Гичин Фунакоши
| Гичин Фунакоши | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Рожденный | 10 ноября 1868 г. Шури , Окинава , королевство Рюкюу |
| Умер | 26 апреля 1957 г. (в возрасте 88 лет) Токио, Япония |
| Native name | 船越 義珍 |
| Other names | Funakoshi Gichin (冨名腰 義珍), Shōtō (松涛) |
| Style | Shōrei-ryū, Shōrin-ryū, and Shotokan Karate |
| Teacher(s) | Ankō Asato, Ankō Itosu, Matsumura Sōkon, Arakaki Seishō |
| Rank | 5th dan, 10th dan (posthumous) |
| Notable students | Gigō Funakoshi (his son), Hironori Ōtsuka, Isao Obata, Masatoshi Nakayama, Makoto Gima, Shigeru Egami, Tomosaburo Okano, Teruyuki Okazaki, Tetsuhiko Asai, Yasuhiro Konishi, Hidetaka Nishiyama, Tsutomu Ohshima, Taiji Kase, Mitsusuke Harada, Hirokazu Kanazawa, Won Kuk Lee, Masutatsu Oyama, Tetsuji Murakami, Yutaka Yaguchi, Won Kuk Lee, Byung Jik Ro, Choi Hong Hi, Keinosuke Enoeda |
Гичин Фунакоши ( , ноября 1868 г. - 26 апреля 1957 г.) Фунакоши Гичин 10 [ 1 ] был основателем штокана каратэ . Он известен как «отец современного каратэ». [ 2 ] Следуя учениям Анко Итосу и Анко Асато , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Он был одним из каратэ мастеров в Окинаване , которые в 1922 году представили каратэ на материк Японии после его более раннего вступления его учителем Итосу. Он преподавал каратэ в различных японских университетах и стал почетным главой Японской ассоциации каратэ в 1949 году. Помимо того, что он был мастером каратэ, Фунакоши был заядлым поэтом и философом . Его сыну, Джиго Фунакоши , широко приписывают разработку основания современного стиля каратэ Шокан. [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
Ранний период жизни
[ редактировать ]Гичин Фунакоши родился 10 ноября 1868 года, [ 7 ] Год восстановления Мэйдзи , в Шури, Окинава , в Рюкюан Печин . Фунакоши родился преждевременно . Его отца звали Гису. [3] He was of samurai lineage, from a family which in former times had been vassals of Ryukyu Dynasty nobles.[8]
After entering primary school he became close friends with the son of Ankō Asato, a karate and Jigen-ryū master who would soon become his first karate teacher.[3] Funakoshi's family was stiffly opposed to the Meiji government's abolition of the Japanese topknot, and this meant that he would be ineligible to pursue his goal of attending medical school (where topknots were banned), despite having passed the entrance examination.[3] Being trained in both classical Chinese and Japanese philosophies and teachings, Funakoshi became an assistant teacher in Okinawa. During this time, his relations with the Asato family grew and he began nightly travels to the Asato family residence to receive karate instruction from Ankō Asato.[3]
Shotokan Karate
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2017) |
Funakoshi had trained in both of the popular styles of Okinawan karate of the time: Shōrei-ryū and Shōrin-ryū. Shotokan is named after Funakoshi's pen name, Shōtō (松涛), which means "waving pines". Kan means training hall or house, thus Shōtōkan (松涛館) referred to the "house of Shōtō". This name was coined by Funakoshi's students when they posted a sign above the entrance of the hall at which Funakoshi taught. In addition to being a karate master, Funakoshi was an avid poet and philosopher who would reportedly go for long walks in the forest where he would meditate and write his poetry.[9]
By the late 1910s, Funakoshi had many students, of which a few were deemed capable of passing on their master's teachings. Continuing his effort to garner widespread interest in Okinawan karate, Funakoshi ventured to mainland Japan in 1917, and again in 1922.[3] In 1922 Funakoshi (aged 53) and Makoto Gima (aged 26) were invited to the Kodokan by Judo Master Jigoro Kano to perform a karate demonstration. It was this demonstration that inevitably made karate popular in the mainland.[citation needed]
In 1930, Funakoshi established an association named Dai-Nihon Karate-do Kenkyukai to promote communication and information exchange among people who study karate-dō. In 1936, Dai-Nippon Karate-do Kenkyukai changed its name to Dai-Nippon Karate-do Shoto-kai.[10] The association is known today as Shotokai, and is the official keeper of Funakoshi's karate heritage.
In 1936, Funakoshi built the first Shōtōkan dojo (training hall) in Tokyo. While on the Japanese mainland, he changed the written characters of karate to mean "empty hand" (空手) instead of "China hand" (唐手) (literally Tang dynasty) to downplay its connection to Chinese boxing[citation needed]. Karate had borrowed many aspects from Chinese boxing. Funakoshi also argued in his autobiography that a philosophical evaluation of the use of "empty" seemed to fit as it implied a way which was not tethered to any other physical object.
Funakoshi's re-interpretation of the character kara in karate to mean "empty" (空) rather than "Chinese" (唐) caused some tension with traditionalists back in Okinawa, prompting Funakoshi to remain in Tokyo indefinitely.[citation needed] In 1949 Funakoshi's students created the Japan Karate Association (JKA), with Funakoshi as the honorary head of the organization. However, in practise this organization was led by Masatoshi Nakayama. The JKA began formalizing Funakoshi's teachings.
Illness and death
[edit]Funakoshi developed osteoarthritis in 1948, and died on April 26, 1957. Cause of death is colon cancer.
Legacy
[edit]Funakoshi published several books on karate including his autobiography, Karate-Do: My Way of Life. His legacy, however, rests in a document containing his philosophies of karate training now referred to as the niju kun, or "twenty principles". These rules are the premise of training for all Shotokan practitioners and are published in a work titled The Twenty Guiding Principles of Karate.[11] Within this book, Funakoshi lays out 20 rules by which students of karate are urged to abide in an effort to "become better human beings".[3] Funakoshi's Karate-Do Kyohan "The Master Text" remains his most detailed publication, containing sections on history, basics, kata, and kumite. The famous Shotokan Tiger by Hoan[12] adorns the hardback cover.
Memorial
[edit]
A memorial to Gichin Funakoshi was erected by the Shotokai at Engaku-ji, a temple in Kamakura, on December 1, 1968. Designed by Kenji Ogata the monument features calligraphy by Funakoshi and Sōgen Asahina (1891–1979), chief priest of the temple which reads Karate ni sente nashi (There is no first attack in karate), the second of Funakoshi's Twenty Precepts. To the right of Funakoshi's precept is a copy of the poem he wrote on his way to Japan in 1922.
A second stone features an inscription by Nobuhide Ohama and reads:[13]
Funakoshi Gichin Sensei, of karate-do, was born on November 10, 1868 in Shuri Okinawa. From about eleven years old he began to study to-te jutsu under Azato Anko and Itosu Anko. He practiced diligently and in 1912 became the president of the Okinawan Shobukai. In May 1922, he relocated to Tokyo and became a professional teacher of karate-do. He devoted his entire life to the development of karate-do. He lived out his eighty-eight years of life and left this world on April 26, 1957. Reinterpreting to-te jutsu, the Sensei promulgated karate-do while not losing its original philosophy. Like bugei (classical martial arts), so too is the pinnacle of karate “mu” (enlightenment): to purify and make one empty through the transformation from “jutsu” to “do”. Through his famous words "空手に先手なし" (karate ni sente nashi) meaning There is no first attack in Karate and 空手は君子の武芸 (karate wa kunshi no bugei) meaning Karate is the martial art of intelligent people, Sensei helped us to better understand the term “jutsu.” In an effort to commemorate his virtue and great contributions to modern karate-do as a pioneer, we, his loyal students, organised the Shotokai and erected this monument at the Enkakuji. “Kenzen ichi” (“The fist and Zen are one”).
Publications
[edit]- Funakoshi, Gichin (1922). Tō-te Ryūkyū Kenpō (唐手 : 琉球拳法).
- Funakoshi, Gichin (1925). Karate Jutsu (唐手術) (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2014-11-29.
- Funakoshi, Gichin (1935). Karate-Do Kyohan (空手道教範 ) (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-03-04.
- Funakoshi, Gichin (1973). Karate-Do Kyohan: The Master Text. Translated by Tsutomu Ohshima. Tokyo: Kodansha International. ISBN 978-0-87011-190-7.
- Funakoshi, Gichin (1975). The Twenty Guiding Principles of Karate: The Spiritual Legacy of the Master. Translated by John Teramoto. Tokyo: Kodansha International. ISBN 978-4-7700-2796-2.
- ] ) [ 1975 Funakoshi , Gichin ( 1981 978-0-87011-463-2 .
- [1988] ) Funakoshi , Gichin ( 1994 978-4-7700-1891-5 .
- ) 2001 ( Funakoshi , Gichin 978-4-7700-2681-1 .
- Funakoshi, Gichin (2010). Суть каратэ . Перевод Ричарда Бергера. Токио: Kodansha International. ISBN 978-4-7700-3118-1 .
- Funakoshi, Gichin: Введение в каратэ , перевод Henning Wittwer, 2023. ISBN 979-83753555658 .
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Beltram, Jon K. «Преподаватели - Канзас -Сити Шипокан Карат Клуб» . kc.ska.org . Получено 2022-09-05 .
- ^ Funakoshi, Gichin (2001). Каратэ Джуцу: оригинальные учения мастера Фунакоши . Перевод Джона Терамото. Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN 4-7700-2681-1 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый и фон глин Funakoshi, Gichin (1981). Карат-до: Мой образ жизни , Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN 0-87011-463-8 .
- ^ "Gichinfunakoshi.com" . Архивировано из оригинала 2012-10-05.
- ^ "Черный пояс" . Интернет -архив. п. 46 Получено 19 января 2015 года .
Мас Ояма.
{{cite magazine}}: CITE Magazine требует|magazine=( помощь ) - ^ Моениг, Удо (10 апреля 2015 г.). Тэквондо: От боевого искусства до боевого спорта . Routledge. ISBN 9781317557333 Полем Получено 5 июля 2017 года - через Google Books.
- ^ . Фунакоши Гичин
- ^ «Верховный мастер Фунакоши Гичин» . JKA . Получено 31 октября 2023 года .
- ^ Джон Стивенс (1995). «Три будовых мастера: Кано, Фунакоши, Уэшиба». Kodansha International ISBN 4-7700-1852-5
- ^ «Официальная домашняя страница Нихона Каратэ-до Шнокай» . Архивировано из оригинала 2010-02-27 . Получено 2010-08-17 .
- ^ Funakoshi, Gichin (1975). Двадцать руководящих принципов каратэ: духовное наследие Мастера . Перевод Джона Терамото. Kodansha International Ltd. ISBN 4-7700-2796-6 .
- ^ «Косуги Хоан Шотан Тигр» . Архивировано из оригинала 2010-11-13 . Получено 2008-10-26 .
- ^ Кук, Гарри (2001). Шисокан Каратэ: точная история . Англия: повар.
