Континентальные игроки
Континентальные игроки были недолговечным, хотя и хорошо хроничным голливуде театральным мастерской, основанной на и акционерной компании, основанной в 1938 году Максом Рейнхардтом и Уильямом Дитерле . Он поддерживал голливудские руководители фильма с целью повышения карьеры европейских фанатов в Америке , особенно изгнав евреев из Германии и Австрии .
История
[ редактировать ]Die Richs of Culturers 1933 года
[ редактировать ]В Германии, в 1933 году, по указу Джозефа Гоббелса под недавно созданным агентством под названием Die Reichskulturkammer (DKK), еврейские актеры, среди прочего, запретили выступать на немецкой сцене.
Цель акционерной компании
[ редактировать ]The main objective of The Continental Players was to help newly arrived European actors and actresses warm-up to American audiences and hone their performing skills in the English language. A sub-objective was to cultivate employment opportunities by producing showcase productions – somewhat akin to a baseball farm team – for newly arrived talent. William Dieterle, who conceived the idea, was president. The board included powerful industry luminaries Harry Warner, Charlotte Hagenbruch (wife of William Dieterle), A. Ronald Button, Leopold Jessner, and Walter Wanger, who, at the time, was President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Wanger financed the project. Only a few of the 60 initial members were Jewish exiles. Most members, nonetheless, faced challenges as actors and actresses in America. Of those who had already assimilated and established themselves, participation elevated the comradery and esprit de corps for the cause. The Continental Players had two notable sponsoring organizations: (i) the Американская Гильдия для немецкой культурной свободы (DE) -Томас Манн , президент и (ii) немецко-американская лига культуры, Лос-Анджелес (общенациональная лига против Хитлера; нельзя путать с его заклятым врагом, немецким американским бундом )
The theater workshop, since June 1938, had been led by Max Reinhardt under the auspices of Max Reinhardt's Workshop of Stage, Screen, and Radio. Reinhardt provided the studios with well-trained bit actors. According to author Saverio Giovacchini in his 2001 book, Hollywood Modernism, the workshop well-represented an alliance between Hollywood New Yorkers and Europeans as much as it exemplified a close relationship between Hollywood and experimental cinema. Dieterle taught film directing; Henry Blanke – film production; Karl Freund and Rudolph Maté – experimental camerawork; John Huston – screenwriting; Edward G. Robinson and Paul Muni – acting; and Samson Raphaelson – dramaturgy.[1]
Production
[edit]In May and June 1939, The Continental Players produced William Tell. Leopold Jessner directed it for the sixth and last time in his career. The play had been controversial on German stage, partly due to a 1919 production directed by Jessner at the Stadttheater Berlin, wherein, instead of mounting a traditional repertory version with conservative themes, Jessner decided on a complete German expressionistic recast – replete with discordant speech and scenic experimentation designed by Emil Pirchan (de). The set was cubistic with platforms, runways, and steps. Jessner's 1919 production angered right-wing conservatives and fascists.
The 1939 production failed, financially, due partly to actors struggling in English and partly to the version being non-traditional. The loss, about $30,000, was an impetus for shuttering the erstwhile popular production venue, The Players Dinner Theater. Yet, the effort was chronicled favorably as altruistic.
| Dates | Play | Writer(s) | Director | Theater |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 25 – June 12, 1939 | William Tell | Adaptation of Friedrich Schiller's 1804 original (two acts and ten scenes) |
Leopold Jessner | El Capitan Theatre Hollywood The Continental Players |
| Cast: Louis Adlon; Siegfried Arno (Stuessi); Lutz Altschul (Rösselmann); Norbert J. Kobler (1916–2003), son of German actor and director, Julius Kobler (de); Ernst Lenart (de); Sigmund Nunberg (de); Friedrich Mellinger; Ernst Deutsch (the dictator); Leo Reuss (aka Lionel Royce) (William Tell); Norbert Schiller (de), great-great-great nephew of the playwright[2] (Baumgarten); Gerhard Schaefer (Arnold von Melchtal); Hans Schumm; Walter O. Stahl (de); Rudolf Steinbock (de); Christiane Grautoff (de) (Ernst Toller's wife) (Hedwig, Tell's wife); Eva Hyde (aka Heyde; née Heymann; 1910–1955)[a] (Armgard); Hermine Sterler (Gertrude Stauffacher); Alexander Granach (Stauffacher); Bobby Moya (young Tell). | ||||
| Leopold Jessner, director; Ralph Freed, text; Rudi Feld, art director (costumes and set design); Ernst Toch, music score; Ingolf Dahl, conductor;[3][4] Simon Mitchneck, Phd (1893–1986), English and voice coach (linguist). | ||||
Experimental theater companies in Los Angeles in the latter 1930s
[edit]- Contemporary Theater, founded 1934 by a coalition of Europeans and New Yorkers[1]
- Modern Theater, founded by Edward Gering (brother of Marion Gering), with the help of Fritz Lang, Francis Lederer, Frank Capra, and Salka Viertel
- Hollywood Theater Alliance, founded 1939; Gertrude Ross Marks (de) was managing director
Notes and references
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Eva Hyde (née Eva Heymann; 1910–1953), a Munich-born actress who was exiled in 1937, was the third wife of composer Werner R. Heymann, her first husband whom she divorced in 1940. She was a distant cousin of Werner Heymann. In 1952, she married artist Klaus Brill (1913–2007).
Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Джоваччини, Саверио (2001). Голливудский модернизм: кино и политика в эпоху Нового курса . Храмовая издательство Университета . ISBN 978-1-56639-863-3 Полем OCLC 924379553 . ISBN 1566398622 , 9781566398626 , 1566398630 «Континентальные игроки», с. 110
«Современный театр», с. 110
«Современный театр», с. 110
«Голливудский театральный альянс», с. 110 - ^ «Беженцы, чтобы действовать здесь - сценические звезды вынуждены покинуть нацистские районы, которым помогают кино», Los Angeles Times , 1 мая 1939 года, часть 2, с. 3 (доступно через Newspapers.com на www
.newspapers .с /изображение /160145814 ) - ^ "Kalifornien: Леопольд Джесснер" (из документов Marta Mierendorff в USC ), Джон М. Спалек (род. 1928) и Джозеф П. Стрелька (DE) (ред.), Deutsche Exilliretaratur с 1933, вып. 1, № 1, Государственный университет Нью -Йорка Олбани (1976), стр. 738–739; OCLC 489704553
- ^ Леопольд Джесснер - директор Республики: Путь немецкого директора -ивиша из Восточной Пруссии Матиас Хейлманн, Макс Нимейер Верлаг (DE) (2005; 2011); OCLC 979970340