Герцеговина-Негорье Кантон
Герцеговина-Негорье Кантон Герцеговина-Донетва Кантон Герцеговина-Донетва Кантон Герцеговина -неретва округ | |
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 Флаг
 Герб
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| Status | Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Capital and largest city | Mostar |
| Official languages | Croatian and Bosnian |
| Ethnic groups (2013[1]) | 53.29% Croats41.44% Bosniaks2.90% Serbs2.37% others |
| Government | Parliamentary system |
• Premier | Marija Buhač (HDZ BiH) |
• President of Assembly | Džafer Alić (SDA) |
| Legislature | Assembly of the Herzegovina-Neretva County |
| Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
• Establishment | 12 June 1996 |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,401 km2 (1,699 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2013 census | 222,007 |
• Density | 53.69/km2 (139.1/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Per capita | $20,532 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Per capita | $7,871 |
| HDI (2019) | 0.800 very high |
| Currency | BAM |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Drives on | right |
Кантон Герцеговина -Донетва ( Хорватский : Герцеговина-Динеретва округ ; [ 2 ] Босний : Герцеговина-Донетва Кантон ) [ 3 ] является одним из 10 кантонов Федерации Боснии и Герцеговины в Боснии и Герцеговине .
Кантон в основном включает в себя Неретва реки район долины и части Герцеговины к западу от Мостара , его административного центра. Это один из 4 кантонов в стране с хорватским большинством (53,29%), хотя на этой территории он более этнически разделен и считается смешанным населением.
История
[ редактировать ]Перед войной в Боснии и Герцеговине современные муниципалитеты Восточного Мостара и Берковичи были частью Мостара и Столака, в то время как Иваника была частью муниципалитета Требиндже.
The history of today's Herzegovina-Neretva Canton begins on 18 March 1994, with the signing of the Washington Agreement. The canton was officially constituted on 23 December 1996 as one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[4]
Geography
[edit]
The canton is the only canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina with access to the sea via the municipality of Neum. Neum is a town of 2,000 citizens (1991 census) and the area around the city is rich with historical and archeological remains of the Illyrians, a people who lived in the Balkans for many thousands of years.
The largest city in the canton and the fifth largest city in the country is Mostar. Mostar is located on the banks of the Neretva river and is divided between Croats and Bosniaks. Mostar is known for its old bridge, Stari Most, which was constructed by the area's Ottoman rulers, who also brought Islam to the region. Bosnian Croat forces bombed and destroyed the bridge on November 8, 1993. Upon its destruction, it had stood for 427 years and had become a symbol of a shared cultural heritage and "peaceful" co-existence. The bridge was reconstructed in the summer of 2004. The opening ceremony was attended by several foreign delegates including Stjepan Mesić, the President of Croatia.
Other notable cities in this canton are Čapljina, Konjic, Jablanica and Međugorje, the most significant Marian shrine in the region. Jablanica and Konjic are notable for battles which took place there during World War II and there is a large museum in Jablanica dedicated to these battles.
The Neretva river runs through the cities of Konjic, Jablanica, Mostar and Čapljina before it flows through Croatia and into the Adriatic Sea. There are large lakes in the canton, such as the Jablanica lake located around the city Jablanica. The southernmost municipality in the canton is the Neum municipality which borders the Adriatic sea and the easternmost municipality is the Ravno municipality along the border with Croatia.
Municipalities
[edit]The canton is split into the municipalities of
Demographics
[edit]Of the ten cantons comprising the Federation of Bosnia Herzegovina, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of two cantons, the other being the Central Bosnia Canton, nearly equally populated by Bosniaks and Croats. In such cantons there are special legislative procedures for the protection of the constituent ethnic groups.
Croats form a majority in the municipalities of Čapljina, Čitluk, Neum, Prozor-Rama and Ravno, and a relative majority in Stolac and Mostar according to the 2013 census. Bosniaks form an absolute majority in the municipalities of Jablanica and Konjic.[5]
2013 Census
[edit]| Municipality | Nationality | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bosniaks | % | Croats | % | Serbs | % | ||
| Čapljina | 4,541 | 17.36 | 20,538 | 78.51 | 714 | 2.72 | 26,157 |
| Čitluk | 29 | 0.15 | 17,900 | 98.67 | 18 | 0.09 | 18,140 |
| Jablanica | 9,045 | 89.45 | 726 | 7.18 | 63 | 0.62 | 10,111 |
| Konjic | 22,486 | 89.41 | 1,553 | 6.17 | 355 | 1.41 | 25,148 |
| Mostar | 46,752 | 44.19 | 51,216 | 48.40 | 4,421 | 4.17 | 113,169 |
| Neum | 63 | 1.35 | 4,543 | 97.63 | 21 | 0.45 | 4,653 |
| Prozor-Rama | 3,525 | 24.69 | 10,702 | 74.94 | 3 | 0.02 | 14,280 |
| Ravno | 20 | 0.62 | 2,633 | 81.79 | 558 | 17.33 | 3,219 |
| Stolac | 5,544 | 38.22 | 8,486 | 58.51 | 279 | 1.92 | 14,502 |
| Canton | 92,005 | 41.44 | 118,297 | 53.28 | 6,432 | 2.89 | 222,007 |
Politics and government
[edit]According to the current law, the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton is one of the ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Herzegovina-Neretva Canton has its own legislative, executive and judicial powers. Like each of the cantons of FBiH, it has its own constitution, assembly, government, symbols and has a number of exclusive competences (police, education, use of natural resources, spatial and housing policy, culture), while some competences are divided. between cantonal and federal authorities (health, social protection, transport).
The citizens of the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva vote for a total of 30 representatives in the Cantonal Assembly every four years in general elections. Based on the results of the 2022 general election, the current HNK government is formed by a coalition between the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ BiH), the Party of Democratic Action (SDA) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP BiH).[6]
At the local level, citizens of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton vote every four years in municipal elections for local government in four cities and five other municipalities.
Economy
[edit]The strongest industries by number of employees in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (as of August 2017) are wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing, and hotels and restaurants. The economic headquarters of the canton is its capital, Mostar.[7]
Industry
[edit]After the tertiary sector, the manufacturing sector is the strongest sector of the economy of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. The strongest branches of this sector are the processing industry and electricity production.
The manufacturing industry has a total of 6,798 employees (August 2017). The strongest industries are military (e.g. Igman in Konjic), metal processing industry (e.g. Aluminij in Mostar) and food industry (e.g. Hepok in Mostar).
Electricity generation is also an important industry, this is carried out in the mainly in hydroelectric power plants on the Neretva River and its tributaries, which are mostly owned by Elektroprivreda HZHB (most of the electricity produced comes from these hydroelectric power plants).
Tourism
[edit]
The canton of Herzegovina-Neretva, with its nature parks and numerous natural beauties, has great tourism potential. According to the Federal Statistical Office, in 2014 the canton was visited by 104,006 foreign tourists and 208,647 overnight stays were made. The biggest tourist attractions in the region are the old town of Mostar, Blagaj near Mostar, Medjugorje and Neum (Bosnia and Herzegovina's only outlet to the sea).[8]
Transportation
[edit]Roads
[edit]The following main roads and highways pass through the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva:
- From west to east: Main road M2 (Klek-Zaton Doli), M6 (Grude-Trebinje) and M6.1 (Resanovci-Gacko).
- From south to north: highway A1 (Svilaj-Bijača), main road M17 (Bosanski Šamac-Čapljina) and M17.3 (Čapljina-Neum).
The total length of roads in the canton of Herzegovina-Neretva is 362.68 kilometers.[9]
Railroad
[edit]The Ploče-Sarajevo railroad passes through the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, to which Konjic, Mostar, Jablanica and Čapljina are connected. The length of the railroad in the region is 126.2 kilometers, while the total number of railway stations and stops is 28, three of which are connected to the high-speed rail network.
Воздушное движение
[ редактировать ]Международный аэропорт MOSTAR (OMO) является третьим самым загруженным аэропортом в Боснии и Герцеговине после аэропортов Сараево и Тузла, в общей сложности 53 618 пассажиров (2016). [ 10 ]
Образование
[ редактировать ]
Всего насчитывается 33 средних школ (28 штатов и пять частных) и многочисленные начальные школы в Герцеговине -неретве Кантон. В этом кантоне есть три университета:
- Университет Мостара с 14 000 студентов и десять факультетов.
- Университет Джамал Бидждич из Мостара с 3000 студентов и восемь факультетов.
- Частный университет "Герцеговина" в Меджугорье и Мостаре с двумя способностями .
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Sarajevo, Juni 2016. Cenzus из населения, домохозяйств и жилищ в Боснии и Герцеговине, окончательные результаты 2013 года (PDF) . Бхас . Получено 30 июня 2016 года .
- ^ «Конституция Герцеговина-Метона Кантона (хорватского)» . Архивировано из оригинала 2011-09-24 . Получено 2012-03-19 . )
- ^ «Конституция Герцеговина-Метона Кантона (босний)» . Архивировано из оригинала 2011-09-24 . Получено 2012-03-19 .
- ^ «Скуан, Жасмин (16. 4. 2012) . Архивировано с оригинала 2017-12-02 . Получено 2021-05-28 .
- ^ "Дом" . statistika.ba .
- ^ «В Мостаре, после девяти лет, новое правительство хорватского национального театра будет назначено HDZ, SDP и SDA » . Klix.ba (в боснском). 2023-11-09 . Получено 2023-11-09 .
- ^ «Статистический бюллетень на ноябрь 2017 года (ноябрь 2017 г. Статистический бюллетень)» (PDF) .
- ^ «Кантон Герцеговина-Донетва в кантоне Герцеговина-Донетва на фигурах» (PDF) .
- ^ «Сеть основных дорог в FBIH» . Bihamk.ba (в боснском) . Получено 2021-05-28 .
- ^ «Tuzla записывает в 30 раз больше пассажиров из Banja Luka в марте, в аэропорту Banja Luka в 2016 году было меньше всего пассажиров!» Полем www.yka.com . Получено 2021-05-28 .
Кантоны Федерации Боснии и Герцеговины |
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| Базы данных управления авторитетом : географический |
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