Атлантик-авеню (Бостон)
 Атлантик-авеню на Эссекс-стрит, Бостон, 2010 г. | |
| Расположение | Бостон |
|---|---|
| Южный конец | Ниланд-стрит |
| Главный перекрестки |  I-93 в Бостоне |
| Северный конец | Коммерческая улица |
Атлантик-авеню — улица в центре Бостона, штат Массачусетс , частично служащая подъездной дорогой к подземной Центральной артерии ( I-93 ), а частично идущая вдоль Бостонской гавани . У него долгая история, за время которой он несколько раз переезжал.
История
[ редактировать ]То, что сейчас является Атлантик-авеню, когда-то было частью Брод-стрит и существовало только от дороги, все еще известной как Брод-стрит, на юг до Дьюи-сквер (перед Южным вокзалом ). Федерал-стрит (которая сейчас идет только на север от Дьюи-сквер) продолжалась на юг от Дьюи-сквер через нынешнее расположение Южного вокзала до моста на Федерал-стрит (ныне мост на Дорчестер-стрит) и далее на Южный Бостон и указывает на юг.
С 1868 по 1874 год [1] был построен участок к северу от Брод-стрит, переходящий в Коммершл-стрит, с помощью которого он образовывал прибрежный маршрут вокруг Норт-Энда , а часть Брод-стрит к югу от новой дороги была переименована в Атлантик-авеню. . Эта новая трасса прошла через середину нескольких бывших пристаней , особенно Лонг-Уорф , и вода к западу от Атлантик-авеню была засыпана. В 1872 году была построена грузовая железная дорога Союза , которая перевозила грузы между линиями на северной и южной сторонах центра города. и проходит по середине Атлантик-авеню.
In 1899, South Station opened, and as part of that project Federal Street was closed south of Dewey Square, and Atlantic Avenue was extended south along a new alignment on the west side of South Station. The Union Freight Railroad, which had used Federal Street, was also realigned onto the new alignment. Just south of Kneeland Street, the railroad continued straight but Atlantic Avenue had a quick S-curve to shift to the west side of the railroad, where it slowly rose and then turned southeast onto the Atlantic Avenue Viaduct over the full approach to South Station (the Boston and Albany and New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads), which after crossing the railroads immediately turned back to the south and crossed the Fort Point Channel. The road ended at the large intersection of Dorchester Avenue, Foundry Street and West First Street, serving the same purpose as Federal Street - taking vehicles to this intersection from Dewey Square.
The viaduct was gone by 1923, and Atlantic Avenue was truncated to just south of Kneeland Street at the S-curve. Traffic formerly using Atlantic Avenue to South Boston now used Dorchester Avenue around the east side of South Station, or headed west on Kneeland Street and south on Albany Street to one of the other Fort Point Channel crossings.
The next change happened in the 1950s, when the Central Artery (now I-93) was built. From Broad and High Streets south to Dewey Square, Atlantic Avenue was made one-way northbound as a frontage road for the Artery, with southbound traffic using Purchase Street on the other side of the Artery. Atlantic Avenue was kept two-way south of Dewey Square, where through traffic used the Surface Artery.
The Union Freight Railroad was abandoned in 1970, removing tracks from the center of Atlantic Avenue. Soon after, the road was realigned inland from Broad and High Streets most of the way to its north end, where it turned northeast and returned to its original alignment for the final block to Commercial Street, roughly along the old Mercantile and Richmond Streets. A short section of Old Atlantic Avenue exists in the original location between Milk and State Streets.
When the Big Dig put the Artery underground in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the full section along the Artery, as well as the southern end, was converted to one-way northbound, with southbound traffic on the other side, known in sections as Surface Artery, Purchase Street and again Surface Artery. The new northbound tunnel was built under Atlantic Avenue south of Dewey Square. Only the part curving away from the Artery to end at Commercial Street remained two-way. South of Kneeland Street, a ramp from the northbound Artery and its frontage road joins the intersection of Kneeland Street and Atlantic Avenue.
Railroads and other transportation
[edit]By 1871, the Dorchester Avenue Railroad ran along Atlantic Avenue south of Broad Street (still called Broad Street at the time) as part of its route between downtown and Dorchester. However, 1872 and 1874 maps show these tracks removed in favor of tracks along Beach Street. An 1888 map appears to show tracks again, along the full length of Atlantic Avenue (ending at the Commercial Street merge), and an 1897 map shows tracks not only on all of Atlantic Avenue but also on Commercial Street towards North Station.
In 1872, the Union Freight Railroad was built along Atlantic Avenue, connecting freight lines on both sides of downtown. It was removed in 1970. The 1899 extension of Atlantic Avenue also resulted in a realignment of the railroad.
From 1901 to 1938 (torn down in the early 1940s), the Atlantic Avenue Elevated carried passengers above Atlantic Avenue north of Beach Street.
By 1925, all streetcar tracks had been removed from the central part of downtown, and tracks along Atlantic Avenue north of Summer Street (Dewey Square) took streetcars around downtown. These too were gone by 1953.
Buses on the 6 South Station - Haymarket Station via North End route now use the full length of Atlantic Avenue (northbound only along the Big Dig).
None of Atlantic Avenue has ever been part of a numbered state, U.S. or Interstate route.
See also
[edit]
