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Порядок индийской империи

(Перенаправлен из KCIE )

Самый выдающийся порядок индийской империи
Знака GCIE
The insignia of a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE)
Awarded by the British monarch
TypeOrder of chivalry
Established1878
MottoImperatricis auspiciis
Awarded forAt the monarch's pleasure
StatusNot awarded since 1947
Dormant order since 2010
FounderVictoria
SovereignCharles III
GradesKnight Grand Commander (GCIE)
Knight Commander (KCIE)
Companion (CIE)
Precedence
Next (higher)Order of St Michael and St George
Next (lower)Royal Victorian Order

Ribbon bar of the Order of the Indian Empire

Самым выдающимся порядком Индийской империи является приказ рыцарства, основанный королевой Викторией 1 января 1878 года. [ 1 ] Заказ включает членов трех классов:

  1. Рыцарь Великий Командир ( GCIE )
  2. Рыцарь -командир ( KCIE )
  3. Компаньон ( CIE )

Назначения прекратились после 1947 года, когда Британская Индия стала независимым союзом Индии и Доминиона Пакистана . С смертью последнего выжившего рыцаря Махараджа Меграджи III из Дхрангадхра , порядок стал бездействующим в 2010 году. Девиз Ордена - Impertricis Auspiciis ( латынь для «под эгидой императрицы»), ссылка на королеву Викторию, первую императрицу Индии . Орден - младший британский орден рыцарства, связанный с Британской индийской империей ; Старший - самый возвышенный порядок звезды Индии .

History

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The British founded the Order in 1878 to reward British and native officials who served in British India. The Order originally had only one class (Companion), but expanded to comprise two classes in 1887.[2] The British authorities intended the Order of the Indian Empire as a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India (founded in 1861);[3] consequently, many more appointments were made to the former than to the latter.

On 15 February 1887, the Order of the Indian Empire formally became "The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire" and was divided into two classes: knights commander and companions, with the following as knights commander, listed up to 1906[4][5][6][7]

(in date order)

However, on 21 June 1887, a further proclamation regarding the Order was made; the Order was expanded from two classes to three – Knight Grand Commander, Knight Commander and Companion. Seven knights grand commander were created, namely:[9]

Also from 1897, 3 honorary knights commander were made. Including Léon Émile Clément-Thomas (1897), Col. Sir Eduardo Augusto Rodriques Galhardo (Jan 1901) and Sir Hussien Kuli Khan, Mokhber-ed-Dowlet (June 1902).[6]

Emperor Gojong of Korea was made an honorary Knight Grand Commander on 17 December 1900.[7]

Ceasement

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Appointments to both the Order of the Star of India and the Order of the Indian Empire ceased after 14 August 1947. As the last Grand Master of the orders, the Earl Mountbatten of Burma was also the last known individual to have publicly worn the stars of a Knight Grand Commander of both orders, during the Queen's Silver Jubilee celebrations in 1977.[10] The Orders have never been formally abolished, and King Charles III remains the Sovereign of the Orders. There are no living members of the order.[11]

The fictional characters Purun Dass, invented by Rudyard Kipling, and Harry Paget Flashman, invented by George MacDonald Fraser, were KCIEs; Kipling's engineer Findlayson in The Day's Work (1908) aspires to the CIE.[citation needed]

Composition

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The British sovereign serves as Sovereign of the Order. The grand master held the next-most senior rank; the position was held, ex officio, by the viceroy of India. Members of the first class were titled "Knight Grand Commander" rather than "Knight Grand Cross" so as not to offend the non-Christian Indians appointed to the order.[citation needed]

At the time of foundation in 1878 the order had only one class, that of Companion, with no quota imposed. In 1886, the Order was divided into the two classes of knights commander (50 at any given time) and companions (no quota). The following year the class of Knight Grand Commander (25 at any given time) was added;[13] the composition of the other two classes remained the same. The statute also provided that it was "competent for Her Majesty, Her heirs and successors, at Her or their pleasure, to appoint any Princes of the Blood Royal, being descendants of His late Majesty King George the First, as Extra Knights Grand Commander".

By Letters Patent of 2 Aug 1886, the number of knights commander was increased to 82, while commanders were limited to 20 nominations per year (40 for 1903 only). Membership was expanded by letters patent of 10 June 1897, which permitted up to 32 knights grand commander.[14] A special statute of 21 October 1902 permitted up to 92 knights commander, but continued to limit the number of nominations of commanders to 20 in any successive year. On 21 December 1911, in connection with the Delhi Durbar, the limits were increased to 40 knights grand commander, 120 knights commander, and 40 nominations of companions in any successive year.[15]

British officials and soldiers were eligible for appointment, as were rulers of Indian Princely States. Generally, the rulers of the more important states were appointed knights grand commander of the Order of the Star of India, rather than of the Order of the Indian Empire. Women, save the princely rulers, were ineligible for appointment to the order. Female princely rulers were admitted as "knights" rather than as "dames" or "ladies". Other Asian and Middle Eastern rulers were also appointed as well.[citation needed]

Vestments and accoutrements

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Photo of Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya's badge

Members of the order wore elaborate costumes on important ceremonial occasions:

  • The mantle, worn only by knights grand commander, comprised dark blue satin lined with white silk. On the left side was a representation of the star (see photo at right).
  • The collar, also worn only by knights grand commander, was made of gold. It was composed of alternating golden elephants, Indian roses and peacocks.
The insignia of a Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE)

At less important occasions, simpler insignia were used:

  • The star, worn only by knights grand commander and knights commander, had ten points, including rays of gold and silver for knights grand commander, and of plain silver for knights commander. In the centre was an image of Victoria surrounded by a dark blue ring with the motto and surmounted by a crown.[16]
  • The badge was worn by knights grand commander on a dark blue riband, or sash, passing from the right shoulder to the left hip, and by knights commander and companions from a dark blue ribbon around the neck. It included a five-petalled crown-surmounted red flower, with the image of Victoria surrounded by a dark blue ring with the motto at the centre.
Insignia of the Order

The insignia of most other British chivalric orders incorporate a cross; the Order of the Indian Empire does not, in deference to India's non-Christian tradition.

Precedence and privileges

[edit]

Members of all classes of the order were assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of members of all classes also featured on the order of precedence, as did sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of knights grand commander and knights commander. (See order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions.)

Knights grand commander used the post-nominal "GCIE", knights commander "KCIE", and companions "CIE." Knights grand commander and knights commander were entitled to the prefix "Sir". Wives of knights grand commander and knights commander could prefix "Lady" to their surnames. Such forms were not used by peers and Indian princes, except when the names of the former were written out in their fullest forms.

Knights grand commander were also entitled to receive heraldic supporters, and could encircle their arms with a depiction of the circlet (a circle bearing the motto) and the collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter. Knights commander and companions were permitted to display the circlet, but not the collar, surrounding their arms. The badge is depicted suspended from the collar or circlet.

Notable appointees

[edit]
Maharaja Thakore Shri Sir Bhagwatsinhji Sagramji Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Gondal GCSI, GCIE, in a 1911 photograph, during his visit to London for the coronation of King George V. He is wearing the mantle, collar and star of a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire.
Maharaja Sri Sir Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma III, Maharaja of the Kingdom of Travancore, GCSI, GCIE, wearing the sash, star and badge of a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE)

The first two kings of Bhutan were presented with the KCIE:

  • Ugyen Wangchuck, the first King, received the KCIE in 1905 from John Claude White, the first Political Officer in Gangtok, Sikkim. He was promoted to a GCIE in 1921.
  • Jigme Wangchuck, the second King, received the KCIE in 1931 from Lieutenant-Colonel J.L.R. Weir, also the Political Officer in Gangtok at the time.

Other appointees include:

  • Sheikh Khaz'al Khan of Mohammerah received the GCIE in 1916, promoted from a KCIE in 1910.
  • Raja Sir S. Ramaswami Mudaliar was made a CIE on 6 June 1885.[17]
  • Mahamahopadhyay Pandit Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya of Calcutta, eminent Sanskrit scholar, principal of the Sanskrit College, academic administrator, philanthropist and social reformer. He was made a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) on 24 May 1881, six years before the title of Mahamahopadhyay was conferred as a personal distinction on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Queen Victoria, for eminence in oriental learning. He was arguably the first Bengali CIE. The titles entitled him to take rank in the Durbar immediately after titular Rajas.
  • Prabhu Narayan Singh of Benares, The Maharaja of Benares from the Royal House of Benares received the KCIE in 1892.

Sir Kumarapuram Seshadri Iyer (1 June 1845 – 13 September 1901), who served as the 15th Diwan of Mysore from 1883 to 1901 was also awarded KCIE.

Мантия, которую носят GCIE

В художественной литературе

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  • Чудо Пурун Бхагхат , вторая история во второй книге джунглей Редьярда Киплинга , рассказывает, как «Сэр Пурун Дасс, KCIE», премьер-министр одного из полузависимых государств в северо-западной части [Британской Индии Индии. ] «Однажды ушел в отставку из мирского мира и стал отшельником в своих родных Гималаях, где через некоторое время он спасает деревню от роклида и умирает в этом мероприятии.

Ссылки

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  1. ^ «Самый выдающийся порядок Индийской империи -(компаньон)» . войска-рекордс.co.uk . Получено 25 января 2022 года .
  2. ^ Бакленд, CE (1901). Бенгалия под командованием лейтенантов: будучи повествованием о главных событиях и публичных мерах в течение периодов их исполнения, с 1854 по 1898 , с. 699. Калькутта: SK Lahiri & Co.
  3. ^ Заказы, связанные с Индийской империей , debretts.com; Доступ 1 июля 2017 года.
  4. ^ "№ 25673" . Лондонский газетт . 15 февраля 1887 г. с. 787.
  5. ^ Список Индии за 1902 год . Государственный секретарь Индии. 1902. С. 140–144.
  6. ^ Jump up to: а беременный Великобритания. Индийский офис 1905 Список Индии и список индийских офисов за 1905 , с. 145, в Google Books
  7. ^ Jump up to: а беременный Шоу, Wm (1906). Рыцари Англии . Управление лорда Чемберлена, дворец Святого Джеймса. С. 398–412.
  8. ^ Эдвард Уолфорд Семьи округа Соединенного Королевства, или королевское руководство по названию и без названия аристократии Великобритании и Ирландии (1960) , с. 170, в Google Books
  9. ^ "№ 25773" . Лондонский газетт . 5 января 1888 г. с. 219
  10. ^ Jump up to: а беременный Виккерс, Хьюго (1994). Королевские заказы . Великобритания: Boxtree Limited. п. 141. ISBN  1852835109 .
  11. ^ Jump up to: а беременный Некролог для сэра Яна Диксона Скотта , Telegraph.co.uk, 11 марта 2002 года.
  12. ^ " Битиарное общение O Madarabra-Halvad , Telegh.com.com
  13. ^ «Лондонская газетта» . London-gazette.co.uk . 21 июня 1887 г. с. 3364 . Получено 1 июля 2017 года .
  14. ^ «Лондонская газетта» . London-gazette.co.uk . 1 января 1903 г. с. 2 ​Получено 1 июля 2017 года .
  15. ^ «Эдинбургская газетта» . London-gazette.co.uk . 15 декабря 1911 г. с. 1317 . Получено 1 июля 2017 года .
  16. ^ Бутелл, Чарльз (1908). Английская геральдика , с. 290. Лондон: Ривз и Тернер.
  17. ^ Великобритания Индийская офис (1905). Список Индии и список офисов Индии . Лондон: Харрисон и сыновья. п. 146
  18. ^ "№ 31712" . Лондонская газета (добавка). 30 декабря 1919 г. с. 5
  19. ^ Некролог (1897). «Генеральный хирург Корниш Си». Журнал Королевского общества по укреплению здоровья . 18 (4): 656–61. doi : 10.1177/146642409701800412 . S2CID   221043039 .
  20. ^ Тринити -колледж (Дублин, Ирландия) (1946). Календарь Дублинского университета .
  21. ^ Различные (15 марта 2007 г.). Алварский государственный список ведущих чиновников, дворян и персонажей . Поттер Пресс. п. 4. ISBN  978-1-4067-3137-8 .
  22. ^ Азиатское общество (Калькутта, Индия) (1916). Журнал и процесс Азиатского общества Бенгалии . Азиатское общество.
  23. ^ "Дом" . BritishmilitaryHistory.co.uk .
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