Прага Славянский Конгресс, 1848
Пражский славянский конгресс 1848 года ( чешский : Слованский Sjezd , Слованский : Слованский Зджазд/Конгрес ) состоялась в Праге , Австрийская империя (ныне Чешская Республика ) с 2 июня и 12 июня 1848 года. Славянские популяции Европы были услышаны в одном месте. [ 1 ]
Несколько других славянских конгрессов были проведены в разных центрах и восточно -европейских городах в течение следующего столетия.
Фон
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Эта инициатива была получена от Павела Жозефа Шафарика и Джозипа Джелачича , но была организована чешскими активистами Франтишеком Палаки , Карлом Заппом , Карел Хавличеком Боровским и Франтишек Ладислав Ригер .
Точная цель Конгресса была неясной, даже когда она началась. В дополнение к отсутствию цели, планировщики конференции также ссорились из -за формата и повестки дня собрания. [ 2 ] Возможно, это было признаком того, насколько сложной будет конференция, чтобы фракции собрались вместе.
Once underway, the conference met in three sections: Poles and Ukrainians (at that time Ruthenians); South Slavs; and Czecho-Slovaks. The Pole-Ukrainian section contained a combination of Ruthenes, Mazurians, Greater Poles, and Lithuanians.[3] Of the total 340 delegates at the Congress, the greatest number came from the Czecho-Slovak section. 237 Czecho-Slovaks participated along with 42 South Slavs and 61 Pole-Ukrainian.[4] German was the primary language used during discussions.[citation needed]
During the Congress, there was debate about the role of Austria in the lives of the Slavs. Dr. Josef Frič argued that the “primary goal is the preservation of Austria”, adding that the Congress “only differs on the means.”[5] This point was disputed by Ľudovít Štúr who told the Congress, “our goal is self-preservation”.[6] Such a disconnect was typical of the environment of this conference.
One important statement did come out of the conference around 10 June, when the Manifesto to the Nations of Europe was pronounced. The statement was a strongly worded proclamation that demanded an end to the oppression of the Slav people.[7] The Slavs did not look for any type of revenge,[8] but they wanted to “extend a brotherly hand to all neighbouring nations who are prepared to recognize and effectively champion with us the full equality of all nations, irrespective of their political power or size”.[9] This was an important development because it indicated some sort of unity among all of the Slav people of Europe.[10]
The Congress was cut short on 12 June because of the Prague Uprising of 1848 that erupted due to Austrian garrison in Prague opened fire on a peaceful demonstration.[11][12] This later became known as the Whitsuntide events because of the timing during the Christian holiday of Pentecost. The delegates left in disgust[clarification needed] and some were even arrested because of the revolutionary nature of the Congress[13] which marked a period in the history of Austria as the Bach's absolutism (after the Interior Minister Baron Alexander von Bach). Among arrested was Mikhail Bakunin who became apprehended in Dresden in 1849 for his involvement in 1848 Prague events and deported to the Russian Empire.
Congress Commissions
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Czech-Slovak Commission
[edit]- František Palacký, Czech historian, oversaw the entire conference as president.
- Pavel Jozef Šafárik, Slovak philologist, poet, literary historian and ethnographer, chairman of the Czecho-Slovaks.
- Ľudovít Štúr, Slovak poet, journalist, publisher, teacher, philosopher, linguist and member of the Hungarian Parliament.
- František Zach, Czech-born soldier and military theorist.
Polish-Ruthenian Commission
[edit]The commission was created on the initiative of František Palacký and Mikhail Bakunin. It was headed by Leon Sapieha and discussed issues of the Polish-Ruthenian relations. Galician Ruthenians (native pronunciation Rusyns, modern Ukrainians) were represented by the political organizations Supreme Ruthenian Council and Ruthenian sobor.
- Karol Libelt, Polish philosopher, writer, political and social activist, social worker, chairman of the Poles and Ukrainians.
- Supreme Ruthenian Council (Iwan Borysykewycz, Hryhorij Hynyłewycz, Ołeksa Zakłynśkyj)
- Ruthenian sobor (Leon Sapieha, Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, Kasper Cięglewicz, Ludwik Stecki)
South Slavic Commission
[edit]- Stanko Vraz, Slovene poet, vice-president of congress.
- Pavo Stamatović, Serbian writer, historian, and archpriest, chairman of the South Slavs.
- Jovan Subotić, Serbian lawyer, writer, politician and academic.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Magocsi, Paul R.; Pop, Ivan Ivanovich (2002). Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture. University of Toronto Press. p. 373. ISBN 9780802035660. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
- ^ (Orton 57)
- ^ (Orton 62)
- ^ (Orton 63)
- ^ (Orton 69)
- ^ (Ортон 69)
- ^ (Orton 87)
- ^ (Orton 88)
- ^ (Orton 88)
- ^ (Polišenský 147)
- ^ (Orton 86)
- ^ Gogina, K. 1848 Prague Uprising. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. 1979
- ^ (Orton 86)
Дальнейшее чтение
[ редактировать ]- Майкл Дж. Флэк (1953). Славянные конгрессы и панславизм, 1848-1914 . Флетчер школа права и дипломатии.
- Лоуренс Д. Ортон (1978). Пражский славянский конгресс 1848 года . Восточно -европейский квартал. ISBN 978-0-914710-39-4 .
- Horst Haselsteiner (2000). Пражский славянский конгресс 1848: славянская идентичность . Восточно -европейские монографии. ISBN 978-0-88033-450-1 .
- Полишенский, Йозеф: Аристократы и толпа в революционном 1848 году . Олбани: Государственный университет Нью -Йорк Пресс, 1980.
- Ян Козик. Украинское национальное движение в Галиции: 1815–1849 . Канадский институт украинской исследования .
Внешние ссылки
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- Славянский конгресс в Праге в Энциклопедии Украины
- Доктор Т. Макив. 150 лет назад: Украинское национальное пробуждение в Халихине . Украинский еженедельник . 8 ноября 1998 года.
- Stebliy, FI 1848 Славянский конгресс в Праге . Энциклопедия истории Украины.
