Эрцгерцок Леопольд Вильгельм из Австрии

Эрцгерцог Леопольд Вильгельм из Австрии
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, by Pieter Thijs
Born	5 January 1614 Wiener Neustadt
Died	20 November 1662 (aged 48) Vienna
Allegiance	Holy Roman Empire
Years of service	1640 to 1656
Commands	Governor, Spanish Netherlands 1647-1656
Battles/wars	Thirty Years' War Second Breitenfeld Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) Gravelines Lens
Relations	Emperor Ferdinand III brother Leopold I nephew
Other work	Prince-bishop Halberstadt Passau Breslau Olmütz Strasbourg Grand Master, Teutonic Order 1641–1662

Эрцгерцог Леопольд Вильгельм из Австрии (5 января 1614–20 ноября 1662 г.), младший брат императора Фердинанда III , был австрийским солдатом, администратором и покровителем искусства.

Он держал ряд военных команд с ограниченным успехом и служил губернатором испанских , а затем вернулся в Вену Несмотря на то, что его номинирован в качестве императора Священной Римской в 1656 году. Нидерландов Я ​

Его главный интерес был в искусстве, и он покровительствовал артистам, включая Дэвида Тенера, младшего , Франса Снайдерса , Питера Снайерса , Даниэля Сегерса , Питера Франчойса , Франса Вутерса , Яна ван Ден Хокке и Питера Тиджа . Его коллекция венецианских и голландских картин 17 -го века в настоящее время проводится Музеем Кунстфисторишеса в Вене.

Life

Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, ca 1650s by David Teniers the Younger

Born at Wiener Neustadt on 5 January, 1614, he was the sixth of seven children born to Emperor Ferdinand II (1578-1637) and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574–1616). His elder brother became Emperor Ferdinand III (1608–1657).

Career

As a younger son, Leopold was educated for the church but was never ordained. Despite not being a member of the clergy, he held various Prince-Bishoprics within the Holy Roman Empire to provide him an income: Halberstadt (1628–1648), Passau (1625–1662), Breslau (1656–1662), Olmütz (1637–1662) and Strasbourg (1626–1662).

He was also appointed to the Bishopric of Halberstadt in 1627, Magdeburg in 1629 and Bremen in 1635. All three were in the Protestant north, where the infrastructure of the Catholic church had long since disappeared; he never exercised power and all three were secularised in 1648. He became the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order in 1641.

During his lifetime, the Habsburg rulers of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire faced the 1568 to 1648 Dutch Revolt, the 1618 to 1648 Thirty Years War and other conflicts, including the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659). Despite his reluctance, Ferdinand made him Imperial commander in 1639, largely due to lack of reliable subordinates; he resigned following a disastrous defeat at Second Breitenfeld in 1642, a battle fought against the advice of his generals.

He was re-appointed after another Imperial defeat at the 1645 Battle of Jankau, then Governor of the Spanish Netherlands in 1647. In that role, he lost the Battle of Lens against Condé and then he helped negotiate an end to the war in the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia; the Franco-Spanish War continued, obliging him to remain in Brussels until 1656.

Art collection

While in Brussels, he employed David Teniers the Younger as keeper of his collection, spending immense sums on works by Frans Snyders, Peter Snayers, Daniel Seghers, Peter Franchoys, Frans Wouters, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter Thijs, Jan van de Venne and others. He also acquired a number of Italian masters, purchased from the sale of collections owned by Bartolomeo della Nave and Charles I. His most prized pieces engraved in the book Theatrum Pictorium, which is often called the first "art catalogue".

When the tomb of Childeric I, an early Merovingian king, was discovered in 1653 by a mason doing repairs in the church of Saint-Brice in Tournai, it was Leopold Wilhelm who had the find published in Latin. On his return to Vienna in 1656, his collection relocated to the Hofburg Palace, where Jan Anton van der Baren, a Flemish priest and artist, served as director. The collection was bequeathed to his nephew Leopold I, and is now part of the collections of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.

He played an active role in court politics and was close to his stepmother, Eleonora of Mantua (1598-1655), who shared his interest in Italian art and was a prominent supporter of the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Although suggested as a candidate to replace Ferdinand as Holy Roman Emperor in 1657, he ensured his nephew Leopold I was elected when he reached 18 in July 1658.

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  Bust of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, by Francois Dieussart (1656). Kunsthistorisches Museum
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  Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in his Gallery in Brussels, by David Teniers the Younger, c. 1650
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  Gallery of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in Brussels; by David Teniers the Younger, 1651

Ancestors

showAncestors of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria

16. Philip I of Castile 8. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (= 22, 26) 17. Joanna of Castile 4. Charles II, Archduke of Austria 18. Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary 9. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (= 23, 27) 19. Anna of Foix-Candale 2. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 20. William IV, Duke of Bavaria (= 24) 10. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria (= 12) 21. Marie of Baden-Sponheim (= 25) 5. Maria Anna of Bavaria (≠ 3) 22. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (= 8, 26) 11. Anna of Austria (= 13) 23. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (= 9, 27) 1. Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria 24. William IV, Duke of Bavaria (= 20) 12. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria (= 10) 25. Marie of Baden-Sponheim (= 21) 6. William V, Duke of Bavaria 26. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (= 8, 22) 13. Anna of Austria (= 11) 27. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (= 9, 23) 3. Maria Anna of Bavaria (≠ 5) 28. Antoine, Duke of Lorraine 14. Francis I, Duke of Lorraine 29. Renée of Bourbon-Montpensier 7. Renata of Lorraine 30. Christian II of Denmark 15. Christina of Denmark 31. Isabella of Austria

Male-line family tree

showHouse of Habsburg
Original line Albert Count of Habsburg c. 1188–1239 Rudolf I of Germany c. 1218–1291 Albert I of Germany 1255–1308 Hartmann 1263–1281 Rudolf II Duke of Austria 1270–1290 Rudolf I of Bohemia 1281–1307 Frederick the Fair c. 1289–1330 Leopold I Duke of Austria 1290–1326 Albert II Duke of Austria 1298–1358 Henry the Friendly 1299–1327 Otto Duke of Austria 1301–1339 John Parricida c. 1290–1312/1313   Albertinian line   Leopoldian line Rudolf IV Duke of Austria 1339–1365 Frederick III 1347–1362 Albert III Duke of Austria 1349–1395 Leopold III Duke of Austria 1351–1386 Frederick II Duke of Austria 1327–1344 Leopold II Duke of Austria 1328–1344 Albert IV Duke of Austria 1377–1404 William Duke of Austria c. 1370–1406 Leopold IV Duke of Austria 1371–1411 Ernest Duke of Austria 1377–1424 Frederick IV Duke of Austria 1382–1439 Albert II of Germany 1397–1439 Frederick III HRE 1415–1493 Albert VI Archduke of Austria 1418–1463 Sigismund Archduke of Austria 1427–1496 Ladislaus the Posthumous 1440–1457 Maximilian I HRE 1459–1519 Philip I of Castile 1478–1506   Spanish / Iberian line   Austrian / HRE line Charles V HRE 1500–1558 Ferdinand I HRE 1503–1564 Philip II of Spain 1527–1598 Maximilian II HRE 1527–1576 Ferdinand II Archduke of Austria 1529–1595 Charles II Archduke of Austria 1540–1590 Carlos Prince of Asturias 1545–1568 Philip III of Spain 1578–1621 Rudolf II HRE 1552–1612 Ernest of Austria 1553–1595 Matthias HRE 1557–1619 Maximilian III Archduke of Austria 1558–1618 Albert VII Archduke of Austria 1559–1621 Wenceslaus Archduke of Austria 1561–1578 Andrew Margrave of Burgau 1558–1600 Charles Margrave of Burgau 1560–1618 Ferdinand II HRE 1578–1637 Maximilian Ernest of Austria 1583–1616 Leopold V Archduke of Austria 1586–1632 Charles of Austria 1590–1624 Philip IV of Spain 1605–1665 Charles of Austria 1607–1632 Ferdinand of Austria 1609–1641 John-Charles of Austria 1605–1619 Ferdinand III HRE 1608–1657 Leopold Wilhelm of Austria 1614–1662 Ferdinand Charles Archduke of Austria 1628–1662 Sigismund Francis Archduke of Austria 1630–1665 Balthasar Charles Prince of Asturias 1629–1646 Charles II of Spain 1661–1700 Ferdinand IV King of the Romans 1633–1654 Leopold I HRE 1640–1705 Charles Joseph of Austria 1649–1664 Joseph I HRE 1678–1711 Charles VI HRE 1685–1740
Notes:

Sources

• González Cuerva, Rubén; Tercero Casado, Luis (2017). "The Imperial Court during the Thirty Years War". In Caesar, Mathieu (ed.). Factional Struggles: Divided Elites in European Cities & Courts (1400-1750). BRILL. ISBN 978-9004344150.
• Schreiber, Renate (2004). "Ein Galeria nach meinem Humor": Erzherzog Leopold Wilhelm. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum. ISBN 3854970854.
• Liedtke , Walter A. (1984). Flemish paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0870993569. (See index, v. 1, for more information on Leopold Wilhelm's patronage)

External links

• Mutschlechner, Martin. "Archduke Leopold Wilhelm: a Baroque prince of the Church par excellence". Habsburger.net. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
• Mutschlechner, Martin. "Leopold Wilhelm: the prince of the Church in armour". Habsburger.net. Retrieved 27 January 2020.