dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrient concentration on the photosynthesis and growth of Fucus vesiculosus from the Baltic an Irish Seas". European Journal of Phycology. 43 (3): 253–262. Bibcode:2008EJPhy..43..253N. doi:10.1080/09670260802172627.

[Taylor_57-7] Jump up to: ^a ^b W. R. Taylor (1957). Marine Algae of the Northeastern Coast of North America. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. ISBN 978-0-472-04904-2.

[8] C. S. Lobban; P. J. Harrison (1994). Seaweed Ecology and Physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-40897-4.

[9] J. A. Geiselman; O. J. McConnell (1981). "Polyphenols in brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum: chemical defenses against the marine herbivorous snail, Littorina littorea". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 7 (6): 1115–1133. Bibcode:1981JCEco...7.1115G. doi:10.1007/BF00987632. PMID 24420835. S2CID 21550668.

[10] Michael S. Deal; Mark E. Hay; Dean Wilson; William Fenical (2003). "Galactolipids rather than phlorotannins as herbivore deterrents in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus". Oecologia. 136 (1): 107–114. Bibcode:2003Oecol.136..107D. doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1242-3. PMID 12684854. S2CID 5821145.

[11] Thomas M. Arnold; Nancy M. Targett; Christopher E. Tanner; Walter I. Hatch; Kirstin E. Ferrari (2001). "Evidence for methyl jasmonate-induced phlorotannin production in Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae)". Journal of Phycology. 37 (6): 1026–1029. Bibcode:2001JPcgy..37.1026A. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.01130.x. S2CID 84362547.

[12] Sabine Parys; Stefan Kehraus; Anja Krick; Karl-Werner Glombitza; Shmuel Carmeli; Karin Klimo; Clarissa Gerhäuser; Gabriele M. König (2010). "In vitro chemopreventive potential of fucophlorethols from the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus L. by anti-oxidant activity and inhibition of selected cytochrome P450 enzymes". Phytochemistry. 71 (2–3): 221–229. Bibcode:2010PChem..71..221P. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.10.020. PMID 19954804.

[13] E. A. Serrao; G. Pearson; L. Kautsky; S. H. Brawley (1996). "Successful external fertilization in turbulent environments". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 93 (11): 5286–5290. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.5286S. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.11.5286. PMC 39237. PMID 11607682.

[:0-14] Jump up to: ^a ^b Tatarenkov, A.; Bergström, L.; Jönsson, R. B.; Serrão, E. A.; Kautsky, L.; Johannesson, K. (February 2005). "Intriguing asexual life in marginal populations of the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus". Molecular Ecology. 14 (2): 647–651. Bibcode:2005MolEc..14..647T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02425.x. PMID 15660953. S2CID 16619196.

[:1-15] Ardehed, Angelica; Johansson, Daniel; Sundqvist, Lisa; Schagerström, Ellen; Zagrodzka, Zuzanna; Kovaltchouk, Nikolaj A.; Bergström, Lena; Kautsky, Lena; Rafajlovic, Marina (2016-08-15). "Divergence within and among Seaweed Siblings (Fucus vesiculosus and F. radicans) in the Baltic Sea". PLOS ONE. 11 (8): e0161266. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161266A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161266. PMC 4985153. PMID 27525655.

[ute-16] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Herbs to Avoid Before Surgery". University of Texas, El Paso. Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-27.

[17] "Bladderwrack". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved December 13, 2013.

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