Берлин -Магдебургская железная дорога

Берлин -Магдебургская железная дорога
Раздел линии в 2015 году
Обзор
Номер строки	6110, 6125, 6177 6024 S-Bahn Wanssee-Potsdam
Местный	Берлин , Бранденбург , Саксония-Анхальт , Германия
Service
Route number	201
Technical
Line length	141.9 km (88.2 mi)
Number of tracks	2
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	Berlin S-Bahn: 800 V third rail Griebnitzsee–Magdeburg: 15 kV/16.7 Hz AC overhead catenary
Operating speed	160 km/h (99.4 mph) (maximum)
show Route map from Anhalter Bahnhof Potsdamer Bahnhof 0,0 Berlin Wannseebahnhof Berlin Potsdamer goods yard Großgörschenstraße Berlin Großgörschenstraße (until 1939) Berlin Julius-Leber-Brücke 3.5 Schöneberg Ringbahn from the Ringbahn (freight track) 3.9 Berlin Schöneberg operations station A 100 Friedenau A 103, B 1 Feuerbachstraße 6.3 Berlin-Steglitz freight yard Rathaus Steglitz Botanischer Garten 9.4 Lichterfelde West Zehlendorfer Railway Sundgauer Straße 12.1 Zehlendorf to Wannsee 13.2 Berlin-Zehlendorf Süd 14.6 Berlin-Düppel Berlin–Brandenburg state border current route of the A 115 Cemetery Railway former route of the A 115 Brandenburg–Berlin state border Teltow Canal Brandenburg–Berlin state border 20.9 Wetzlar railway from Wannsee 21.9 Griebnitzsee Babelsberg Nuthe 26.1 Potsdam Hauptbahnhof, terminus of B 2 Havel Potsdam Kiewitt 28.2 Potsdam Charlottenhof B 1 from and to Beelitz 29.7 Potsdam Park Sanssouci to Golm Berlin outer ring from Golm and Saarmund Havel 36.0 Werder (Havel) A 10 46.8 Groß Kreutz to Lehnin 50.2 Götz B 102, B 1 61.3 Brandenburg Hauptbahnhof to Rathenow and Bad Belzig Brandenburg Towns Railway 72.0 Gränert 73.1 Kirchmöser 76.5 Wusterwitz to Ziesar Brandenburg–Saxony-Anhalt state border 83.1 Kade from Schönhausen and from Milow 91.5 Genthin B 107, B 1 98.8 Bergzow-Parchen from Jerichow and Ziesar 106.2 Güsen (b Genthin) 117.6 Burg (b Magdeburg) A 2 123.9 Niegripp 125.0 Möser 128.1 Hohenwarthe 131.7 Lostau 134.5 Gerwisch (old station) 130.5 Gerwisch former route to Magdeburg from Loburg from Dessau 133.7 Biederitz (Keilbahnhof) Elbe overflow canal, Ehle 136.2 Magdeburg-Herrenkrug Herrenkrug rail bridge, Elbe from and to Oebisfelde and Stendal 139.6 Magdeburg-Neustadt B 1 141.9 Magdeburg Hbf from and to Helmstedt to Halberstadt and Halle Source: German railway atlas

Первая часть Берлин-Магдебургской железной дороги была открыта в 1838 году, поскольку Железная дорога Берлин-Потсдам, также известная как линия магистрали (немецкий: Stammbahn ) и был первой железнодорожной линией в Пруссии . В 1846 году он был распространен на Магдебург .

История

The Potsdam Railway station in Berlin in 1843

Первая железная дорога в Пруссии

Прусская королевская резиденция была расположена в Потсдаме примерно в 25 км к западу от Берлина, в начале 19 -го века уже было более 200 000 жителей. Хотя железные дороги уже строились в Англии, скептическое отношение короля Фридриха Вильгельма III задержало создание железной дороги в Пруссии. После открытия железной дороги Баварии Людвиг показали, что железные дороги могут работать экономически в Германии, было решено создать железную дорогу в Пруссии. Закон о прусских железных дорогах от 3 ноября 1838 года установил основу для эксплуатации частных железнодорожных компаний, а также предоставил прусский штат, чтобы взять их на более 30 лет.

The Berlin-Potsdam Railway opened the first section of its line in autumn 1838 (the section between Potsdam and Zehlendorf on 22 September and the main line to Berlin on 29 October). The Potsdamer Bahnhof opened in 1838 just outside the outside Potsdamer Tor (a gate in Berlin's tax wall). In 1837, the Berlin–Potsdam Railway Company acquired land for the station from the Unity of the Brethren in Berlin and Rixdorf for 12,400 thalers. Its Potsdam station was southeast of the city on the other bank of the Havel river, where it also established a rail workshop. The first railway stations between Berlin and Potsdam were Zehlendorf (established in 1838), Schöneberg (1839) and Steglitz (1839).

The Berlin-Potsdam-Magdeburg Railway Company

Crash of the locomotive Jupiter into the Havel, 1856

The Havel bridge in Potsdam in 1871

The Herrenkrug bridge over the Elbe River in Magdeburg

The Potsdam-Magdeburg Railway Company (German: Potsdam-Magdeburger Eisenbahngesellschaft) was founded 1845, receiving royal assent on 17 August 1845. It extended the Berlin–Potsdam line to Magdeburg and was later merged with the Berlin–Potsdam Railway to create the Berlin–Potsdam–Magdeburg Railway Company (German: Berlin-Potsdam-Magdeburger Eisenbahngesellschaft).

Although the Potsdam station was directly connected with central Potsdam by the Long Bridge (German: Lange Brücke), the extension of the railway towards Brandenburg over the Havel and on to Magdeburg was very difficult. Directly west of the Potsdam station the line had to cross the Havel and Neustädter Bay, requiring several bridges. In the same section it had to cross the Potsdamer Stadtkanal (Potsdam City Canal, located in the modern Dortustraße), requiring another bridge. The track in this whole section was laid on an embankment. The line from Potsdam Kiewitt (west of Neustädter Bay) to Magdeburg was opened on 7 August 1846, but the Havel crossing was not opened until 12 September 1846, completing the line from Berlin to Magdeburg.

The line had to cross the Havel again near Werder to connect to Werder station on the shore. In order to reach the Elbe station from Magdeburg-Buckau the railway had to cross the Old Elbe, the Taube Elbe, the main Elbe rivers and the island between them containing the district of Werder. Until the completion of the main bridge over the Elbe, the Buckau Railway Bridge, a vertical lift bridge, in 1848 trains terminated at Magdeburg-Friedrichstadt station. By 1847, the trunk line had been largely converted to double track.

1870, the Berlin–Potsdam–Magdeburg Railway Company, together with the Magdeburg–Halberstadt Railway Company and the Magdeburg-Leipzig Railway Company bought a 55-hectare (140-acre) site for the construction of Magdeburg central station. The Berlin–Potsdam–Magdeburger railway built its station at the western end of the station complex. It built a new line between Burg and Magdeburg, crossing the ridge of the Hohen Fläming in Moser and the Herrenkrug Railway Bridge and abandoning the old line from Burg via Niegripp, Hohenwarthe, Lostau and Gerwisch.

On 1 June 1874, a branch from Zehlendorf, the Wannsee Railway (later known as the Old Wannsee line) with stations at Schlachtensee and Wannsee was opened. In the same year, stations at Friedenau, Lichterfelde and Griebnitzsee were opened for local services.

Nationalisation and upgrading from 1883

Memorial to the 22 December 1939 crash

On 1 October 1891, the New Wannsee line open from Zehlendorf to Berlin parallel with the trunk line. It served suburban traffic while long-distance trains ran on the trunk line to Magdeburg.

Following the opening of the Brandenburg City Railway in 1904 Brandenburg developed as an important railway junction. In particular, a steel works was built there in 1913, providing the line with a high volume of freight. In 1928 the Berlin S-Bahn was extended from Wannsee to Potsdam. On 15 May 1933, the long-distance trunk line between Berlin and Zehlendorf was also electrified. This allowed the so-called "banker trains " of the S-Bahn from the Wannsee line to change at Zehlendorf to the trunk line and then run without stopping until Potsdam station. In addition electric railcars operating on the long-distance lines continued as steam hauled suburban trains along the direct route to Potsdam without going through Wannsee. Düppel station was opened in 1939 for local traffic.

See also: Genthin rail disaster

On 22 December 1939 the worst railway accident in German history occurred at Genthin station, with 278 people killed and another 453 people seriously injured. The night express D 180 (Berlin–Potsdam–Neunkirchen (Saar) ran at high speed, ignoring several signals, into an overcrowded D 10 express from Berlin to Cologne. Visibility that night was very poor due to heavy drizzle and fog, so the D 180 train ran through a signal at danger at Belicke and ran into the D 10 at 100 to 110 km/h. The contemporary news media understated the death toll and gave only limited coverage of the accident.

The war-damaged Potsdam station closed in 1945 and the southern section of the S-Bahn was closed in 1945–1946 and never reopened.

Postwar

The badly damaged Herrenkrug bridge in Magdeburg was temporarily repaired and put back into operation on 12 March 1946. In order to supply reparations to the Soviet Union the second track was removed from sections of the line until 1948.

The section in West Berlin

The Stammbahn, the former trunk line near Zehlendorf

In April 1945, the railway bridge over the Teltow Canal was blown up and later the track between Griebnitzsee and Düppel was singled to provide reparations. As of 1 December 1945, therefore, only shuttles ran between Düppel and Zehlendorf.

As of 15 June 1948 this section was electrified, to reduce the significant costs of steam operations. The line was affected by the boycott of the S-Bahn by potential passengers from West Berlin after the building of the Berlin Wall and the establishment of parallel bus routes. Trains often ran without a single passenger, although a driver and ticket collector were still required. Nevertheless, on 20 December 1972, the East Germany Railways established the new station of Zehlendorf Süd between Zehlendorf and Düppel near a new residential area in an attempt to increase passenger numbers.

After the West Berlin railway employees strike in late summer 1980, S-Bahn operations were closed on18 September 1980 on the Zehlendorf–Düppel section. The platform equipment were gradually dismantled and used elsewhere and the buildings collapsed over the years.

The Potsdam–Magdeburg main line in the German Democratic Republic

In 1952 border controls were installed in the formerly suburban station of Griebnitzsee. Due to the dismantling of the second track the capacity of the main line was greatly reduced. The opening of the Berlin outer ring in 1957 long-distance trains between Berlin and Werder (Havel) shifted to the new route to Berlin, with a new Potsdam Hauptbahnhof (now Potsdam Pirschheide) taking over the functions of the former Potsdam station, which was now served only by local trains. After the establishment of the Berlin Wall the Griebnitzsee border control station on the main railway was expanded for transit between East and West Berlin, with substantial changes to track work. The restoration of the second track between Magdeburg and Werder was completed in 1976. In 1983 the second track was restored to the section between Werder and Berlin-Wannsee.

Developments since 1989

New rail bridge over Neustädter Havelbucht in Potsdam

With the completion of the electrification of the Griebnitzsee–Brandenburg an der Havel–Biederitz section in December 1995, Intercity-Express trains could now take the direct route via Brandenburg instead of the now partially closed route through Bad Belzig and Güterglück (the strategic railway known as the Kanonenbahn, the "Cannons Railway"). At the same time the line was upgraded for a top speed of 160 km/h. The bridges over the Havel and Neustädter Bay in Potsdam had to be replaced, one of them with a new 57-metre tied-arch bridge, completed on 10 May 1995. The other bridge, a 90-year-old steel truss bridge had already been replaced.

After the opening of the Hanover–Berlin high-speed line in September 1998, long-distance traffic shifted to that route and the number of trains on the line through Brandenburg and Magdeburg fell heavily. After the Potsdam station was bombed and badly damaged in 1945 a minor building temporarily served as the main station building. Due to the reduced importance of the station during the Communist period the temporary station was able to handle the load. In 1999 the new Potsdam Hauptbahnhof was opened with three platforms (one for the Berlin S-Bahn) and a variety of shops. In the course of the work the former Potsdam freight yard was demolished.

Significant secondary and branch lines

Goerz Railway

Branching off from Lichterfelde West station a rail connection was opened in 1905, to the Schönow district on theTeltow Canal and the industrial area on the canal. The operation on the Zehlendorf railway was originally carried out with horse-drawn carriages. From 1908 it began to use a fireless locomotive. During World War I it used its first steam locomotive to serve the Goerz film supply factory. On the Goerz Railway passenger were also carried until this service was closed during World War II. The route currently serves as a branch line for freight, including automotive parts bound for the Ford factory in Cologne.

Relief line

From about 1900 there was a great need to relieve the railway lines in Berlin from an increase in freight traffic. The establishment of a bypass line around Berlin was also considered of strategic importance. Starting from Jüterbog on line runs via Seddin to Potsdam Wildpark station where the line joins the Berlin–Potsdam–Magdeburg Railway. A few kilometres further west, the route branches off in a northerly direction through Golm to Wustermark and Kremmen. Since 1957 the northern part has been part of the Berlin outer ring and carried heavy traffic, especially freight trains. Also Regionalbahn (local) line RB 21 runs between Griebnitzsee and Wustermark hourly. Every two hours local trains run between Potsdam and Hennigsdorf. The southern part is currently served by local trains on line RB 22 hourly. Freight trains generally use the Berlin outer ring.

Berlin outer ring

The 30 September 1956, the final section of the Berlin outer ring (German: Berliner Außenring, BAR) was completed, forming a ring around West Berlin. This extended the existing outer freight ring (Güteraußenring, GAR) by adding a new section between Werder and Saarmund crossing the Templiner See.

During the Communist period, the Berlin outer ring was of considerable importance for the long-distance and freight traffic. Almost all long-distance trains, except trains running between West Germany and West Berlin via Griebnitzsee branched off the main Magdeburg–Brandenburg–Potsdam line in Werder on to the outer ring in order to bypass West Berlin to the south to reach East Berlin. The line was one of the busiest routes in the East German Railway network. Regional services were provided by the so-called Sputnik trains every hour between Werder and Berlin-Karlhorst. Some of these trains connected to Brandenburg an der Havel.

The opening of the Potsdam Hauptbahnhof (now Potsdam Pirschheide Station) in 1956 and the establishment of the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961 meant that the Potsdam city station (now Potsdam Hauptbahnhof) lost most of its passengers. Only a limited service ran between Werder and Potsdam Babelsberg, and a few trains ran to Jüterbog.

With the opening of the border in 1989 and the renovation of the Berlin Stadtbahn in 1997 traffic flows changed substantially and by the BAR platforms on the upper part of Pirschheide station are now no longer served by passenger trains. The BAR is still heavily used by freight trains, both serving the Seddin marshalling yard (south of Potsdam) and for trains between western Germany and Poland.

Lehnin Light Railway

Between October 1899 and December 1965 (passenger) and October 1967 (freight), trains ran from Groß Kreutzstation on the 12 km long light railway to Lehnin via Nahmitz.

The Brandenburg Towns Railway and the steel works in Brandenburg an der Havel

Significant volumes of freight formerly ran over the originally private Brandenburg Towns Railways (Brandenburgische Städtebahn) to and from Brandenburg, which in turn connected near Brandenburg station to a formerly extensive network of sidings to the Philipp Weber iron and steel works and the city's port.

Light railways in Genthin and Güsen

Several branch lines were built from the railway stations of Genthin and Güsen there were that the Jerichower Land. From Genthin lines branched to Sandau via Jerichow; from Güsen lines branched to Ziesar and Jerichow. All of these branch lines were nationalised in 1949. They are all now closed for passenger traffic and except for short sections for freight traffic.

Burg bei Magdeburg

В Бурге Бей Магдебурге в 1883 году была основана фабрика обуви и ко -обувочной обуви, которая в результате Второй мировой войны стала крупнейшим производителем обуви в Европе. Это означало, что большое количество крупного рогатого скота требовалось для местной бойни, которая была открыта в 1899 году.

Проекты

Запланированная реконструкция линии туловища

После воссоединения были первоначально планировали открыть заброшенную часть линии магистрали (немецкий: Stammbahn ) между Берлином и Потсдамом. В рамках строительства новой главной линии север-юг для дальних и региональных поездов туннель под Tiergarten включает в себя сооружения, позволяющие соединение на более поздней стадии к линии ствола.

До недавнего времени этот проект не считался экономически оправданным. Вся линия багажника между области Глейсдрейка и станцией Зелендорфа должна была быть восстановлена. Маршрут должен быть расширен, чтобы поместиться в двойной линии дорожки в требуемых сейчас пространствах. Кроме того, многие из дорожных мостов должны быть восстановлены, чтобы обеспечить достаточные вертикальные зазоры для электрической работы. Другие железнодорожные мосты также должны быть обновлены для преодоления старения или неадекватных зазоров. Раздел между станциями Zehlendorf и Düppel должен быть восстановлен. Кроме того, существует ограниченный потенциальный дополнительный трафик, причем трафик на большие расстояния в настоящее время в основном передается на высокоскоростную линию Ганновера-Берлина и региональный трафик, способный использовать маршрут через Wanssee в Берлин Стадтбан .

С тех пор, однако, помещение значительно изменилось, поскольку и Берлин, и Потсдам, а также Kleinmachnow/Teltow/Stahnsdorf испытывают сильный рост населения, и линия также будет эффективно облегчить теперь перегруженный Берлинский Stadtbahn. В мае 2022 года правительство штата Бранденбург и Сенат Берлина объявили в совместном заявлении о том, что линия ствола должна быть восстановлена ​​в качестве региональной железнодорожной линии, который также поддерживается Deutsche Bahn.