Арлон
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Арлон
Аррал ( сердце Люксембурга ) | |
|---|---|
 Arlon centre with bell tower of St. Martin's Church | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Arlon | |
  Arlon Location in Belgium
Location of Arlon in Luxembourg province | |
| Coordinates: 49°41′N 05°49′E / 49.683°N 5.817°E | |
| Country |  Belgium |
| Community | French Community |
| Region | Wallonia |
| Province | Luxembourg |
| Arrondissement | Arlon |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Vincent Magnus (cdH, ARLON 2030) |
| • Governing party/ies | MR-ARLON 2030 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 119.06 km2 (45.97 sq mi) |
| Population (2022-01-01)[1] | |
| • Total | 30,818 |
| • Density | 260/km2 (670/sq mi) |
| Postal codes | 6700, 6704, 6706 |
| NIS code | 81001 |
| Area codes | 063 |
| Website | www.arlon.be (in French) |
Арлон ( Французское произношение: [aʁlɔ̃] ; Английский : arle [aːʀəl] ; Голландский : Арлон [ˈaːrlø (s)] ; Немецкий : arel [ˈaːʁəl] ; Валлон : Årlon ) - это город и муниципалитет Уоллонии , расположенный в и столице провинции Люксембург в Арденне , Бельгия . С населением чуть более 28 000, это самая маленькая провинциальная столица в Бельгии. Арлон также является столицей его культурного региона: Арелерленд (Земля Арлона в люксембурге ).
Муниципалитет состоит из следующих субмуниципалитетов : собственно Арлон, Автолбас , Боннерт , Гирш , Хейнш и Торнич . Другие населенные центры включают в себя:
History
[edit]Roman Empire 57BCE–395
Western Roman Empire 395–480
Francia 481–843
Middle Francia 843–855
Kingdom of Lotharingia 855–900
County of Arlon 950–1214
County of Luxembourg 1214–1353
French Republic 1795–1804
Kingdom of Belgium 1839–present
Roman and medieval times
[edit]Before the Roman conquests of Gaul, the territory of Arlon and a vast area to the southeast were settled by the Treveri, a Celtic tribe. The local population adapted relatively easily to Roman culture. The number and quality of sculpted stones and monuments that have been unearthed in the area demonstrate that the vicus of Orolaunum quickly became a commercial and administrative centre of Roman civilization. The Germanic invasions of the 3rd century destroyed most of these early advances, despite the defensive walls that had been built on the Knipchen hill to protect the vicus.
During most of the Middle Ages, the population still used the earlier buildings such as the thermae. In 1060, Waleran I of Limburg, Count of Arlon, built a castle on the Knipchen hill in the centre of the town.
A dynasty of counts of Arlon began with Waleran I, Duke of Limburg. On the death of Duke Waleran III in 1226, Arlon passed to his son from the second marriage, Henry V the Fair, Count of Luxembourg, and became part of the county of Luxembourg. Thus, in the Tournament of Chauvency, his son Henry the Lion bore the title of Marquis of Arlon.
In the 13th century, the only women's Cistercian abbey known to date was built in Clairefontaine.
15th century until the French Revolution
[edit]The Duchy of Luxembourg itself, of which Arlon was dependent, became part of the Burgundian Netherlands under Philip the Good in 1441. After Charles V's abdication of his empire to his son Philip II of Spain in 1556, a troubled period started for the whole region with continuous wars involving France, Spain and the Southern Netherlands. In 1558, nearly half of the city, including its castle, was destroyed by the French troops of Francis, Duke of Guise. In the 17th century, Capuchin friars built a convent on the ruins of the castle and the French strengthened the defensive walls according to Vauban's designs. An accidental fire destroyed a large part of the city again in 1785.
Modern times
[edit]
On 9 June 1793 the French Revolutionary troops opposed the Austrians just outside Arlon. The French emerged victorious and took over the city from Austrian rule. They expelled the Capuchin friars and used their convent as a hospital.
In June 1815, after the defeat of Napoleon in the Battle of Waterloo, Arlon went back to government of the Grand Duchy. By the Treaty of London in 1839, the grand duchy became fully sovereign and in turn geographically larger western part of the duchy, i.e. the province de Luxembourg including Arlon city was given to newly created Kingdom of Belgium.
Arlon was one of the first victims of the German invasion in 1914 as 121 inhabitants were executed on 26 August, on the orders of Colonel Richard Karl von Tessmar.
Its territory was again among the first to be invaded at the onset of World War II. Allies moved into Belgium on 10 May 1940 and Arlon was defended by French troops, but they were not able to stop the German invasion.
Arlon today
[edit]Being situated very close to the border with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Arlon has continued to expand with new residential areas and commercial development zones, and many people cross the border everyday to work in the Grand Duchy. All international express trains make a stop in Arlon, as it is the last station on the main Brussels—Luxembourg City railway line.[2]
Sights
[edit]
- Arlon is best known for holding one of the richest archeological museums in Belgium. It houses numerous examples of Roman sculpture and Merovingian funerary art.
- A fragment of the Gallo-Roman defensive wall that was built in the 3rd century still stands in Arlon.
- The Gaspar Museum is dedicated to the art of Jean-Marie Gaspar and Charles Gaspar, and also holds a collection of regional art including the Fisenne altarpiece, an altarpiece from the 16th century originally located in the village Fisenne.
- Saint Donat's church now stands on the Knipchen hill, where Waleran I of Limburg once built his castle and the Capuchin friars built their convent.
- Arlon cemetery has the largest Jewish section of all Walloon cemeteries.
Local customs
[edit]- The carnival of Arlon takes place at mid-Lent. It includes the traditional handing of the city keys to the carnival prince and a colourful parade composed of various folk dance groups.
- The Maitrank (German for "drink of May") is the city's most popular refreshment. It is made of white wine in which a local flower, the Asperula odorata, has macerated. Some recipes also add cognac or substitute woodruff for the Asperula. The Maitrank festivities take place in the city every fourth Sunday of May.
Климат
[ редактировать ]| Климатические данные для Arlon (1991-2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Месяц | Январь | Февраль | Марта | Апрель | Может | Июнь | Июль | Август | Сентябрь | Октябрь | Ноябрь | Декабрь | Год |
| Средний ежедневный максимум ° C (° F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
5.3 (41.5) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.9 (73.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
4.6 (40.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
| Средний средний ° C (° F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.2 (41.4) |
8.6 (47.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
2.2 (36.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
| Средний ежедневный минимум ° C (° F) | −1.3 (29.7) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
0.7 (33.3) |
3.1 (37.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
10.4 (50.7) |
12.2 (54.0) |
11.8 (53.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
4.9 (40.8) |
| Среднее количество осадков мм (дюймы) | 121.4 (4.78) |
93.5 (3.68) |
80.3 (3.16) |
63.1 (2.48) |
75.7 (2.98) |
79.4 (3.13) |
79.4 (3.13) |
82.8 (3.26) |
78.2 (3.08) |
100.5 (3.96) |
103.9 (4.09) |
146.9 (5.78) |
1,105.1 (43.51) |
| Средние дни осадков (≥ 1,0 мм) | 14.3 | 12.6 | 11.9 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 10.2 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 10.0 | 12.2 | 14.2 | 15.8 | 143.1 |
| Средние месячные солнечные часы | 49 | 73 | 132 | 196 | 208 | 222 | 234 | 214 | 162 | 103 | 49 | 41 | 1,683 |
| Средние ежедневные солнечные часы | 1.6 | 2.6 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 4.6 |
| Источник: KMI [ 3 ] | |||||||||||||
Демография
[ редактировать ]Город Арлон является самым населенным муниципалитетом в провинции Люксембург, опередив Марче-Эн-Фаменн и Обанге. С другой стороны, это наименее население из десяти провинций страны. 31 декабря 2019 года в городе Арлон население составило 30 047 жителей.
Политика
[ редактировать ]Список мэров:
- Пьер Холленфельц
- 1880-1901: Джозеф Нетс
- 1901-1921: Numa Enchful
- 1921–1949: Пол Рейтер
- 1949–1958: Жюль Массоннет
- 1958–1976: Чарльз Саймон
- 1977-1988: Жан Гоффинет
- . 1989–1992 гг
- 1993-1994: Жан Гоффинет
- . 1995–2006 гг
- 2007-2012: Рэймонд два
- 2013 -....: Винсент
Люди, родившиеся в Арлоне
[ редактировать ]- Баварский (1710–1795)
- Godefroid Kurth , историк (1847–1916)
- Жан-Мари Гаспар , скульптор (1861–1931)
- Бенуа Лами , режиссер (1945–2008)
- Ингрид Лемпереер , пловцо (1969)
- Jeroen van Busleyden , гуманист (1470–1517)
- Энтони Морис , Люксембургисский футболист (1990)
- Тимоти Кастань , бельгийский футболист (1995)
Международные отношения
[ редактировать ]Twin Towns - Сестринские города
[ редактировать ]Арлон с двойной с:
Сен-Диэ-де-Восес , Франция с 1962 года 
Diekirch , из Urg 
Битбург , Рейнленд-Палатинат , Германия с 1965 года 
Сера, Луизиана , США - Хаянж , Франция
Альба , Италия с 1 марта 2004 года 
Рынок Дрейтон , Англия , Великобритания
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ «Население к месту жительства, национальности (бельгийская/не бельгианская), гражданский статус, возраст и пол» .
- ^ Larousse, Editions. "Арлон - Ларусс" . www.larousse.fr (по -французски) . Получено 2023-06-06 .
- ^ «Климатическая статистика из бельгийских муниципалитетов Арлона (NIS 81001)» (PDF) . Meteo.be (на голландском языке). КМИ. стр. 2, 5 . Получено 2024-01-06 .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]
- Официальный сайт
- Альтернатива официальному сайту (на французском языке)
- Официальный Maitrank веб -сайт (на французском языке)
- Официальный веб-сайт Saint-Martin Parish в Арлон-Сити (на французском языке)
Места рядом с Арлоном |
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Муниципалитеты провинции Люксембург , Валлония |
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