Евархия Чжумлдже и Герцеговина

Евархия Чжумлдже и Герцеговина
Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Mostar, under reconstruction since 2011.
Location
Territory	Parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Montenegro
Headquarters	Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Information
Sui iuris church	Serbian Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox)
Established	1219 (as Eparchy of Hum)
Cathedral	Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Language	Church Slavonic and Serbian
Current leadership
Bishop	Dimitrije (Rađenović)
Map
Website
Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina

Эпрерхия Zahumlje, Герцеговины и литора ( сербский : herzegovina , романизированный : esepravio -хaхuemskoй ( eprarcki дискей ) - это espraјi -aхuemskoй - -herzegovina rararkol - это ) . Он имеет юрисдикцию над регионом Герцеговины , прибрежной области южной Далмации в Хорватии и небольшой части Черногории . С 2018 года епископ Захумлдже и Герцеговина был Димитрие Радженович.

Cathedral of the Holy Trinity (white church with black roof) in Mostar

Church of the Holy Annunciation in Dubrovnik, Croatia

История

Ecclesiastical background

The region was under the Eastern Orthodox Metropolitanate of Dyrrachium, which in turn was under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople or the Archbishopric of Bar. In 1089, the see of Trebinje (Travunia) was briefly theoretically under the jurisdiction of the Archbishopric of Bar. The territory was constantly in a feudal state of continuous religious wars between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox denominations long before the incursion of Islamic invaders.

Middle Ages

The Eparchy of Hum or Zahumlje was founded in 1219, by the first Serbian Archbishop Sava, the same year the Serbian Orthodox Church acquired its autocephaly status from the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Thus, it was one of the original Serbian Orthodox bishoprics. It had jurisdiction over the historical regions of Zahumlje and Travunija. The first Bishop of Hum was Ilarion, succeeded by Sava II (son of Stefan the First-Crowned). The original seat was in Ston, in the church of the Most Holy Theotokos (Пресвете Богородице). Following an earthquake, the bishop moved the seat to the Monastery of Holy Apostles in the valley of river Lim in the 1250s. From that time, the Eparchy of Hum was sometimes also called "Eparchy of Lim".

With the War of Hum (1326–1329), most of Zahumlje was taken over by Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia, but the Travunija region remained under the rule of Serbian Kings. After the creation of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć in 1346, all original Serbian bishops were raised to the honorary rank of metropolitan bishops. The see of the eparchy was then moved to the Mileševa monastery. In the middle of 15th century, Metropolitan David was a very influential figure in the court of Stefan Kosača, who was titled Duke (Herzeg) of Saint Sava. Following the fall of the Duchy of St. Sava to the Ottoman Empire (1482), the see was frequently moved, finally to settle in the Tvrdoš Monastery near Trebinje in 1508. Eventually, the eparchy was further divided into the Eparchy of Mileševa.

Modern and contemporary history

In 1557, Serbian Patriarchate of Peć was restored and the Eparchy of Herzegovina was returned to its jurisdiction, with its bishops holding the honorary title of metropolitan. In 1766, when the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć was abolished, Eparchy of Herzegovina and all other Serbian eparchies under Ottoman rule came under the jurisdiction of Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Bishops of Herzegovina kept their honorary title of Metropolitan, as was also the custom in the Ecumenical Patriarchate.

Hercegovačka Gračanica, in Trebinje, former temporary seat of the diocese.

The seat of metropolitan was transferred to Mostar. Since 1878, the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was under the occupation of Austria-Hungary, but under the Church Convention of 1880, all Eastern Orthodox eparchies remained under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. At the end of the First World War in 1918, Eastern Orthodox bishops in Bosnia and Herzegovina reached a unanimous decision to enter the united Serbian Orthodox Church. The process of unification was completed in 1920 and since then the Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina has remained part of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The seat of the eparchy was the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Mostar. As of 2017, it is being rebuilt after being demolished during the Bosnian War (1992–1995).

After the restoration of the Serbian Orthodox Church (1920), and with the Church Constitution (1931), diocese comprised the districts Mostar, Bileća, Gacko, nevesinje, Stolac, and Trebinje, the towns of Metković and Dubrovnik and the island of Korčula, the birthplace of Marco Polo. Districts of Foča and Čajniče were allotted to the Diocese of Dabar-Bosnia. Since the Serbian Orthodox Church integration of 1920, the bishops of Zahumlje and Herzegovina were Jovan Ilić (1926-1931), Simon Stanković (1932-1934), Tihon Radovanović (1934-1939), Nikolaj Jovanović (1940-1943), Longin Tomić (1951-1955) and Vladislav Mitrović (1955-1991). At the meeting of the Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1992, Dr. Atanasije Jevtić was elected for the Bishop of the Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina.

World War II

See also: Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

During World War II from 1941 to 1943 on the territory of the Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina 19 churches were damaged or destroyed. Nine parish homes were either heavily damaged or totally destroyed. Twelve (12) libraries and 21 church archives were completely destroyed.

Serbia in the Yugoslav Wars

Also, during the breakup of Yugoslavia and the ensuing civil war of 1991-1993, the Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina of all the Serbian Orthodox eparchies sustained the most damage. Twenty-four (24) churches were destroyed and 16 churches were heavily damaged, in addition to the monastery of Zavala. Three chapels were damaged or destroyed in their entirety. Two parish houses were destroyed, one mined and the other set on fire. Bishop's Palace in Mostar and the Bishop's house in Dubrovnik were destroyed, as well. Also, ten cemeteries were either destroyed or desecrated.

In Mostar, where the see of Zahumlje and Herzegovina was located, everything belonging to the Serbian Orthodox Church was destroyed. The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, constructed in 1873 at a time of occupation, between 7 and 8 June 1992, was shelled, and on 15 June (on the second day of the Pentecost) the belltowers were destroyed and the cathedral was set ablaze. Subsequently, the remaining walls were mined, and the monumental shrine was turned into rubble.

The old church built in the 16th century in honor of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, situated in the cemetery of Mostar, was also destroyed. The Bishop's Palace, built in the 19th century, was mined while the monastery of Zitomislic which suffered damages in World War II, also met the same fate in the war of 1991-1993. (The survey of damaged, destroyed and desecrated churches, monasteries, and other church buildings during the war of 1991-1993 was cited from the archives of the Museum of the Serbian Orthodox Church.)

Heads

1. Ilarion (13th century)
2. Metodije (13th century)
3. Teodosije (13th century)
4. Nikola (13th century)
5. Sava (until 1264)
6. Jevstatije (ca. 1305)
7. Jovan I (ca. 1316)
8. Danilo (1316–1324)
9. Stefan I (1324)
10. Mileševa (ca. 1377)
11. David (ca. 1465)
12. Jovan II (1508–1513)
13. Visarion I (1509–1525)
14. Maksim I (before 1532)
15. Marko (1531–1534)
16. Nikanor (1534–1546)
17. Antonije (1570–1573)
18. Savatije I (1573–1585)
19. Visarion II (1590–1602)
20. Silvestar (1602–1611)
21. Simeon I (1613–1635)
22. Savatije II (1635–1642)
23. Maksim II (1643–1648)
24. Pajsije (1648–1651)
25. Arsenije I (1651)
26. Vasilije (1651–1671)
27. Simeon II (1671–1681)
28. Savatije III (1681–1693)
29. Nektarije (1693–1712)
30. Melentije (1712–1713)
31. Arsenije II (1715)
32. Gerasim (1715–1727)
33. Aksentije I (1727–1736)
34. Filotej (1741–1741)
35. Aksentije II (1751–1760)
36. Stefan II (1763–1766)
37. Antim (1766–1772)
38. Likanije (1772–1802)
39. Jeremija (1803–1815)
40. Josif I (1816–1835)
41. Prokopije I (1838–1848)
42. Josif II (1848–1854)
43. Grigorije I (1855–1860)
44. Joanikije (1860–1864)
45. Prokopije II (1864–1875)
46. Ignjatije (1875–1888)
47. Leontije (1888)
48. Serafim (1889–1903)
49. Petar (1903–1920)
50. Jovan III Ilić (1926–1931)
51. Simeon III Stanković (1932–1934)
52. Tihon Radovanović (1934–1939)
53. Nikolaj Jovanović (1939–1943)
54. Longin Tomić (1951–1955)
55. Vladislav Mitrović (1955–1991)
56. Atanasije (1992–1999)
57. Grigorije II (1999–2018)
58. Dimitrije (2018–)

Monasteries

Tvrdoš Monastery

Duži Monastery

There are eight monasteries in the diocese:

• Dobrićevo
• Duži
• Žitomislić
• Zavala
• Zubci
• Petropavlov
• Tvrdoš
• Hercegovačka Gračanica

See also

• Eastern Orthodoxy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• List of the Eparchies of the Serbian Orthodox Church
• Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Mostar
• Holy Annunciation Orthodox church, Dubrovnik

Источники

• Янкович, Мария (1985). Епископы и столица сербской церкви в средневековье (епископки и столицы сербской церкви в среднем возрасте) . Белград: Институт истории Сану.
• Борис Нилевич (1990). Сербская ортодоксальная церковь в Боснии и Герцеговине для ремонта патриархата Патриархата 1557 года. Годы . Веселин Малеша. ISBN  9788621004270 .
• Вукович, Сава (1996). Сербские иерархи с 9 до 20 -го века) . Евро, нереки, Каленич.
• Батакович, Душан Т. (1996). Сербы Боснии и Герцеговины: история и политика . Диалоговая ассоциация. ISBN  9782911527104 .
• Mileusnić, Slobodan (1997). Духовный геноцид: обзор разрушенных, поврежденных и оскверненных церквей, монастырей и других церковных зданий во время войны 1991–1995 гг. (1997) . Белград: музей сербской православной церкви.
• Радич, Радмила (1998). «Сербская православная церковь и война в Боснии и Герцеговине». Религия и война в Боснии . Атланта: ученые пресса. С. 160–182. ISBN  9780788504280 .
• Попович, Светлана (2002). «Сербский епископ видит в тринадцатом веке (сербские епископальные места в столетии XIII)» . Древний (51: 2001): 171-184.
• Ćirković, Sima (2004). Сербы . Малден: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN  9781405142915 .
• Киминас, Деметриус (2009). Экуменический патриархат: история его столичных категорий с аннотированными иерарховскими каталогами . Wildside Press LLC. ISBN  9781434458766 .
• Сотирович, Владислав Б. (2011). «Сербский патриархат Печа в Османской империи: первый этап (1557–94)». Сербские исследования: журнал Североамериканского общества сербских исследований . 25 (2): 143–169. doi : 10.1353/ser.2011.0038 . S2CID   143629322 .

Внешние ссылки

• Еврхия Захумлдже и Герцеговины (на сербском языке)