Изгнание мусульман из северной провинции Шри -Ланка

Изгнание мусульман из северной провинции было актом этнической чистки осуществляется организацией тамильских боевиков Освобождения Tigers of Tamil Eelam ТОТИ, политический представитель ТОТИ (ТОТИ) в октябре 1990 года . Политический представитель ТОТИ в качестве сотрудников с Шри -Ланки Армией . Как следствие, в октябре 1990 года ТОТИ насильственно изгнала 72 000 мусульман из северной провинции.

Фон

В первые годы тамильской политической борьбы за лингвистический паритет несколько человек шри-ланкийцев в качестве тамил-говорящих людей, отождествленные с тамильским делом, и участвовали в нем. Даже в первые годы тамильской боевой борьбы за сепаратизм несколько мусульманских молодых людей присоединились к тамильским боевикам , хотя тамильские боевики также были принудили нанять мусульманскую молодежь. Однако, несмотря на то, что они являются тамильской группой, мусульмане считают себя другой этнической принадлежностью или используют свою религиозную идентичность в качестве основной идентичности. С созданием мусульманского конгресса Шри -Ланки (SLMC) 21 сентября 1981 года идея мусульманского народа Шри -Ланки была отделена от тамилов. Из -за этого они чувствовали, что если цель Тамил Элама будет достигнута, они будут «меньшинством в штате меньшинства», и SLMC были решительно против идеи тамильского элама . Ситуация была еще более усугублена созданием мусульманской домашней гвардии правительством Шри -Ланки, что привело к насильственным столкновениям между двумя общинами. Tensions between the Tamils and Muslims were at an all-time high.

Expulsion

The first expulsion was of 1,500 people in Chavakachcheri. After this, many Muslims in Kilinochchi and Mannar were forced to leave their homeland. The turn of Jaffna came on 30 October 1990, when LTTE trucks drove through the streets ordering Muslim families to assemble at Osmania College. On October 30 early morning, the LTTE ordered the northern Muslims to leave in two hours and to be leave behind every material possession that belonged to the community or otherwise to face death. Each person was allowed only 150 rupees each and only one set of clothes. Feeble protests were raised by Muslims. However, the brandishing of sophisticated weapons and threats in aggressive tones quickly silenced them. Women and girls were stripped of jewels. Some LTTE women cadres were brutal even pulling out ear studs with blood spurting in the ear lobes. At least 35 wealthy Muslim businessmen were abducted. They were detained by the LTTE. Some Muslim jewellers were tortured for details of hidden gold. One jeweller was killed by the beatings in front of the others. Later huge sums of money were demanded for their release. Some paid up to 3 million. The abducted persons were released in stages over the years. 13 people however never returned and were presumed dead. Moreover, the LTTE had expropriated Muslim homes, lands, and businesses and threatened Muslim families with death if they attempt to return.

The entire Muslim population was expelled from Jaffna. According to a 1981 census (the last official count), the total Muslim population in Jaffna was 14,844. In total, over 14,400 Muslim families, roughly 72,000 people, were forcibly evicted from LTTE-controlled areas of the Northern Province. This includes 38,000 people from Mannar, 20,000 from Jaffna and Kilinochchi, 9,000 from Vavuniya and 5,000 from Mullaitivu. The flight to government-controlled areas was dangerous. Muslims found themselves in the crossfire between the LTTE and the army, and some were killed and injured.

Most of the Muslims were resettled in Puttalam district, though the Jaffna Muslim refugees can be found in other parts of Sri Lanka as well.

Tareek, a former resident of Jaffna, recounted the expulsion as follows:

"People believed you could take what you could carry, but at every junction the LTTE took things from us. At that time my eldest son was not even one year old, and they took even the milk packets that we had for him. As they did so, they told us, “If you ever talk about this, we will shoot you.” In the end, we had only the clothes we were wearing … My younger sisters couldn't even keep the jewellery they were wearing; they even took earrings from their ears. For us Muslims, it's a big thing when these young men are touching our women's ears and necks to take the jewellery off. When the women cadres searched our young women, they took them behind a screen … Inside, they took all the money … We came here with bare pockets. That's like everybody behind us."

Aftermath

Apologies and resettlement by LTTE

The expulsion still carries bitter memories amongst Sri Lanka's Muslims. In a press conference in Kilinochchi in 2002, the LTTE negotiator and political strategist Anton Balasingham appeared alongside the LTTE leader Vellupillai Prabhakaran and explained that they had already apologized to the Muslims and that the Tamil homeland also belonged to the Muslim people. Balasingham also expressed that the expulsion of the Muslims from Jaffna was a political blunder which could not be justified and said that the LTTE leadership would be willing to re-settle them in the northern district. There has been a stream of Muslims travelling to and from Jaffna since the ceasefire. Some families have returned and the re-opened Osmaniya College now has 450 students enrolled. 11 Mosques are functioning again. According to a Jaffna Muslim source, there is a floating population of about 2000 Muslims in Jaffna. Around 1500 are Jaffna Muslims, while the rest are Muslim traders from other areas. About 10 Muslim shops are functioning and the numbers are thought to have grown.

Hindrances for the return of internally displaced individuals to their traditional lands

On October 10, 2012, the government of Sri Lanka published several gazettes that effectively expanded the Wilpattu National Park's boundary to include northern provinces' regions. The original boundary of the park had enclosed the Puttalam District in the south and Anuradhapura District in the east. However, this expansion of the boundary prevented many people from returning to their homes and traditional lands within the newly designated park boundaries. The move was made under section 3 of the Forest Conservation Ordinance, chapter 451.

See also

• List of attacks attributed to the LTTE
• Expulsion of non-resident Tamils from Colombo
• Kattankudy mosque massacre
• Persecution of Muslims

Внешние ссылки

• Эссе - «Мусульмане имеют право знать из руководства ТОТИ»