Microsoft PowerPoint

Эта статья о программе для презентаций от Microsoft Corporation. Чтобы узнать о других значениях, см. Power Point (значения) .

Microsoft PowerPoint

Фотопрезентация создается и редактируется в PowerPoint под управлением Windows 11.
Разработчик(и)	Майкрософт
Первоначальный выпуск	20 апреля 1987 г ( 1987-04-20 )
Stable release	2312 (Build 17126.20132) / January 9, 2024 (2024-01-09)
Written in	C++ (back-end)
Operating system	Microsoft Windows
Predecessor	Forethought Powerpoint
Available in	102 languages
show List of languages Afrikaans, Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Assamese, Azerbaijani (Latin), Bangla (Bangladesh), Bangla (Bengali India), Basque, Belarusian, Bosnian (Latin), Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dari, Dutch, English, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hausa, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Indonesian, Irish, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Italian, Japanese, Kannada, Kazakh, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kiswahili, Konkani, Korean, Kyrgyz, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luxembourgish, Macedonian (Macedonia), Malay (Latin), Malayalam, Maltese, Maori, Marathi, Mongolian (Cyrillic), Nepali, Norwegian (Bokmål), Norwegian (Nynorsk), Odia, Pashto, Persian (Farsi), Polish, Portuguese (Portugal), Portuguese (Brazil), Punjabi (India), Quechua, Romanian, Romansh, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Cyrillic, Serbia), Serbian (Latin, Serbia), Serbian (Cyrillic, Bosnia and Herzegovina), Sesotho sa Leboa, Setswana, Sindhi (Arabic), Sinhala, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Tatar (Cyrillic), Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Ukrainian, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek (Latin), Valencian, Vietnamese, Welsh, Wolof, Yoruba
Type	Presentation program
License	Trialware
Website	microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/powerpoint

Microsoft PowerPoint for Android OS

PowerPoint for Android running on Android 13
Developer(s)	Microsoft Corporation
Stable release	16.0.16501.20160 / May 26, 2023 (2023-05-26)
Operating system	Android Pie or later
Type	Presentation program
License	Proprietary commercial software
Website	products.office.com/en-us/powerpoint

Microsoft PowerPoint for Mac

PowerPoint for Mac (version 16.69.1), running on macOS Ventura (13.2)
Developer(s)	Microsoft
Initial release	April 20, 1987 (1987-04-20)
Stable release	16.70 (Build 23021201) / February 14, 2023 (2023-02-14)
Written in	C++ (back-end), Objective-C (API/UI)
Operating system	macOS 11 or later
Available in	26 languages
show List of languages English, Arabic, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian Bokmål, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish
Type	Presentation program
License	Proprietary commercial software

Microsoft PowerPoint for iOS

Developer(s)	Microsoft Corporation
Stable release	2.73 / May 15, 2023 (2023-05-15)
Operating system	iOS 15 or later IPadOS 15 or later watchOS 8 or later
Available in	33 languages
show List of languages English, Arabic, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian Bokmål, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese
Type	Presentation program
License	Proprietary commercial software
Website	products.office.com/en-us/powerpoint

PowerPoint Mobile for Windows 10

Developer(s)	Microsoft
Final release	16002.12325.20032.0 / December 10, 2019 (2019-12-10)
Operating system	Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile
Type	Presentation program
License	Trialware
Website	www.microsoft.com/store/productid/9WZDNCRFJB5Q

Microsoft PowerPoint — программа для презентаций , созданный Робертом Гаскинсом , Томом Радкиным и Деннисом Остином в компании-разработчике программного обеспечения Fore Thought, Inc. Он был выпущен 20 апреля 1987 года. изначально только для компьютеров Macintosh . Microsoft приобрела PowerPoint примерно за 14 миллионов долларов через три месяца после его появления. Это было первое значительное приобретение Microsoft. и Microsoft открыли новое подразделение PowerPoint в Кремниевой долине , где располагалась Fore Thought.

PowerPoint стал компонентом пакета Microsoft Office , впервые предложенного в 1989 году для Macintosh. и в 1990 году для Windows , который включал в себя несколько приложений Microsoft. Начиная с версии PowerPoint 4.0 (1994 г.), PowerPoint был интегрирован в разработку Microsoft Office и принял общие общие компоненты и конвергентный пользовательский интерфейс.

PowerPoint's market share was very small at first, prior to introducing a version for Microsoft Windows, but grew rapidly with the growth of Windows and of Office. Since the late 1990s, PowerPoint's worldwide market share of presentation software has been estimated at 95 percent.

PowerPoint was originally designed to provide visuals for group presentations within business organizations, but has come to be widely used in other communication situations in business and beyond. The wider use led to the development of the PowerPoint presentation as a new form of communication, with strong reactions including advice that it should be used less, differently, or better.

The first PowerPoint version (Macintosh 1987) was used to produce overhead transparencies, the second (Macintosh 1988, Windows 1990) could also produce color 35 mm slides. The third version (Windows and Macintosh 1992) introduced video output of virtual slideshows to digital projectors, which would over time replace physical transparencies and slides. A dozen major versions since then have added additional features and modes of operation and have made PowerPoint available beyond Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows, adding versions for iOS, Android, and web access.

History

Creation at Forethought (1984–1987)

PowerPoint was created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin at a software startup in Silicon Valley named Forethought, Inc. Forethought had been founded in 1983 to create an integrated environment and applications for future personal computers that would provide a graphical user interface, but it had run into difficulties requiring a "restart" and new plan.

On July 5, 1984, Forethought hired Robert Gaskins as its vice president of product development to create a new application that would be especially suited to the new graphical personal computers, such as the Apple Macintosh and later Microsoft Windows. Gaskins produced his initial description of PowerPoint about a month later (August 14, 1984) in the form of a 2-page document titled "Presentation Graphics for Overhead Projection." By October 1984, Gaskins had selected Dennis Austin to be the developer for PowerPoint. Gaskins and Austin worked together on the definition and design of the new product for nearly a year, and produced the first specification document dated August 21, 1985. This first design document showed a product as it would look in Microsoft Windows 1.0, which at that time had not been released.

Development from that spec was begun by Austin in November 1985, for Macintosh first. About six months later, on May 1, 1986, Gaskins and Austin chose a second developer to join the project, Thomas Rudkin. Gaskins prepared two final product specification marketing documents in June 1986; these described a product for both Macintosh and Windows. At about the same time, Austin, Rudkin, and Gaskins produced a second and final major design specification document, this time showing a Macintosh look.

Throughout this development period, the product was called "Presenter". Then, just before release, there was a last-minute check with Forethought's lawyers to register the name as a trademark, and "Presenter" was unexpectedly rejected because it had already been used by someone else. Gaskins says that he thought of "PowerPoint", based on the product's goal of "empowering" individual presenters, and sent that name to the lawyers for clearance, while all the documentation was hastily revised.

Funding to complete development of PowerPoint was assured in mid-January 1987, when a new Apple Computer venture capital fund, called Apple's Strategic Investment Group, selected PowerPoint to be its first investment. A month later, on February 22, 1987, Forethought announced PowerPoint at the Personal Computer Forum in Phoenix; John Sculley, the CEO of Apple, appeared at the announcement and said "We see desktop presentation as potentially a bigger market for Apple than desktop publishing."

PowerPoint 1.0 for Macintosh shipped from manufacturing on April 20, 1987, and the first production run of 10,000 units was sold out.

Acquisition by Microsoft (1987–1992)

By early 1987, Microsoft was starting to plan a new application to create presentations, an activity led by Jeff Raikes, who was head of marketing for the Applications Division. Microsoft assigned an internal group to write a specification and plan for a new presentation product. They contemplated an acquisition to speed up development, and in early 1987 Microsoft sent a letter of intent to acquire Dave Winer's product called MORE, an outlining program that could print its outlines as bullet charts. During this preparatory activity Raikes discovered that a program specifically to make overhead presentations was already being developed by Forethought, Inc., and that it was nearly completed. Raikes and others visited Forethought on February 6, 1987, for a confidential demonstration.

Raikes later recounted his reaction to seeing PowerPoint and his report about it to Bill Gates, who was initially skeptical:

I thought, "software to do overheads—that's a great idea." I came back to see Bill. I said, "Bill, I think we really ought to do this;" and Bill said, "No, no, no, no, no, that's just a feature of Microsoft Word, just put it into Word." ... And I kept saying, "Bill, no, it's not just a feature of Microsoft Word, it's a whole genre of how people do these presentations." And, to his credit, he listened to me and ultimately allowed me to go forward and ... buy this company in Silicon Valley called Forethought, for the product known as PowerPoint.

When PowerPoint was released by Forethought, its initial press was favorable; the Wall Street Journal reported on early reactions: "'I see about one product a year I get this excited about,' says Amy hora, a consultant in Bala Cynwyd, Pa. 'People will buy a Macintosh just to get access to this product.'"

On April 28, 1987, a week after shipment, a group of Microsoft's senior executives spent another day at Forethought to hear about initial PowerPoint sales on Macintosh and plans for Windows. The following day, Microsoft sent a letter to Dave Winer withdrawing its earlier letter of intent to acquire his company, and in mid-May 1987 Microsoft sent a letter of intent to acquire Forethought. As requested in that letter of intent, Robert Gaskins from Forethought went to Redmond for a one-on-one meeting with Bill Gates in early June 1987, and by the end of July an agreement was concluded for an acquisition. The New York Times reported:

... July 30, 1987— The Microsoft Corporation announced its first significant software acquisition today, paying $14 million [$37.5 million in present-day terms] for Forethought Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif. Forethought makes a program called PowerPoint that allows users of Apple Macintosh computers to make overhead transparencies or flip charts. ... [T]he acquisition of Forethought is the first significant one for Microsoft, which is based in Redmond, Wash. Forethought would remain in Sunnyvale, giving Microsoft a Silicon Valley presence. The unit will be headed by Robert Gaskins, Forethought's vice president of product development.

Microsoft's president Jon Shirley offered Microsoft's motivation for the acquisition: "'We made this deal primarily because of our belief in desktop presentations as a product category. ... Forethought was first to market with a product in this category.'"

Microsoft set up within its Applications Division, an independent "Graphics Business Unit" to develop and market PowerPoint, the first Microsoft application group distant from the main Redmond location. All the PowerPoint people from Forethought joined Microsoft, and the new location was headed by Robert Gaskins, with Dennis Austin and Thomas Rudkin leading development. PowerPoint 1.0 for Macintosh was modified to indicate the new Microsoft ownership and continued to be sold.

A new PowerPoint 2.0 for Macintosh, adding color 35 mm slides, appeared by mid-1988, and again received good reviews. The same PowerPoint 2.0 product re-developed for Windows was shipped two years later, in mid-1990, at the same time as Windows 3.0. Much of the color technology was the fruit of a joint development partnership with Genigraphics, at that time the dominant presentation services company.

PowerPoint 3.0, which was shipped in 1992 for both Windows and Mac, added live video for projectors and monitors, with the result that PowerPoint was thereafter used for delivering presentations as well as for preparing them. This was at first an alternative to overhead transparencies and 35 mm slides, but over time would come to replace them.

Part of Microsoft Office (since 1993)

See also: History of Microsoft Office

PowerPoint had been included in Microsoft Office from the beginning. PowerPoint 2.0 for Macintosh was part of the first Office bundle for Macintosh which was offered in mid-1989. When PowerPoint 2.0 for Windows appeared, a year later, it was part of a similar Office bundle for Windows, which was offered in late 1990. Both of these were bundling promotions, in which the independent applications were packaged together and offered for a lower total price.

PowerPoint 3.0 (1992) was again separately specified and developed, and was advertised and sold separately from Office. It was, as before, included in Microsoft Office 3.0, both for Windows and the corresponding version for Macintosh.

A plan to integrate the applications themselves more tightly had been indicated as early as February 1991, toward the end of PowerPoint 3.0 development, in an internal memo by Bill Gates:

Another important question is what portion of our applications sales over time will be a set of applications versus a single product. ... Please assume that we stay ahead in integrating our family together in evaluating our future strategies—the product teams WILL deliver on this. ... I believe that we should position the "OFFICE" as our most important application.

The move from bundling separate products to integrated development began with PowerPoint 4.0, developed in 1993–1994 under new management from Redmond. The PowerPoint group in Silicon Valley was reorganized from the independent "Graphics Business Unit" (GBU) to become the "Graphics Product Unit" (GPU) for Office, and PowerPoint 4.0 changed to adopt a converged user interface and other components shared with the other apps in Office.

When it was released, the computer press reported on the change approvingly: "PowerPoint 4.0 has been re-engineered from the ground up to resemble and work with the latest applications in Office: Word 6.0, Excel 5.0, and Access 2.0. The integration is so good, you'll have to look twice to make sure you're running PowerPoint and not Word or Excel." Office integration was further underscored in the following version, PowerPoint 95, which was given the version number PowerPoint 7.0 (skipping 5.0 and 6.0) so that all the components of Office would share the same major version number.

Although PowerPoint by this point had become part of the integrated Microsoft Office product, its development remained in Silicon Valley. Succeeding versions of PowerPoint introduced important changes, particularly version 12.0 (2007) which had a very different shared Office "ribbon" user interface, and a new shared Office XML-based file format. This marked the 20th anniversary of PowerPoint, and Microsoft held an event to commemorate that anniversary at its Silicon Valley Campus for the PowerPoint team there. Special guests were Robert Gaskins, Dennis Austin, and Thomas Rudkin, and the featured speaker was Jeff Raikes, all from PowerPoint 1.0 days, 20 years before.

Since then major development of PowerPoint as part of Office has continued. New development techniques (shared across Office) for PowerPoint 2016 have made it possible to ship versions of PowerPoint 2016 for Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, and web access nearly simultaneously, and to release new features on an almost monthly schedule. PowerPoint development is still carried out in Silicon Valley as of 2017.

In 2010, Jeff Raikes, who had most recently been President of the Business Division of Microsoft (including responsibility for Office), observed: "of course, today we know that PowerPoint is oftentimes the number two—or in some cases even the number one—most-used tool" among the applications in Office.

Sales and market share

PowerPoint's initial sales were about 40,000 copies sold in 1987 (nine months), about 85,000 copies in 1988, and about 100,000 copies in 1989, all for Macintosh. PowerPoint's market share in its first three years was a tiny part of the total presentation market, which was very heavily dominated by MS-DOS applications on PCs. The market leaders on MS-DOS in 1988–1989 were Harvard Graphics (introduced by Software Publishing in 1986) in first place, and Lotus Freelance Plus (also introduced in 1986) as a strong second. They were competing with more than a dozen other MS-DOS presentation products, and Microsoft did not develop a PowerPoint version for MS-DOS. After three years, PowerPoint sales were disappointing. Jeff Raikes, who had bought PowerPoint for Microsoft, later recalled: "By 1990, it looked like it wasn't a very smart idea [for Microsoft to have acquired PowerPoint], because not very many people were using PowerPoint."

This began to change when the first version for Windows, PowerPoint 2.0, brought sales up to about 200,000 copies in 1990 and to about 375,000 copies in 1991, with Windows units outselling Macintosh. PowerPoint sold about 1 million copies in 1992, of which about 80 percent were for Windows and about 20 percent for Macintosh, and in 1992 PowerPoint's market share of worldwide presentation graphics software sales was reported as 63 percent. By the last six months of 1992, PowerPoint revenue was running at a rate of over $100 million annually ($268 million in present-day terms).

Sales of PowerPoint 3.0 doubled to about 2 million copies in 1993, of which about 90 percent were for Windows and about 10 percent for Macintosh, and in 1993 PowerPoint's market share of worldwide presentation graphics software sales was reported as 78 percent. In both years, about half of total revenue came from sales outside the U.S.

By 1997 PowerPoint sales had doubled again, to more than 4 million copies annually, representing 85 percent of the world market. Also in 1997, an internal publication from the PowerPoint group said that by then over 20 million copies of PowerPoint were in use, and that total revenues from PowerPoint over its first ten years (1987 to 1996) had already exceeded $1 billion.

Since the late 1990s, PowerPoint's market share of total world presentation software has been estimated at 95 percent by both industry and academic sources.

Operation

The earliest version of PowerPoint (1987 for Macintosh) could be used to print black and white pages to be photocopied onto sheets of transparent film for projection from overhead projectors, and to print speaker's notes and audience handouts; the next version (1988 for Macintosh, 1990 for Windows) was extended to also produce color 35mm slides by communicating a file over a modem to a Genigraphics imaging center with slides returned by overnight delivery for projection from slide projectors. PowerPoint was used for planning and preparing a presentation, but not for delivering it (apart from previewing it on a computer screen, or distributing printed paper copies). The operation of PowerPoint changed substantially in its third version (1992 for Windows and Macintosh), when PowerPoint was extended to also deliver a presentation by producing direct video output to digital projectors or large monitors. In 1992 video projection of presentations was rare and expensive, and practically unknown from a laptop computer. Robert Gaskins, one of the creators of PowerPoint, says he publicly demonstrated that use for the first time at a large Microsoft meeting held in Paris on February 25, 1992, by using an unreleased development build of PowerPoint 3.0 running on an early pre-production sample of a powerful new color laptop and feeding a professional auditorium video projector.

By about 2003, ten years later, digital projection had become the dominant mode of use, replacing transparencies and 35mm slides and their projectors. As a result, the meaning of "PowerPoint presentation" narrowed to mean specifically digital projection:

... in the business lexicon, "PowerPoint presentation" had come to refer to a presentation made using a PowerPoint slideshow projected from a computer. Although the PowerPoint software had been used to generate transparencies for over a decade, this usage was not typically encompassed by a common understanding of the term.

In contemporary operation, PowerPoint is used to create a file (called a "presentation" or "deck") containing a sequence of pages (called "slides" in the app) which usually have a consistent style (from template masters), and which may contain information imported from other apps or created in PowerPoint, including text, bullet lists, tables, charts, drawn shapes, images, audio clips, video clips, animations of elements, and animated transitions between slides, plus attached notes for each slide.

After such a file is created, typical operation is to present it as a slide show using a portable computer, where the presentation file is stored on the computer or available from a network, and the computer's screen shows a "presenter view" with current slide, next slide, speaker's notes for the current slide, and other information. Video is sent from the computer to one or more external digital projectors or monitors, showing only the current slide to the audience, with sequencing controlled by the speaker at the computer. A smartphone remote control built in to PowerPoint for iOS (optionally controlled from Apple Watch) and for Android allows the presenter to control the show from elsewhere in the room.

In addition to a computer slide show projected to a live audience by a speaker, PowerPoint can be used to deliver a presentation in a number of other ways:

• Displayed on the screen of the presentation computer or tablet (for a very small group)
• Printed for distribution as paper documents (in several formats)
• Distributed as files for private viewing, even on computers without PowerPoint
• Packaged for distribution on CD or a network, including linked and embedded data
• Transmitted as a live broadcast presentation over the web
• Embedded in a web page or blog
• Shared on social networks such as Facebook or Twitter
• Set up as a self-running unattended display
• Recorded as video/audio (H.264/AAC), to be distributed as for any other video

Some of these ways of using PowerPoint have been studied by JoAnne Yates and Wanda Orlikowski of the MIT Sloan School of Management:

The standard form of such presentations involves a single person standing before a group of people, talking and using the PowerPoint slideshow to project visual aids onto a screen. ... In practice, however, presentations are not always delivered in this mode. In our studies, we often found that the presenter sat at a table with a small group of people and walked them through a "deck", composed of paper copies of the slides. In some cases, decks were simply distributed to individuals, without even a walk-through or discussion. ... Other variations in the form included sending the PowerPoint file electronically to another site and talking through the slides over an audio or video channel (e.g., telephone or video conference) as both parties viewed the slides. ... Another common variation was placing a PowerPoint file on a web site for people to view at different times.

They found that some of these ways of using PowerPoint could influence the content of presentations, for example when "the slides themselves have to carry more of the substance of the presentation, and thus need considerably more content than they would have if they were intended for projection by a speaker who would orally provide additional details and nuance about content and context."

Other platforms

PowerPoint for mobile

PowerPoint Mobile is included with Windows Mobile 5.0. It is a presentation program capable of reading and editing Microsoft PowerPoint presentations, although authoring abilities are limited to adding notes, editing text, and rearranging slides. It can't create new presentations. Versions of PowerPoint Mobile for Windows Phone 7 can also watch presentation broadcasts streamed from the Internet. In 2015, Microsoft released PowerPoint Mobile for Windows 10 as a universal app. In this version of PowerPoint users can create and edit new presentations, present, and share their PowerPoint documents.

PowerPoint for the web

Further information: Microsoft Office § Office on the web

PowerPoint for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft PowerPoint available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word.

PowerPoint for the web does not support inserting or editing charts, equations, or audio or video stored on your PC, but they are all displayed in the presentation if they were added in using a desktop app. Some elements, like WordArt effects or more advanced animations and transitions, are not displayed at all, although they are preserved in the document. PowerPoint for the web also lacks the Outline, Master, Slide Sorter, and Presenter views present in the desktop app, as well as having limited printing options.

Cultural impact

A PowerPoint presentation in progress

Business uses

PowerPoint was originally targeted just for business presentations. Robert Gaskins, who was responsible for its design, has written about his intended customers: "... I did not target other existing large groups of users of presentations, such as school teachers or military officers. ... I also did not plan to target people who were not existing users of presentations ... such as clergy and school children ... . Our focus was purely on business users, in small and large companies, from one person to the largest multinationals." Business people had for a long time made presentations for sales calls and for internal company communications, and PowerPoint produced the same formats in the same style and for the same purposes.

PowerPoint use in business grew over its first five years (1987–1992) to sales of about 1 million copies annually, for worldwide market share of 63 percent. Over the following five years (1992–1997) PowerPoint sales accelerated, to a rate of about 4 million copies annually, for worldwide market share of 85 percent. The increase in business use has been attributed to "network effects", whereby additional users of PowerPoint in a company or an industry increased its salience and value to other users.

Not everyone immediately approved of the greater use of PowerPoint for presentations, even in business. CEOs who very early were reported to discourage or ban PowerPoint presentations at internal business meetings included Lou Gerstner (at IBM, in 1993), Scott McNealy (at Sun Microsystems, in 1996), and Steve Jobs (at Apple, in 1997). But even so, Rich Gold, a scholar who studied corporate presentation use at Xerox PARC, could write in 1999: "Within today's corporation, if you want to communicate an idea ... you use PowerPoint."

Uses beyond business

At the same time that PowerPoint was becoming dominant in business settings, it was also being adopted for uses beyond business: "Personal computing ... scaled up the production of presentations. ... The result has been the rise of presentation culture. In an information society, nearly everyone presents."

In 1998, at about the same time that Gold was pronouncing PowerPoint's ubiquity in business, the influential Bell Labs engineer Robert W. Lucky could already write about broader uses:

... the world has run amok with the giddy power of presentation graphics. A new language is in the air, and it is codified in PowerPoint. ... In a family discussion about what to do on a given evening, for example, I feel like pulling out my laptop and giving a Vugraph presentation... In church, I am surprised that the preachers haven't caught on yet. ... How have we gotten on so long without PowerPoint?

Over a decade or so, beginning in the mid 1990s, PowerPoint began to be used in many communication situations, well beyond its original business presentation uses, to include teaching in schools and in universities, lecturing in scientific meetings (and preparing their related poster sessions), worshipping in churches, making legal arguments in courtrooms, displaying supertitles in theaters, driving helmet-mounted displays in spacesuits for NASA astronauts, giving military briefings, issuing governmental reports, undertaking diplomatic negotiations, writing novels, giving architectural demonstrations, prototyping website designs, creating animated video games, editing images, creating art projects, and even as a substitute for writing engineering technical reports, and as an organizing tool for writing general business documents.

By 2003, it seemed that PowerPoint was being used everywhere. Julia Keller reported for the Chicago Tribune:

PowerPoint ... is one of the most pervasive and ubiquitous technological tools ever concocted. In less than a decade, it has revolutionized the worlds of business, education, science, and communications, swiftly becoming the standard for just about anybody who wants to explain just about anything to just about anybody else. From corporate middle managers reporting on production goals to 4th-graders fashioning a show-and-tell on the French and Indian War to church pastors explicating the seven deadly sins ... PowerPoint seems poised for world domination.

Cultural reactions

As uses broadened, cultural awareness of PowerPoint grew and commentary about it began to appear. "With the widespread adoption of PowerPoint came complaints ... often very general statements reflecting dissatisfaction with modern media and communication practices as well as the dysfunctions of organizational culture." Indications of this awareness included increasing mentions of PowerPoint use in the Dilbert comic strips of Scott Adams, comic parodies of poor or inappropriate use such as the Gettysburg Address in PowerPoint or summaries of Shakespeare's Hamlet and Nabokov's Lolita in PowerPoint, and a vast number of publications on the general subject of PowerPoint, especially about how to use it.

Out of all the analyses of PowerPoint over a quarter of a century, at least three general themes emerged as categories of reaction to its broader use: (1) "Use it less": avoid PowerPoint in favor of alternatives, such as using more-complex graphics and written prose, or using nothing; (2) "Use it differently": make a major change to a PowerPoint style that is simpler and pictorial, turning the presentation toward a performance, more like a Steve Jobs keynote; and (3) "Use it better": retain much of the conventional PowerPoint style but learn to avoid making many kinds of mistakes that can interfere with communication.

Use it less

See also: Edward Tufte and Anti-PowerPoint Party

An early reaction was that the broader use of PowerPoint was a mistake, and should be reversed. An influential example of this came from Edward Tufte, an authority on information design, who has been a professor of political science, statistics, and computer science at Princeton and Yale, but is best known for his self-published books on data visualization, which have sold nearly 2 million copies as of 2014.

In 2003, he published a widely-read booklet titled The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint, revised in 2006. Tufte found a number of problems with the "cognitive style" of PowerPoint, many of which he attributed to the standard default style templates:

PowerPoint's convenience for some presenters is costly to the content and the audience. These costs arise from the cognitive style characteristics of the standard default PP presentation: foreshortening of evidence and thought, low spatial resolution, an intensely hierarchical single-path structure as the model for organizing every type of content, breaking up narratives and data into slides and minimal fragments, rapid temporal sequencing of thin information rather than focused spatial analysis, conspicuous chartjunk and PP Phluff, branding of slides with logotypes, a preoccupation with format not content, incompetent designs for data graphics and tables, and a smirky commercialism that turns information into a sales pitch and presenters into marketeers [italics in original].

Tufte particularly advised against using PowerPoint for reporting scientific analyses, using as a dramatic example some slides made during the flight of the space shuttle Columbia after it had been damaged by an accident at liftoff, slides which poorly communicated the engineers' limited understanding of what had happened. For such technical presentations, and for most occasions apart from its initial domain of sales presentations, Tufte advised against using PowerPoint at all; in many situations, according to Tufte, it would be better to substitute high-resolution graphics or concise prose documents as handouts for the audience to study and discuss, providing a great deal more detail.

Many commentators enthusiastically joined in Tufte's vivid criticism of PowerPoint uses, and at a conference held in 2013 (a decade after Tufte's booklet appeared) one paper claimed that "Despite all the criticism about his work, Tufte can be considered as the single most influential author in the discourse on PowerPoint. ... While his approach was not rigorous from a research perspective, his articles received wide resonance with the public at large ... ." There were also others who disagreed with Tufte's assertion that the PowerPoint program reduces the quality of presenters' thoughts: Steven Pinker, professor of psychology at MIT and later Harvard, had earlier argued that "If anything, PowerPoint, if used well, would ideally reflect the way we think." Pinker later reinforced this opinion: "Any general opposition to PowerPoint is just dumb, ... It's like denouncing lectures—before there were awful PowerPoint presentations, there were awful scripted lectures, unscripted lectures, slide shows, chalk talks, and so on."

Much of the early commentary, on all sides, was "informal" and "anecdotal", because empirical research had been limited.

Use it differently

See also: Richard E. Mayer and Steve Jobs Keynotes

A second reaction to PowerPoint use was to say that PowerPoint can be used well, but only by substantially changing its style of use. This reaction is exemplified by Richard E. Mayer, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who has studied cognition and learning, particularly the design of educational multimedia, and who has published more than 500 publications, including over 30 books. Mayer's theme has been that "In light of the science, it is up to us to make a fundamental shift in our thinking—we can no longer expect people to struggle to try to adapt to our PowerPoint habits. Instead, we have to change our PowerPoint habits to align with the way people learn."

Tufte had argued his judgment that the information density of text on PowerPoint slides was too low, perhaps only 40 words on a slide, leading to over-simplified messages; Mayer responded that his empirical research showed exactly the opposite, that the amount of text on PowerPoint slides was usually too high, and that even fewer than 40 words on a slide resulted in "PowerPoint overload" that impeded understanding during presentations.

Mayer suggested a few major changes from traditional PowerPoint formats:

• replacing brief slide titles with longer "headlines" expressing complete ideas;
• showing more slides but simpler ones;
• removing almost all text including nearly all bullet lists (reserving the text for the spoken narration);
• using larger, higher-quality, and more important graphics and photographs;
• removing all extraneous decoration, backgrounds, logos and identifications, everything but the essential message.

Mayer's ideas are claimed by Carmine Gallo to have been reflected in Steve Jobs's presentations: "Mayer outlined fundamental principles of multimedia design based on what scientists know about cognitive functioning. Steve Jobs's slides adhere to each of Mayer's principles ... ." Though not unique to Jobs, many people saw the style for the first time in Jobs's famous product introductions. Steve Jobs would have been using Apple's Keynote, which was designed for Jobs's own slide shows beginning in 2003, but Gallo says that "speaking like Jobs has little to do with the type of presentation software you use (PowerPoint, Keynote, etc.) ... all the techniques apply equally to PowerPoint and Keynote." Gallo adds that "Microsoft's PowerPoint has one big advantage over Apple's Keynote presentation software—it's everywhere ... it's safe to say that the number of Keynote presentations is minuscule in comparison with PowerPoint. Although most presentation designers who are familiar with both formats prefer to work in the more elegant Keynote system, those same designers will tell you that the majority of their client work is done in PowerPoint."

Consistent with its association with Steve Jobs's keynotes, a response to this style has been that it is particularly effective for "ballroom-style presentations" (as often given in conference center ballrooms) where a celebrated and practiced speaker addresses a large passive audience, but less appropriate for "conference room-style presentations" which are often recurring internal business meetings for in-depth discussion with motivated counterparts.

Use it better

See also: Stephen Kosslyn

A third reaction to PowerPoint use was to conclude that the standard style is capable of being used well, but that many small points need to be executed carefully, to avoid impeding understanding. This kind of analysis is particularly associated with Stephen Kosslyn, a cognitive neuroscientist who specializes in the psychology of learning and visual communication, and who has been head of the department of psychology at Harvard, has been Director of Stanford's Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and has published some 300 papers and 14 books.

Kosslyn presented a set of psychological principles of "human perception, memory, and comprehension" that "appears to capture the major points of agreement among researchers." He reports that his experiments support the idea that it is not intuitive or obvious how to create effective PowerPoint presentations that conform to those agreed principles, and that even small differences that might not seem significant to a presenter can produce very different results in audiences' understanding. For this reason, Kosslyn says, users need specific education to be able to identify best ways to avoid "flaws and failures":

Specifically, we hypothesized and found that the psychological principles are often violated in PowerPoint slideshows across different fields ..., that some types of presentation flaws are noticeable and annoying to audience members ..., and that observers have difficulty identifying many violations in graphical displays in individual slides ... . These studies converge in painting the following picture: PowerPoint presentations are commonly flawed; some types of flaws are more common than others; flaws are not isolated to one domain or context; and, although some types of flaws annoy the audience, flaws at the level of slide design are not always obvious to an untrained observer ... .

The many "flaws and failures" identified were those "likely to disrupt the comprehension or memory of the material." Among the most common examples were "Bulleted items are not presented individually, growing the list from the top to the bottom," "More than four bulleted items appear in a single list," "More than two lines are used per bulleted sentence," and "Words are not large enough (i.e., greater than 20 point) to be easily seen." Among audience reactions common problems reported were "Speakers read word-for-word from notes or from the slides themselves," "The slides contained too much material to absorb before the next slide was presented," and "The main point was obscured by lots of irrelevant detail."

Kosslyn observes that these findings could help to explain why the many studies of the instructional effectiveness of PowerPoint have been inconclusive and conflicting, if there were differences in the quality of the presentations tested in different studies that went unobserved because "many may feel that 'good design' is intuitively clear."

In 2007 Kosslyn wrote a book about PowerPoint, in which he suggested a very large number of fairly modest changes to PowerPoint styles and gave advice on recommended ways of using PowerPoint. In a later second book about PowerPoint he suggested nearly 150 clarifying style changes (in fewer than 150 pages). Kosslyn summarizes:

... there's nothing fundamentally wrong with the PowerPoint program as a medium; rather, I claim that the problem lies in how it is used. ... In fact, this medium is a remarkably versatile tool that can be extraordinarily effective. ... For many purposes, PowerPoint presentations are a superior medium of communication, which is why they have become standard in so many fields.

In 2017, an online poll of social media users in the UK was reported to show that PowerPoint "remains as popular with young tech-savvy users as it is with the Baby Boomers," with about four out of five saying that "PowerPoint was a great tool for making presentations," in part because "PowerPoint, with its capacity to be highly visual, bridges the wordy world of yesterday with the visual future of tomorrow."

Also in 2017, the Managerial Communication Group of MIT Sloan School of Management polled their incoming MBA students, finding that "results underscore just how differently this generation communicates as compared with older workers." Fewer than half of respondents reported doing any meaningful, longer-form writing at work, and even that minority mostly did so very infrequently, but "85 percent of students named producing presentations as a meaningful part of their job responsibilities. Two-thirds report that they present on a daily or weekly basis—so it's no surprise that in-person presentations is the top skill they hope to improve." One of the researchers concluded: "We're not likely to see future workplaces with long-form writing. The trend is toward presentations and slides, and we don't see any sign of that slowing down."

U.S. military excess

Use of PowerPoint by the U.S. military services began slowly, because they were invested in mainframe computers, MS-DOS PCs and specialized military-specification graphic output devices, all of which PowerPoint did not support. But because of the strong military tradition of presenting briefings, as soon as they acquired the computers needed to run it, PowerPoint became part of the U.S. military.

By 2000, ten years after PowerPoint for Windows appeared, it was already identified as an important feature of U.S. armed forces culture, in a front-page story in the Wall Street Journal:

Old-fashioned slide briefings, designed to update generals on troop movements, have been a staple of the military since World War II. But in only a few short years PowerPoint has altered the landscape. Just as word processing made it easier to produce long, meandering memos, the spread of PowerPoint has unleashed a blizzard of jazzy but often incoherent visuals. Instead of drawing up a dozen slides on a legal pad and running them over to the graphics department, captains and colonels now can create hundreds of slides in a few hours without ever leaving their desks. If the spirit moves them they can build in gunfire sound effects and images that explode like land mines. ... PowerPoint has become such an ingrained part of the defense culture that it has seeped into the military lexicon. "PowerPoint Ranger" is a derogatory term for a desk-bound bureaucrat more adept at making slides than tossing grenades.

U.S. military use of PowerPoint may have influenced its use by armed forces of other countries: "Foreign armed services also are beginning to get in on the act. 'You can't speak with the U.S. military without knowing PowerPoint,' says Margaret Hayes, an instructor at National Defense University in Washington D.C., who teaches Latin American military officers how to use the software."

After another 10 years, in 2010 (and again on its front page) the New York Times reported that PowerPoint use in the military was then "a military tool that has spun out of control":

Like an insurgency, PowerPoint has crept into the daily lives of military commanders and reached the level of near obsession. The amount of time expended on PowerPoint, the Microsoft presentation program of computer-generated charts, graphs and bullet points, has made it a running joke in the Pentagon and in Iraq and Afghanistan. ... Commanders say that behind all the PowerPoint jokes are serious concerns that the program stifles discussion, critical thinking and thoughtful decision-making. Not least, it ties up junior officers ... in the daily preparation of slides, be it for a Joint Staff meeting in Washington or for a platoon leader's pre-mission combat briefing in a remote pocket of Afghanistan.

The New York Times account went on to say that as a result some U.S. generals had banned the use of PowerPoint in their operations:

"PowerPoint makes us stupid," Gen. James N. Mattis of the Marine Corps, the Joint Forces commander, said this month at a military conference in North Carolina. (He spoke without PowerPoint.) Brig. Gen. H. R. McMaster, who banned PowerPoint presentations when he led the successful effort to secure the northern Iraqi city of Tal Afar in 2005, followed up at the same conference by likening PowerPoint to an internal threat. "It's dangerous because it can create the illusion of understanding and the illusion of control," General McMaster said in a telephone interview afterward. "Some problems in the world are not bullet-izable."

Several incidents, about the same time, gave wide currency to discussions by serving military officers describing excessive PowerPoint use and the organizational culture that encouraged it. In response to the New York Times story, Peter Norvig and Stephen M. Kosslyn sent a joint letter to the editor stressing the institutional culture of the military: "... many military personnel bemoan the overuse and misuse of PowerPoint. ... The problem is not in the tool itself, but in the way that people use it—which is partly a result of how institutions promote misuse."

The two generals who had been mentioned in 2010 as opposing the institutional culture of excessive PowerPoint use were both in the news again in 2017, when James N. Mattis became U.S. Secretary of Defense, and H. R. McMaster was appointed as U.S. National Security Advisor.

Artistic medium

Musician David Byrne has been using PowerPoint as a medium for art for years, producing a book and DVD and showing at galleries his PowerPoint-based artwork. Byrne has written: "I have been working with PowerPoint, the ubiquitous presentation software, as an art medium for a number of years. It started off as a joke (this software is a symbol of corporate salesmanship, or lack thereof) but then the work took on a life of its own as I realized I could create pieces that were moving, despite the limitations of the 'medium.'"

In 2005 Byrne toured with a theater piece styled as a PowerPoint presentation. When he presented it in Berkeley, on March 8, 2005, the University of California news service reported: "Byrne also defended [PowerPoint's] appeal as more than just a business tool—as a medium for art and theater. His talk was titled 'I ♥ PowerPoint'. Berkeley alumnus Bob Gaskins and Dennis Austin were in the audience. Eventually, Byrne said, PowerPoint could be the foundation for 'presentational theater,' with roots in Brechtian drama and Asian puppet theater." After that performance, Byrne described it in his own online journal: "Did the PowerPoint talk in Berkeley for an audience of IT legends and academics. I was terrified. The guys that originally turned PowerPoint into a program were there, what were THEY gonna think? ... [Gaskins] did tell me afterwards that he liked the PowerPoint as theater idea, which was a relief."

The expressions "PowerPoint Art" or "pptArt" are used to define a contemporary Italian artistic movement which believes that the corporate world can be a unique and exceptional source of inspiration for the artist. They say: "The pptArt name refers to PowerPoint, the symbolic and abstract language developed by the corporate world which has become a universal and highly symbolic communication system beyond cultures and borders."

The wide use of PowerPoint had, by 2010, given rise to " ... a subculture of PowerPoint enthusiasts [that] is teaching the old application new tricks, and may even be turning a dry presentation format into a full-fledged artistic medium," by using PowerPoint animation to create "games, artworks, anime, and movies."

PowerPoint Viewer

PowerPoint Viewer is the name for a series of small free application programs to be used on computers without PowerPoint installed, to view, project, or print (but not create or edit) presentations.

The first version was introduced with PowerPoint 3.0 in 1992, to enable electronic presentations to be projected using conference-room computers and to be freely distributed; on Windows, it took advantage of the new feature of embedding TrueType fonts within PowerPoint presentation files to make such distribution easier. The same kind of viewer app was shipped with PowerPoint 3.0 for Macintosh, also in 1992.

Beginning with PowerPoint 2003, a feature called "Package for CD" automatically managed all linked video and audio files plus needed fonts when exporting a presentation to a disk or flash drive or network location, and also included a copy of a revised PowerPoint Viewer application so that the result could be presented on other PCs without installing anything.

Последняя версия, работающая в Windows, «была создана совместно с PowerPoint 2010, но ее также можно использовать для просмотра новых презентаций, созданных в PowerPoint 2013 и PowerPoint 2016. ... Все переходы, видео и эффекты отображаются и ведут себя одинаково при просмотре. используя PowerPoint Viewer, как при просмотре в PowerPoint 2010». Он поддерживает презентации, созданные с помощью PowerPoint 97 и более поздних версий. Последней версией, работающей на Macintosh, является PowerPoint 98 Viewer для классической Mac OS и Classic Environment для компьютеров Mac, поддерживающих версии от System 7.5 до Mac OS X Tiger (10.4). Он может открывать презентации только из PowerPoint 3.0, 4.0 и 8.0 (PowerPoint 98), хотя презентации, созданные на Mac, можно открывать в средстве просмотра PowerPoint в Windows.

По состоянию на май 2018 г. , последние версии PowerPoint Viewer для всех платформ прекращены Microsoft; они больше не доступны для загрузки и больше не получают обновлений безопасности. Последняя версия программы просмотра PowerPoint для Windows (2010 г.) и последняя версия PowerPoint Viewer для классической Mac OS (1998 г.) доступны только из архивов. Рекомендуемая замена средства просмотра PowerPoint: «На компьютерах с Windows 10 загрузите бесплатное приложение PowerPoint Mobile из Магазина Windows». и «На компьютерах с Windows 7 или Windows 8/8.1 загрузите файл в OneDrive и бесплатно просмотрите его с помощью… PowerPoint Online».

Версии

Легенда:	Старая версия, не поддерживается	Старая версия, все еще поддерживается	Текущая стабильная версия	Последняя предварительная версия	Future release

История выпусков PowerPoint

Дата	Имя	Версия	Система	Комментарии
апрель 1987 г.	Силовая установка	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 1.0.	Макинтош	Отправлено компанией Fore Thought, Inc.
Октябрь 1987 г.	Силовая установка	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 1.01.	Макинтош	Перемаркировано и отправлено Microsoft.
май 1988 г.	Силовая установка	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 2.0.	Макинтош
декабрь 1988 г.	Силовая установка	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 2.01.	Макинтош	Добавлено программное обеспечение и услуги Genigraphics.
май 1990 г.	Силовая установка	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 2.0.	Окна	Анонсирован вместе с Windows 3.0, номер соответствует современной версии для Macintosh.
май 1992 г.	Силовая установка	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 3.0.	Окна	Анонсировано вместе с Windows 3.1
сентябрь 1992 г.	Силовая установка	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 3.0.	Макинтош
февраль 1994 г.	Силовая установка	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 4.0.	Окна
Октябрь 1994 г.	Силовая установка	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 4.0.	Макинтош	Родной для Power Mac
июль 1995 г.	PowerPoint 95	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 7.0.	Окна	Версии 5.0 и 6.0 были пропущены в Windows, поэтому все приложения в Office 95 были версии 7.0.
Январь 1997 г.	PowerPoint 97	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 8.0.	Окна	Поддержка закончилась 28 февраля 2002 г.
март 1998 г.	PowerPoint 98	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 8.0.	Макинтош	Версии 5.0, 6.0 и 7.0 были пропущены на Macintosh, чтобы соответствовать Windows.
июнь 1999 г.	PowerPoint 2000	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 9.0.	Окна	Поддержка закончилась 14 июля 2009 г.
август 2000 г.	PowerPoint 2001	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 9.0.	Макинтош
май 2001 г.	PowerPoint XP	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 10.0.	Окна	Поддержка закончилась 12 июля 2011 г.
ноябрь 2001 г.	PowerPoint версии X	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 10.0.	Макинтош
октябрь 2003 г.	PowerPoint 2003	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 11.0.	Окна	Поддержка закончилась 8 апреля 2014 г.
июнь 2004 г.	PowerPoint 2004	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 11.0.	Макинтош
май 2005 г.	PowerPoint для мобильных устройств	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 11.0.	Windows Мобильная 5
январь 2007 г.	PowerPoint 2007	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 12.0.	Окна	Окончание поддержки 10 октября 2017 г.
сентябрь 2007 г.	PowerPoint для мобильных устройств	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 12.0.	Windows Мобильная 6
Январь 2008 г.	PowerPoint 2008	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 12.0.	Макинтош
июнь 2010 г.	PowerPoint 2010	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 14.0.	Окна	Версия 13.0 была пропущена из-за опасений трискайдекафобии . Поддержка закончилась 13 октября 2020 г.
июнь 2010 г.	Веб-приложение PowerPoint 2010	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 14.0.	Интернет
июнь 2010 г.	PowerPoint для мобильных устройств 2010	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 14.0.	Windows Телефон 7
ноябрь 2010 г.	PowerPoint 2011	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 14.0.	Макинтош	Версия 13.0 была пропущена из-за трискайдекафобии. опасений Окончание поддержки 10 октября 2017 г.
апрель 2012 г.	PowerPoint для мобильных устройств 2010	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 14.0.	Нокиа Симбиан
Октябрь 2012 г.	Веб-приложение PowerPoint 2013	Старая версия, но все еще поддерживается: 15.0.	Интернет
ноябрь 2012 г.	PowerPoint для мобильных устройств 2013	Старая версия, больше не поддерживается: 15.0.	Windows Телефон 8
ноябрь 2012 г.	PowerPoint РТ 2013	Старая версия, но все еще поддерживается: 15.0.	Windows РТ
Январь 2013 г.	PowerPoint 2013	Старая версия, но все еще поддерживается: 15.0.	Окна
июнь 2013 г.	PowerPoint Mobile 2013 для iPhone	Старая версия, но все еще поддерживается: 15.0.	айфон
июль 2013 г.	PowerPoint Mobile 2013 для Android	Старая версия, но все еще поддерживается: 15.0.	Андроид
февраль 2014 г.	PowerPoint 2013 онлайн	Старая версия, но все еще поддерживается: 15.0.	Интернет
Март 2014 г.	PowerPoint 2013 для iPad	Старая версия, но все еще поддерживается: 15.0.	iPad
ноябрь 2014 г.	PowerPoint Mobile 2013 для iOS	Старая версия, но все еще поддерживается: 15.0.	iOS
июнь 2015 г.	PowerPoint Mobile 2016 для Android	Текущая стабильная версия: 16.0.	Андроид
июль 2015 г.	PowerPoint 2016 для Macintosh	Текущая стабильная версия: 16.0.	Макинтош	PowerPoint 2013 для Mac не существовало. Была версия 15.0 с июля 2015 по январь 2018.
июль 2015 г.	PowerPoint для мобильных устройств 2016	Текущая стабильная версия: 16.0.	Windows 10 Мобильная
июль 2015 г.	PowerPoint Mobile 2016 для iOS	Текущая стабильная версия: 16.0.	iOS
Сентябрь 2015 г.	PowerPoint 2016 для Windows	Текущая стабильная версия: 16.0.	Окна
январь 2018 г.	PowerPoint 2016 для Магазина Windows	Текущая стабильная версия: 16.0.	Окна
2018	PowerPoint 2019	Текущая стабильная версия: 16.0.	Windows и другие ОС	Эта и последующие версии (PowerPoint 2021 и Office 365 PowerPoint) имеют внутреннюю версию 16.0.
Дата	Имя	Версия	Система	Комментарии

Значок PowerPoint для Mac 2008

Microsoft PowerPoint для Mac 2011 г.

PowerPoint 1.0

Для Macintosh: апрель 1987 г.

Инновации включали: несколько слайдов в одном файле, организацию слайдов с помощью сортировщика слайдов и просмотра заголовка (предшественник режима структуры), страницы заметок докладчиков, прикрепленные к каждому слайду, печать раздаточных материалов для аудитории с несколькими слайдами на странице, текст с структурой. стили и полное форматирование текстового процессора, графические фигуры с прикрепленным текстом для рисования диаграмм и таблиц. В комплект поставки также входит книга в твердом переплете в качестве руководства.

«Он создавал прозрачные пленки на черно-белом Macintosh для лазерной печати. ​​Теперь докладчики могли напрямую контролировать свои собственные накладные расходы, и им больше не приходилось работать через человека с пишущей машинкой. PowerPoint справился с задачей сделать все накладные изображения одинаковыми. ; одно изменение переформатировало их все. Типографские шрифты были лучше, чем печатные буквы Orator, а диаграммы и диаграммы можно было импортировать из MacDraw, MacPaint и Excel благодаря новому буферу обмена Mac».

Системные требования: (Mac) Оригинальный Macintosh или более поздняя версия, система 1.0 или более поздняя версия, 512 КБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 2.0

Для Macintosh: май 1988 г.; для Windows: май 1990 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Mac и Microsoft Office для Windows . В число нововведений вошли: цвет, дополнительные функции обработки текста, поиск и замена, проверка орфографии, цветовые схемы для презентаций, руководство по выбору цвета, возможность ретроспективного изменения цветовой схемы, затененная окраска заливок.

«Оно добавляло цветные 35-миллиметровые слайды и передавало полученный файл через модем в Genigraphics для визуализации на пленкосъемочных устройствах Genigraphics и обработки фотографий в лабораториях Genigraphics в одночасье. Genigraphics была ведущим бюро профессиональных услуг, разработавшим собственную Digital Equipment Corp. PDP. Компьютерные системы на базе -11 для своих художников. Однако через некоторое время Genigraphics сама перешла на PowerPoint».

Системные требования: (Mac) Оригинальный Macintosh или более поздняя версия, система 4.1 или более поздняя версия, 1 МБ ОЗУ. (Windows) ПК 286 или выше, Windows 3.0, 1 МБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 3.0

Для Windows, май 1992 г.; для Mac: сентябрь 1992 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows 3.0 и Microsoft Office для Mac 3.0 . Среди нововведений: первое приложение, разработанное исключительно для новой платформы Windows 3.1, полная поддержка шрифтов TrueType (новинка в Windows 3.1), шаблоны презентаций, редактирование в режиме структуры, новый рисунок, включая инструмент произвольной формы, автофигуры, переворот, поворот, масштабирование, выравнивание и преобразование импортированных изображений в их примитивы рисования, чтобы сделать их редактируемыми, переходы между слайдами в слайд-шоу, прогрессивные сборки, включение звука и видео. Анимации включали «летящие пули», когда точки маркеров «вылетали» на слайд одна за другой, а также была включена некоторая поддержка Pen Computing.

«Он добавил видеовыход для подачи на новые видеопроекторы с эффектами, которые могли бы заменить блок синхронизированных слайд-проекторов. В этой версии добавлены затухания, растворения и другие переходы, а также анимация текста и изображений, и она может включать видеоклипы. с синхронизированным звуком».

Системные требования: (Windows) ПК 286 или выше, Windows 3.1, 2 МБ ОЗУ. (Mac) Macintosh Plus или выше, System 7 или выше, 4 МБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 4.0

Для Windows: февраль 1994 г.; для Mac: октябрь 1994 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows 4.0 и Microsoft Office для Mac 4.2 . Среди нововведений: автомакеты, таблицы Word, режим репетиции, скрытые слайды и «Мастер автосодержания».

Представлен стандартный внешний вид Microsoft Office (совместно с Word и Excel) со строкой состояния, панелями инструментов и подсказками. Полная версия OLE 2.0 с возможностью активации на месте.

Системные требования: (Windows) ПК 386 или выше, Windows 3.1, 8 МБ ОЗУ. (Mac) 68020 Mac или выше, System 7 или выше, 8 МБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 7.0

Для Windows: июль 1995 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows 95 . Среди нововведений: новые анимационные эффекты, настоящие кривые и текстуры, черно-белое изображение, автозамена, вставка символа, функции поддержки собраний, такие как «Meeting Minder».

«Полная переработка продукта с нуля на C++, полная объектная модель с внутренней программируемостью VBA ».

Системные требования: (Windows) ПК 386 DX или выше, Windows 95, 6 МБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 8.0

Для Windows: январь 1997 г.; для Mac: март 1998 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows 97 и Microsoft Office 98 Macintosh Edition . Среди нововведений: «Офисный помощник», сжатие файлов, сохранение в HTML, «Pack and Go», «AutoClipArt», прозрачные GIF-файлы.

Системные требования: (Windows) ПК 486 или выше, 8 МБ ОЗУ. (Mac) PowerPC Mac или лучше, 16 МБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 9.0

Для Windows: июнь 1999 г.; для Mac: август 2000 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows 2000 и Microsoft Office для Mac 2001 . Среди нововведений: трехпанельный просмотр «браузера» (выбираемый список миниатюр или заголовков слайдов, большой одиночный слайд, заметки), автоподбор текста, настоящие таблицы, конференц-связь с презентациями, сохранение в Интернете, маркеры изображений, анимированные GIF-файлы, псевдонимы шрифтов.

Системные требования: (Windows) Pentium 75 МГц+, Windows 95 или выше, 20 МБ ОЗУ. (Mac) PowerPC Mac 120 МГц+ или выше, MacOS 8.5 или выше, минимум 48 МБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 10.0

Для Windows: май 2001 г.; для Mac: ноябрь 2001 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows XP и Microsoft Office для Mac vX . Среди нововведений: установка из Интернета, большая часть клипартов в Интернете, использование Exchange и SharePoint для хранения и совместной работы.

Системные требования: (Windows) Pentium III, Windows 98 или выше, 40 МБ ОЗУ. (Mac) OS X 10.1 («Puma») или новее (не работает под OS 9).

PowerPoint 11.0

Для Windows: октябрь 2003 г.; для Mac: июнь 2004 г.; для мобильных устройств: май 2005 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows 2003 и Microsoft Office для Mac 2004 . Среди нововведений: инструменты, видимые докладчику во время показа слайдов (заметки, миниатюры, таймер, изменение порядка и редактирование слайдов), «Пакет для компакт-диска» для записи презентаций и приложение для просмотра на компакт-диск. «Microsoft Producer for PowerPoint 2003» представлял собой бесплатный плагин от Microsoft, использующий видеокамеру, «который создает презентации веб-страниц с повествованием говорящей головы, скоординированные и синхронизированные с вашей существующей презентацией PowerPoint» для доставки через Интернет. Программное обеспечение Genigraphics для отправки презентаций в виде слайдов размером 35 мм было удалено из этой версии.

Системные требования: (Windows) Pentium 233 МГц+, Windows 2000 с SP3 или новее, 128 МБ ОЗУ. (Mac) Power Mac G3 или более поздняя версия, OS X 10.2.8 или более поздняя версия, 256 МБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 12.0

Для Windows: январь 2007 г.; для мобильных устройств: сентябрь 2007 г.; для Mac: январь 2008 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows 2007 и Microsoft Office для Mac 2008 . Инновации включали: новый пользовательский интерфейс («Office Fluent»), в котором используется сменная «лента» инструментов сверху для замены меню и панелей инструментов, графика SmartArt, множество графических улучшений в тексте и рисунках, улучшенный «Вид докладчика» (с 2003 г.), широкоэкранные форматы слайдов. «Мастер автосодержания» был удален из этой версии.

Основным изменением в PowerPoint 2007 стал переход от двоичного формата файлов, использовавшегося с 1997 по 2003 год, к новому формату файлов XML, который развивался в последующих версиях.

Системные требования: (Windows) процессор 500 МГц или выше, Windows XP с пакетом обновления 2 или более поздней версии, 256 МБ ОЗУ. (Mac) Процессор 500 МГц или выше, MacOS X 10.4.9 или новее, 512 МБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 14.0

Для Windows: июнь 2010 г.; для Интернета: июнь 2010 г.; для мобильных устройств: июнь 2010 г.; для Mac: ноябрь 2010 г., для Symbian: апрель 2012 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows 2010 и Microsoft Office для Mac 2011 . Среди нововведений: интерфейс единого документа (SDI), разделы в презентациях, режим чтения, обновленный дизайн функций «Backstage» (в меню «Файл»), сохранение как видео, вставка видео из Интернета, встраивание видео и аудио, улучшенное редактирование видео и изображений. , трансляция слайд-шоу.

Системные требования: (Windows) процессор 500 МГц или выше, Windows XP с SP3 или новее, 256 МБ ОЗУ, для видео рекомендуется 512 МБ ОЗУ. (Mac) Процессор Intel, Mac OS X 10.5.8 или новее, 1 ГБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 15.0

Для Интернета: октябрь 2012 г.; для мобильных устройств: ноябрь 2012 г.; для Windows RT: ноябрь 2012 г.; для Windows: январь 2013 г.; для iPhone: июнь 2013 г.; для Android: июль 2013 г.; для Интернета: февраль 2014 г.; для iPad: март 2014 г.; для iOS: ноябрь 2014 г.; для Mac: июль 2015 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows 2013 и Microsoft Office для Mac 2016 . Среди нововведений: изменение формы слайда по умолчанию на соотношение сторон 16:9, совместная работа нескольких авторов в режиме онлайн, пользовательский интерфейс, переработанный для мультисенсорных экранов, улучшенное аудио, видео, анимация и переходы, дальнейшие изменения в режиме докладчика. Коллекции клипартов (и инструмент вставки) были удалены, но доступны в Интернете.  

Системные требования: (Windows) процессор с частотой 1 ГГц или выше, процессор x86 или x64 с набором инструкций SSE2, Windows 7 или более поздняя версия, 1 ГБ ОЗУ (32-разрядная версия), 2 ГБ ОЗУ (64-разрядная версия). (Mac) Процессор Intel, Mac OS X 10.10 или новее, 4 ГБ ОЗУ.

PowerPoint 16.0

Для Android: июнь 2015 г.; для мобильных устройств: июль 2015 г.; для iOS: июль 2015 г.; для Windows: сентябрь 2015 г.; и Магазин Windows: январь 2018 г.

Часть Microsoft Office для Windows 2016 . Среди нововведений: «Скажите мне» для поиска элементов управления программой, панель «PowerPoint Designer», переход «Трансформация», совместная работа в реальном времени, «Масштабирование» слайдов или разделов в слайд-шоу. и «Переводчик презентаций» для перевода произнесенных слов докладчика в режиме реального времени в субтитры на экране на любом из более чем 60 языков, при этом система анализирует текст презентации PowerPoint как контекст для повышения точности и релевантности переводов.  

Системные требования: (Windows) процессор с тактовой частотой 1 ГГц или выше, процессор x86 или x64 с набором инструкций SSE2, Windows 7 с SP 1 или более поздней версии, 2 ГБ ОЗУ.

Форматы файлов

Презентация PowerPoint

Расширения имен файлов	.pptx, .ppt
Тип интернет-СМИ	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
Единый идентификатор типа (UTI)	com.microsoft.powerpoint.ppt
Разработано	Майкрософт
Тип формата	Презентация

Двоичный (1987–2007)

Ранние версии PowerPoint, с 1987 по 1995 год (версии с 1.0 по 7.0), развивались через последовательность форматов двоичных файлов, различающихся в каждой версии по мере добавления функциональности. Этот набор форматов никогда не документировался, но для их чтения существует библиотека libmwaw с открытым исходным кодом (используемая LibreOffice ).

Стабильный двоичный формат (называемый файлом .ppt, как и все более ранние двоичные форматы), который использовался по умолчанию в версиях PowerPoint 97–2003 для Windows и в версиях PowerPoint 98–2004 для Mac (то есть в версиях PowerPoint от 8.0 до 11.0) был наконец создан. Он был основан на двоичном формате составного файла . Документ спецификации активно поддерживается и может быть свободно загружен. потому что, хотя этот двоичный формат больше не используется по умолчанию, его можно читать и записывать в некоторых более поздних версиях PowerPoint, включая текущую версию PowerPoint 2016. После принятия стабильного двоичного формата версии PowerPoint продолжали читать и записывать форматы файлов, отличные от более ранних версий. Но начиная с PowerPoint 2007 и PowerPoint 2008 для Mac (PowerPoint версии 12.0) это был единственный двоичный формат, доступный для сохранения; PowerPoint 2007 (версия 12.0) больше не поддерживает сохранение в форматах двоичных файлов, использовавшихся ранее, чем PowerPoint 97 (версия 8.0), десять лет назад.

Расширения файлов «.pps» и «.ppsx» технически аналогичны «.ppt» и «.pptx», за исключением того, что по умолчанию они запускаются как презентация, а не для редактирования.

двоичных файлов Расширения

• .ppt, двоичная презентация PowerPoint 97–2003.
• .pps, двоичное слайд-шоу PowerPoint 97–2003.
• .pot, двоичный шаблон PowerPoint 97–2003

Бинарные типы носителей

• .ppt, приложение/vnd.ms-powerpoint
• .pps, приложение/vnd.ms-powerpoint
• .pot, приложение/vnd.ms-powerpoint

Office Open XML (с 2007 г.)

Большим изменением в PowerPoint 2007 и PowerPoint 2008 для Mac (PowerPoint версии 12.0) было то, что стабильный формат двоичных файлов 97–2003 был заменен по умолчанию новым сжатым XML на основе форматом Office Open XML (файлы .pptx). Объяснение Microsoft преимуществ этого изменения включало: меньшие размеры файлов, до 75% меньше, чем у сопоставимых двоичных документов; безопасность благодаря возможности идентифицировать и исключать исполняемые макросы и персональные данные; меньше шансов быть поврежденными, чем у двоичных форматов; и упрощение взаимодействия при обмене данными между Microsoft и другими бизнес-приложениями при сохранении обратной совместимости.

XML Расширения имен файлов

• .pptx, XML-презентация PowerPoint 2007.
• .pptm, XML-презентация PowerPoint 2007 с поддержкой макросов
• .ppsx, XML-слайд-шоу PowerPoint 2007
• .ppsm, слайд-шоу PowerPoint 2007 XML с поддержкой макросов
• .ppam, XML-надстройка PowerPoint 2007.
• .potx, XML-шаблон PowerPoint 2007.
• .potm, XML-шаблон PowerPoint 2007 с поддержкой макросов

XML- типы мультимедиа

• .pptx, приложение/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
• .pptm, приложение/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroEnabled.12
• .ppsx, application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow
• .ppsm, приложение/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroEnabled.12
• .ppam, приложение/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroEnabled.12
• .potx, приложение/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template
• .potm, приложение/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroEnabled.12

Спецификация нового формата была опубликована как стандарт открытый ECMA-376 . через Международный технический комитет Ecma 45 (TC45). Стандарт Ecma 376 был одобрен в декабре 2006 года и представлен на стандартизацию через ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 WG4 в начале 2007 года. Процесс стандартизации был спорным. Он был утвержден как ISO/IEC 29500 в начале 2008 года. Копии стандартных спецификаций ISO/IEC находятся в свободном доступе в двух частях. Они определяют два связанных стандарта, известных как «Переходный» и «Строгий». Эти два стандарта были постепенно приняты в PowerPoint: PowerPoint версии 12.0 (2007, 2008 для Mac) мог читать и писать в переходном формате, но не мог ни читать, ни писать в строгом формате. PowerPoint версии 14.0 (2010, 2011 для Mac) мог читать и писать в переходном режиме, а также читать, но не писать в строгом. PowerPoint версии 15.0 и более поздних версий (начиная с 2013 г., 2016 г. для Mac) может читать и записывать как переходные, так и строгие форматы. Причину двух вариантов объяснила Microsoft:

... участники процесса стандартизации ISO/IEC признали две цели с конкурирующими требованиями. Первая цель заключалась в том, чтобы стандарт Open XML предоставил формат файлов на основе XML, который мог бы полностью поддерживать преобразование миллиардов существующих документов Office без какой-либо потери функций, содержимого, текста, макета или другой информации, включая встроенные данные. Во-вторых, нужно было указать формат файла, который не опирался на типы данных, специфичные для Microsoft. Они создали два варианта Open XML — переходный, который поддерживает ранее определенные типы данных, специфичные для Microsoft, и строгий, который не полагается на них. Предыдущие версии Office [то есть 2007] поддерживали чтение и запись Transitional Open XML, а Office 2010 может читать документы Strict Open XML. Благодаря добавлению поддержки записи для Strict Open XML Office 2013 обеспечивает полную поддержку обоих вариантов Open XML.

Формат файла PowerPoint .pptx (называемый « PresentationML » для языка разметки презентаций) содержит отдельные структуры для всех сложных частей презентации PowerPoint. Технические характеристики занимают более шести тысяч страниц. По данным Библиотеки Конгресса США, из-за широкого использования PowerPoint стандартизированные форматы файлов считаются важными для долгосрочного доступа к цифровым документам в библиотечных коллекциях и архивах.

PowerPoint 2013 и PowerPoint 2016 предоставляют возможность установить сохранение по умолчанию в формате ISO/IEC 29500 Strict, но первоначальная настройка по умолчанию остается переходной для совместимости с устаревшими функциями, включающими двоичные данные в существующие документы. PowerPoint 2013 или PowerPoint 2016 будут открывать и сохранять файлы в прежнем двоичном формате (.ppt) для совместимости со старыми версиями программы (но не с версиями старше PowerPoint 97). При сохранении в более старые форматы эти версии PowerPoint проверяют, не добавлены ли в презентацию какие-либо функции, несовместимые со старыми форматами.

PowerPoint 2013 и 2016 также сохраняет презентацию во многих других форматах файлов, включая формат PDF , видео MPEG-4 или WMV , как последовательность файлов с одним изображением (используя форматы изображений, включая GIF , JPEG , PNG , TIFF и некоторые более старые форматы). форматах), так и в виде единого файла презентации, в котором все слайды заменены изображениями. PowerPoint будет открывать и сохранять файлы в формате презентации OpenDocument (ODP) для совместимости.

См. также

• Защита паролем Microsoft Office
• PowerPoint Караоке
• Слайд-шоу через Интернет

Дальнейшее чтение

• Ройсс, Эльке И.; Сигнер, Бит; Норри, Мойра К. (2008). «Мультимедийные презентации PowerPoint в сфере компьютерного образования: что нужно пользователям?» . Материалы 4-го симпозиума по удобству использования и HCI для образования и работы (USAB 2008) . Грац, Австрия. стр. 281–298. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: отсутствует местоположение издателя ( ссылка )
  • Также доступно по адресу: [1]
• Ловенталь, Патрик Р. (2009). «Улучшение дизайна презентаций PowerPoint» (PDF) . В Ловентале Патрик Р.; Томас, Дэвид; Тай, Анна; Юнке, Брайан (ред.). Онлайн-справочник ТС 2009 . Университет Колорадо, Денвер. стр. 61–66.
• Калюга, Слава; Чендлер, Пол; Свеллер, Джон (2004). «Когда избыточный текст на экране в мультимедийных технических инструкциях может мешать обучению». Человеческий фактор: Журнал Общества человеческого фактора и эргономики . 46 (3): 567–581. дои : 10.1518/hfes.46.3.567.50405 . ПМИД   15573552 . S2CID   6992108 .
  • Также доступно по адресу: [2] Архивировано 28 октября 2020 г. в Wayback Machine (февраль 2015 г.).

Внешние ссылки

• Официальный сайт
• Microsoft PowerPoint в Керли