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| Хафса Бинт Омар | |
| Рожденный | в 605 г. н.э. |
| Умер | Ша'бан 45 Ах ; Октябрь/ноябрь, c. 665 (в возрасте 59–60) |
| Место отдыха | Аль-Сав Кладбище , Медина |
| Известен для | Четвертая жена Пророка Мухаммеда |
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| Relatives | List |
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Хафса Бинт Умар ( арабский : حفصة بنت عمر , романизированный : Хафша Бинт Умар и дочерью второго халифа Умара ; ок. 605–665) была четвертой женой Мухаммеда ( р . 634–644 ) . В исламских писаниях ее имя, таким образом, часто префиксируется названием «Мать верующих» (арабский: أمّ المؤمنين, Романизированный: ʾumm almyminīn ) .
Ранний период жизни
[ редактировать ]Хафса была дочерью и старшим ребенком Умара ибн аль-Хаттаба и Зейнаба Бинт Маз'ун . Она родилась «когда Курайш строил дом Кааба , за пять лет до отправки Пророка», то есть в 605 году. [ 1 ]
Свадьба
[ редактировать ]She was married to Khunays ibn Hudhafa but became a widow in August 624.[2]
As soon as Hafsa had completed her waiting period, her father Umar offered her hand to Uthman ibn 'Affan, and thereafter to Abu Bakr; but they both refused her. When Umar went to Muhammad to complain about this, Muhammad replied, "Hafsa will marry one better than Uthman and Uthman will marry one better than Hafsa."[3]
Muhammad married Hafsa in Sha'ban AH 3 (late January or early February 625).[4] This marriage "gave the Prophet the chance of allying himself with this faithful follower,"[5] i.e., Umar, who now became his father-in-law.
Surat al-Tahrim
[edit]There are two stories related to the revelation of the opening verses of surat al-Tahrim. One is authentic according to imams al-Bukhari and Muslim and found in sahih Muslim 1474 and narrated by the prophet's wife Aisha. In this authentic narration, the prophet prevented himself from drinking honey to please his wives. The other narration is mursal and weak, narrated by Zaid ibn Aslam from the third generation who did not witness the event and found in Tafsir al-Tabari (who was known to record numerous kinds of narrations, both authentic and inauthentic, as a compendium for hadith scholars to peruse and criticize narrations). In this weak narration, the prophet was intimate with Maria al-Qibtiyya while Hafsa was away visiting her father, then asked him "in my home and on my bed?" when returning. He then made Maria forbidden upon himself to please Hafsa.[6] Al-Qurtubi states that the first one is authentic and the second is weak.[6]
Ibn Al-Arabi wrote in Ahkam al-Quran that: "Indeed, the only authentic narration is that it was about honey, that the Prophet drank it with Zainab, and Aisha and Hafsa pretended to be offended by it. There occurred what occurred and the Prophet made an oath never to drink it again. He confided that to his wife and the verse was revealed regarding all of them."[6]
Notable work
[edit]Uthman, when he became Caliph, used Hafsa's copy when he standardized the text of Qur'an.[7] She is also said to have narrated sixty hadiths from Muhammad.[8]
Death
[edit]She died in Sha'ban AH 45, i.e., in October or November 665. She is buried in Al-Baqi Cemetery next to the other Mothers of the Faithful.[9][10]
Contrasting Views
[edit]Sunni View
[edit]Hafsa is seen as scholarly and inquisitive by the Sunnis. She is also respected as a Mother of The Believers.
Shi'a View
[edit]Due to the honey incident with the prophet,[11][12] Shi'as disapprove of Hafsa and Aisha in this particular incident and cite the beginning of surat al-Tahreem and the accompanying hadith as evidence. But they do not curse them generally, which is extremism.[13]
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Muhammad ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina p. 56. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ^ Muhammad ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr, p. 307. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ^ Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 pp. 56-58. The story is told in five separate traditions.
- ^ Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 58.
- ^ Margoliouth, D. S. (1905). Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, p. 307. New York & London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Elias, Abu Amina (26 March 2016). "Story of Hafsa and Maria in Surat al-Tahrim". www.abuaminaelias.com. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- ^ Bukhari 6:60:201.
- ^ Siddiqi, M. Z. (2006). Hadith Literature: Its Origin, Development, Special Features and Criticism, p. 25. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust.
- ^ Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 60.
- ^ Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Sayyari (2009). Kohlberg, Etan; Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (eds.). "Revelation and Falsification: The Kitab al-qira'at of Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Sayyari: Critical Edition with an Introduction and Notes by Etan Kohlberg and Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi". Texts and studies on the Qurʼān. 4. BRILL: 103. ISSN 1567-2808.
- ^ "Sahih al-Bukhari 6691 - Oaths and Vows - كتاب الأيمان والنذور - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ "Sahih al-Bukhari 2468 - Oppressions - كتاب المظالم - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ "The Sixteenth Spurious Argument: Shia Opinon about Hafsa and Aisha". www.al-islam.org. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
Sources
[edit]- Bagley, F. R. C. (1 February 2013). Twenty-three Years: A Study of the Prophetic Career of Mohammad. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-03041-4.
- Bosworth, C. E.; Donzel, E. van; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch., eds. (1991). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume VI (Mahk-Mid): [Fasc. 99-114a]. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- Hassan, Riaz (2013). Islam and Society: Sociological Explorations. Melbourne University Publishing. ISBN 978-0-522-86256-0.
- Hekmat, Anwar (1997). Женщины и Коран: статус женщин в исламе . Прометея книги. ISBN 978-1-57392-162-6 .
- Ирвинг, Вашингтон (2007). Мухаммед . Вордсворт издание. ISBN 978-1-84022-573-0 .
- Морган, Дайан (12 ноября 2009 г.). Основной ислам: всеобъемлющее руководство по убеждениям и практике . Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-0-313-36026-8 .
- Родинсон, Максим (2 марта 2021 г.). Мухаммед . Нью -Йорк Обзор книг. ISBN 978-1-68137-493-2 .
- Wherry, Em (4 июля 2013 г.). Комментарий к Корану: включающий перевод продажи и предварительный дискурс: том IV . Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-39281-8 .
