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Хроники средней школы Коулуна

Хроники средней школы Коулуна
для Nintendo Switch Рекламный арт ремастера Kowloon High-School Chronicle .
Разработчик(и)
  • Кричать! Проектные работы
  • Toybox Inc. (ремастер)
Издатель(и)
Director(s)Shuuhou Imai
Composer(s)Takashi Nitta
SeriesRelated to
Tokyo Majin Gakuen Denki
Platform(s)
ReleasePlayStation 2
  • JP: September 16, 2004[1]
re:charge
  • JP: September 28, 2006[2]
Nintendo Switch
PlayStation 4
Windows
  • WW: November 10, 2022[8]
Genre(s)Dungeon crawler, role-playing, visual novel, puzzle
Mode(s)Single-player

Хроники средней школы Коулуна [ а ] — японская видеоигра 2004 года. По жанру это по подземельям гибрид ролевой видеоигры и визуальной новеллы . Он был разработан Shout! Design Works и первоначально опубликовано Atlus для PlayStation 2 в Японии. В 2020 году он получил ремастер для Nintendo Switch , который в следующем году был локализован на английский язык, а в 2022 году последовали порты для PlayStation 4 и Windows .

Создан по мотивам таких фильмов, как «Индиана Джонс» и «Мумия» . [ 9 ] игра вращается вокруг исследования руин Древнего Египта в поисках сокровищ. Египетские аспекты контрастируют с японскими элементами, такими как мифы из Нихон Сёки . [ 10 ] Главный герой также посещает современную японскую среднюю школу, постепенно налаживая отношения со своими одноклассниками. Будучи ролевой игрой с социальными элементами и вращающейся вокруг старшеклассников, сражающихся с фольклорными монстрами, игру сравнивают с современными играми из серии Persona , хотя «Коулун» предшествует этим записям. [ 11 ]

Series director Shuuhou Imai has a long history of making games in the category he calls gakuen juvenile denki (學園ジュヴナイル伝奇, lit. "young adult school fantasy"), starting with the Tokyo Majin Gakuen Denki series. Though Kowloon is inextricably linked to the series and even takes place in the same fictional universe,[9] it is only the second related video game to be released in English, after Tokyo Twilight Ghost Hunters. Kowloon, along with other games under the gakuen juvenile denki moniker, is considered a cult classic in Japan,[12][13] но привлек сравнительно мало внимания на Западе.

Plot

[edit]

The player assumes the role of a young treasure hunter who has learned of the existence of an ancient, treasure-filled ruin underneath Kamiyoshi Academy in Shinjuku, Tokyo. Entering the school as a faux transfer student, his true goal is to explore these ruins and unearth the treasures (and OOPArts) they hold. This is not an uncomplicated task, however: the ruins reveal themselves to be an upside-down Ancient Egyptian pyramid, guarded by traps and age-old monsters of Japanese myth – and the school's student council, being more than it seems at first glance, is equally determined to get in the way.[14]

The story is told as in an anime: divided up into "episodes", each one starts and ends with the same opening and ending sequences, and has separate sub-stories contained to each episode.[11]

Gameplay

[edit]
A tennis ball is thrown at an enemy in the dungeon crawler mode. Unlike the environments, enemies are rendered as 2D sprites.

The game is divided into two primary modes: 3D dungeon crawler RPG segments, which consist of exploring the ruins underneath the school to retrieve treasure, and visual novel segments, which further the story and allow for interaction with the game's characters. Joining the two are various skeuomorphic menus – such as maps and Windows 95-styled computer screens – that allow moving around the school and accepting quests.[11]

In the tradition of classic dungeon crawlers such as Wizardry, the RPG segments assume a tile-based first-person perspective. Actions are turn-based, with characters having a given number of action points to spend before the turn ends. Attacks are carried out as if it were an action game, allowing the player to aim and shoot with a cursor.[10] Atypically for the time, the game features a crafting system, through which two items can be combined to synthesize a new one. Unlike traditional dungeon crawlers, dungeon segments also heavily feature puzzles, some of which require use of this crafting system.[11]

Returning from the Tokyo Majin Gakuen Denki series is the Emotion Input System[b] used in the visual novel segments, albeit with differing specifics. When speaking to characters, in addition to standard text options, a wheel-shaped interface will sporadically appear. This wheel is adorned with eight different emotions – two in each cardinal direction – selectable by pressing or holding the corresponding direction on the D-pad. There are nine possible responses: "joy", "love", "amity", "hot", "cold", "anger", "somber", "grief", and finally ignoring the other party (by pressing nothing).[15] Depending on the selection, the player's relationship to the character may improve or worsen, and they may become a party member with unique stats and abilities for the dungeon segments.[11]

Included as a bonus mode is Rockford Adventure, an original PC-98-styled retro dungeon crawler RPG. Progress in this game rewards the player with statistic bonuses in the main game.[16]

Editions

[edit]

Beyond the 2004 original, two further versions of the game have been produced.

re:charge

[edit]

On September 28, 2006 – two years after the original game – Atlus published an enhanced edition for the PlayStation 2, subtitled re:charge[c]. It features various improvements, such as a procedurally generated infinite dungeon inspired by Atlus's Wizardry: Tale of the Forsaken Land, extra scenarios, epilogues for each character as well as for the main story, and new quest clients.[2][17][12] On April 24, 2008, a budget reissue was released under the "Atlus Best Collection" label.[18]

ORIGIN OF ADVENTURE

[edit]

In 2020 – 16 years after the original game's release – Arc System Works published a remaster of the game for Nintendo Switch (with a PlayStation 4 version announced), subtitled ORIGIN OF ADVENTURE in Japan. This edition was released the following year in English as simply Kowloon High-School Chronicle. It adapts only the original game, foregoing the content of re:charge. Though it primarily aims to recreate the original game as closely as possible, some improvements were made.

In addition to implementing widescreen in the dungeon segments as well as recreating or re-sampling assets for HD, difficulty options were added. The original game features only partial voice acting, but for this remaster, the original voice actors were brought back to implement optional full voice acting (excluding Miyu Matsuki, who had since died, and a small number of actors who were unavailable).[12]

Beyond the digital edition released through the Nintendo eShop, this version also received a Japanese physical edition, as well as a limited edition entitled "Yomigaeru Hihō-Ban" (蘇える秘宝版, lit. "Restored Treasure Edition"). The limited edition features the game, a box, a figure of Kotaro Minakami (a character from the game), an art book, and a CD of a newly produced audio drama.[4] Though only released digitally in North America, the European edition of the game received a physical edition published by PQube, along with a limited edition consisting of the game, a box, and two acrylic art standees.[19]

Development

[edit]

Original

[edit]

After the development of Tokyo Majin Gakuen: Gehōchō, director Shuuhou Imai wished to create a new "young adult school fantasy" series. Fearing that it might draw unfavorable comparisons from fans if it was too similar to his previous work, he aimed to differentiate the new game both in theme and in characters.[9]

The treasure-hunting theme of the game was inspired by films such as Indiana Jones and The Mummy, as well as Hideyuki Kikuchi's novel series Treasure Hunter Yagashira Dai[d] (which similarly stars a high schooler who secretly hunts treasure) and the manga Spriggan. Imai, being a fan of treasure hunter stories, chose the theme as he felt that it was rare in the medium of video games. The game's crafting system was inspired by the survival skills depicted in MacGyver and the manga Master Keaton.[9]

Imai has attributed the choice of first-person 3D to two factors. For one, he felt that in order to depict a pyramid in a video game, 3D was the only option.[10] In a later interview, he stated that he has always wished for the protagonist in his games to be a self-insert proxy for the player, but that the isometric perspective of his earlier work necessitated graphics and voice acting for the main character. The first-person perspective, then, was a way to at last make a true silent protagonist.[9]

Remaster

[edit]

The remaster for Nintendo Switch (later ported to other platforms) was proposed by Minoru Kidooka, executive producer at Arc System Works, who approached Imai with the idea. Imai had previously wanted to make a sequel, but the original game was initially met with poor sales, which precluded such a chance. However, he anticipated that if a remaster was successful, it may create the possibility for a sequel on modern platforms. The project initially targeted traditional home consoles, but development shifted to the Nintendo Switch upon the console's release.[12]

Developed by Toybox Inc., the remaster is made from the ground up in the game engine Unity. The high-definition assets used are a mix of re-sampled originals obtained from the game's original publisher Atlus, and complete recreations. Due to the time- and labor-intensive recreation process, the content of re:charge was not included, with the producer stating that doing so would have doubled the development required.[12]

Reception

[edit]

Kowloon High-School Chronicle is considered a cult classic in Japan, with Nishikawa of Famitsu describing it as "a work that enjoys indefatigable popularity to this day"[e][12] – a sentiment echoed by Taijiro Yamanaka of Automaton Media.[13] The Nintendo Switch remaster was nominated for "Best Adventure Game" in the 2020 Famitsu Dengeki Game Awards [ja].[22]

The game's dungeon segments have been largely well received. Makoto Kawachi of IGN Japan found the battle system to be balanced, and praised it for requiring trial and error in the strategy employed.[21] Abraham Kobylanski of RPGFan similarly noted a "tactical feel" in the game's battles, finding the action point system to be interesting and a "nice challenge".[14] Nagaame of Dengeki Online emphasized the dungeon segments' controls, saying that "It was outstandingly fun to assign weapons to buttons and fight as though it were an action game."[f] Paul Shkreli of RPGamer, on the other hand, found the game to have "outdated mechanics" and "problematic balancing issues" – though submitted that it "generally works".[11]

Of particular note is the Emotion Input System, which has been praised and criticized in similar measure. Joel Couture of Siliconera opined that it "makes conversations feel realistic", stating that "[i]n offering this system and presenting it in such a mysterious way, [it captures] that awkward feeling of starting at a new school". He also imparted, "It really felt like I was getting comfortable with new friends as they grew more comfortable with me."[15] Kawachi found the system to augment role-playing, but lamented its obtuse nature and minimal impact on the story,[21] while Shkreli described the interface as "difficult to decipher".[11]

Shkreli characterized the game's writing as "over the top"; a "hypnotic mix of Egyptian occult, survival horror, and high school anime tropes".[11] Kawachi considered the story "typical",[g] but remarked that "eccentric character designs and voices make an immense impression, and as a result the characters are all unforgettable".[h] Kobylanski, meanwhile, argued that the game's social elements are "uncomfortable" and that the game has a "gross vibe", owing to romantic overtones and characters perceived to be offensive – though also praised the story as "emotionally affecting".[14] Multiple characters – the protagonist's classmate Kotaro Minakami especially – have found lasting popularity in fandom and doujin culture.[9]

At launch, Kawachi criticized the Nintendo Switch remaster for having a "fatal abundance of bugs"[i] that break the game balance[21] – though numerous patches have since been released,[23] which IGN Japan considered to address the issues.[24]

Other media

[edit]

Similar to other titles under the Tokyo Majin Gakuen Denki umbrella, Kowloon follows a media mix marketing strategy, and as such various tangential media has been produced.

Audio dramas

[edit]

As is the case for many games in and related to the franchise, multiple audio dramas based upon the game have been produced. These audio dramas feature the game's voice actors acting out scenarios penned by Shuuhou Imai. The first – a detective drama – was released in two volumes on September 22, 2005, and October 21, 2005, respectively,[25] and sees characters from the game work together to solve a set of mysteries at their school festival.[26] The second was produced for the Japanese limited edition of the Nintendo Switch remaster, and explores the characters' lives after the end of the game, as well as recreating part of the epilogues exclusive to re:charge.[4][12]

Soundtrack

[edit]

Composed by Takashi Nitta (also the composer for the Tokyo Majin Gakuen Denki series), the game's soundtrack has received particular notice. In a review, Patrick Gann of RPGFan described it saying "sometimes it's funky, sometimes it's smooth, sometimes it's crazy atonal jazz, and other times it's 'espionage jazz' (you know, James Bond music)", and that "every track is a winner". The game's opening sequence, along with its music, has been perceived as an homage to the anime Cowboy Bebop and the music thereof.[27][21]

The soundtrack was published across two releases on February 25, 2005[28] and December 22, 2006.[26] The latter is subtitled "The Lost Third Disc",[j] and contains full versions of the songs that play while exploring the ruins, as well as the soundtrack for Rockford Adventure.[29]

Books

[edit]

A screenplay was published in two volumes by Shinkigensha [ja] on November 1, 2004, and December 1, 2004. It contains most of the game's script including branching paths, and unusually doubles as a "choose your own adventure"-style gamebook, allowing the story to be "played" through on paper.[30][31] On July 1, 2005, Koei published a making-of in the form of a book. In addition to detailing the game's development and interviewing development staff, it contains further worldbuilding not included in the game.[32] Beyond these two, various art books, strategy guides, and manga anthologies have been produced by third parties.

Kowloon Machiuke H.A.N.T

[edit]

Kowloon Machiuke H.A.N.T[k] is a mobile game that was once playable via Atlus's mobile website on Japanese feature phones. In it, the player may talk to two characters from the game each real-world day, and use a simplified version of the emotion input system to converse with them. Should the player choose correctly, they receive one of 75 different wallpaper images for use on their mobile phone.

Minakami-Yama no Nazo wo Oe!!

[edit]

Released on June 29, 2007, Kowloon Yōma Gakuen-Ki Special DVD: [Rosetta Kyōkai] Kyokuhi File – Minakami-Yama no Nazo wo Oe!![l] is an adventure DVD game in which the player heads to Mt. Minakami - a real mountain in Nagano Prefecture – in search of a character from the game who has gone missing. Using the DVD player remote to select options, a simplified version of the emotion input system is even implemented. Through this gameplay, the player may unlock video content such as interviews and making-of footage.[33]

Mt. Minakami is known as a hotspot for supernatural happenings. According to Imai, the in-game character Kotaro Minakami was named after the mountain for this reason.[34]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Japanese: 九龍妖魔學園紀, Hepburn: Kūron Yōma Gakuen-Ki, lit. "Kowloon Spirit Academy Chronicle". The kanji spelling of "Kowloon" means "nine dragons", referring to nine potential legendary treasures in the game's universe, and bears relation to the area in Hong Kong in name only.[9]
  2. ^ 感情入力システム, kanjō nyūryoku shisutemu
  3. ^ 再装填(re:charge), rīchāji, lit. "reloaded" (by the meaning of the kanji, as opposed to the furigana reading)
  4. ^ トレジャー・ハンター八頭大, lit. "Treasure Hunter Dai Yagashira"
  5. ^ 「いまだに根強い人気を誇る作品」, "imada ni nezuyoi ninki wo hokoru sakuhin"
  6. ^ 「ボタンに武器を割り振って、アクションゲーム的に戦えるのがすごく楽しかったです。」, "Botan ni buki wo warifutte, akushongēmu-teki ni tatakaeru no ga sugoku tanoshikatta desu."
  7. ^ 「王道」, "ōdō"
  8. ^ 「奇抜なグラフィックや口調などはインパクト抜群で忘れられなくなるような人物ばかりだ」, "kibatsu na gurafikku ya kuchō nado wa inpakuto batsugun de wasurerarenakunaru yō na jinbutsu bakari da"
  9. ^ 「致命的なバグの多さ」, "chimeiteki na bagu no ōsa"
  10. ^ 失われた第三のディスク, Ushinawareta Dai San no Disuku
  11. ^ 九龍待受H.A.N.T, lit. "Kowloon Wallpaper H.A.N.T"
  12. ^ 九龍妖魔學園紀SPECIAL DVD　《ロゼッタ協会》極秘ファイル皆神山の謎を追え!!, lit. "Kowloon High-School Chronicle Special DVD: [Rosetta Society] Top Secret File – Chase the Mystery of Mt. Minakami!!!"

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "『九龍妖魔學園紀 ORIGIN OF ADVENTURE』が2020年春にスイッチで発売決定！【Nintendo Direct 2019.9.5】" [Kowloon High-School Chronicle: Origin of Adventure Announced for a Spring 2020 Release on Nintendo Switch! [Nintendo Direct 2019-09-05]] (in Japanese). Famitsu. September 5, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "「スペシャルDVD」の発売も決定！ 『九龍妖魔學園紀re：charge』発売記念イベント" ["Special DVD" Announced! Kowloon High-School Chronicle: re:charge Release Party] (in Japanese). Dengeki Online. August 28, 2006. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  3. ^ Hall, Corey (February 2, 2021). "Kowloon High-School Chronicle Makes Western Debut on Nintendo Switch this Week". RPGFan. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c "『九龍妖魔學園紀 ORIGIN OF ADVENTURE』の発売日が6月4日に決定。フィギュアや新作ドラマCD付きの『蘇える秘宝版』も発売決定" [Kowloon High-School Chronicle: Origin of Adventure Releases on June 4th. "Restored Treasure Edition" Featuring Figure and New Audio Drama CD Announced] (in Japanese). Famitsu. February 6, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
  5. ^ "Kowloon High-School Chronicle". Nintendo UK. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
  6. ^ Romano, Sal (March 25, 2022). "Kowloon Highschool Chronicle for PS4 coming to North America on March 26". Gematsu. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  7. ^ Romano, Sal (February 8, 2022). "Kowloon Highschool Chronicle for PS4 coming to Europe on March 18". Gematsu. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  8. ^ "Kowloon Highschool Chronicle coming to PC on November 10". Gematsu. October 30, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Nishikawa (May 8, 2020). "『九龍妖魔學園紀 ORIGIN OF ADVENTURE』インタビュー【後編】。今井秋芳監督が語る『九龍』開発秘話や続編構想、そして『東京魔人學園』最新作" [Kowloon High-School Chronicle: Origin of Adventure Interview (Part 2). Director Shuuhou Imai Reveals Details of Kowloon Development and Ponders a Sequel, as Well as a Continuation of the Tokyo Majin Gakuen Series] (in Japanese). Famitsu. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c Nagaame (February 13, 2014). "『九龍妖魔學園紀』インタビュー：學園ジュヴナイルの名手・今井秋芳監督のルーツを探る【最新作『魔都紅色幽撃隊』発表記念特別企画】" [Kowloon High-School Chronicle Interview: Exploring School Fantasy Auteur and Director Shuuhou Imai's Roots [Tokyo Twilight Ghost Hunters Announcement Celebration]] (in Japanese). Dengeki Online. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Shkreli, Paul (February 24, 2021). "Kowloon High-School Chronicle Review". RPGamer. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Nishikawa (April 29, 2020). "『九龍妖魔學園紀 ORIGIN OF ADVENTURE』インタビュー【前編】。今井秋芳監督、金沢プロデューサーにリマスター版についてのあれこれを訊く" [Kowloon High School Chronicle: Origin of Adventure Interview (Part 1). We Ask Director Shuuhou Imai and Producer Kanazawa This and That About the Remaster] (in Japanese). Famitsu. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b Яманака, Тайджиро (14 декабря 2021 г.). «Анонсирована версия приключенческой ролевой игры Gakuen Adventure «Kowloon Youma Gakuenki ORIGIN OF ADVENTURE» для PS4, релиз которой запланирован на 18 марта 2022 г. HD-ремастер популярной работы для PS2» [Версия PS4 Школьная приключенческая ролевая игра Kowloon High-School Chronicle: Origin of Adventure выйдет 18 марта 2022 года — ремастер Популярная игра для PS2] . Проверено 5 января 2022 г.
  14. ^ Перейти обратно: а б с д Кобылянский, Авраам (16 марта 2021 г.). «Хроники средней школы Коулуна» . РПГФан . Проверено 6 января 2022 г.
  15. ^ Перейти обратно: а б Кутюр, Джоэл (12 февраля 2021 г.). «Хроники средней школы Коулуна заставляют почувствовать себя застенчивым подростком» . Силиконра . Проверено 4 января 2022 г.
  16. ^ на премьере хроник средней школы Коулуна в Atlus Booth» «Специальный урок игрового процесса ( на японском языке, Dengeki Online ) . Проверено 5 января 2022 г.
  17. ^ « Kowloon High-School Chronicle : Reloaded ( re:charge )]. Amazon.co.jp (на японском языке) . Получено 4 января 2022 года .
  18. ^ «Перезагрузка Kowloon High-School Chronicle (re:charge) Atlus Best Collection» [ Kowloon High-School Chronicle Reloaded ( re:charge ) Atlus Best Collection]. Amazon.co.jp (на японском языке) , получено 6 января 2022 г.
  19. ^ «Хроники средней школы Коулуна» . PQube . Проверено 4 января 2022 г.
  20. ^ «Хроники средней школы Коулуна для обзоров Switch» . Метакритик . CBS Интерактив . Архивировано из оригинала 4 января 2022 года . Проверено 4 января 2022 г.
  21. ^ Перейти обратно: а б с д и Кавачи, Макото (11 июня 2020 г.). «Хроники средней школы Коулуна: ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ ПРИКЛЮЧЕНИЙ - Обзор Волнение от приключений с друзьями с сильными личностями не угасло за 16 лет [Хроники средней школы Коулуна: Начало приключений - Обзор ». : Волнение от этого приключения с группой необычных друзей не угасло за 16 лет] (в Японский). IGN Japan . Проверено 4 января 2022 г.
  22. ^ «Оформлены номинации на премию Famitsu Dengeki Game Awards 2020» (на японском языке, Dengeki Online января ), получено 4 2022 г.
  23. ^ «FAQ/パッチノート» [Часто задаваемые вопросы / Примечания к обновлению] (на японском языке). Система дуги работает . Проверено 4 января 2022 г.
  24. ^ Мабути, Хироаки (25 июня 2020 г.) «Выпущено обновление для «Kowloon High-School Chronicle: Origin of Adventure», исправляющее такие ошибки, как замораживание и увеличение денег» [Патч для Kowloon High-School Chronicle: Origin of Adventure ] Выпущено, исправляет такие ошибки, как сбои и бесконечные деньги] (на японском языке , получено 4 января 2022 г. ). .
  25. ^ «Более 400 фанатов присутствовало! Занятое мероприятие на компакт-диске с аудиодраматическими хрониками средней школы Коулуна » (на японском языке Dengeki Online , 12 января 2006 г. ) . Проверено 7 января 2022 г.
  26. ^ Перейти обратно: а б - Официальный сайт] ( Компакт-диск с аудиодрамами Kowloon High-School Chronicle на японском языке). Frontier Works . Архивировано из оригинала 17 сентября 2021 года. Проверено 7 января 2022 года .
  27. ^ Ганн, Патрик (21 марта 2009 г.). «Сокровища Коулуна для несовершеннолетних, 1-е место. Реликвия Йо-Ма Гакуэн Ки» . РПГФан . Проверено 5 января 2022 г.
  28. ^ ! Студенческий сертификат в качестве Объявлен саундтрек Dengeki Kowloon High-School Chronicle временного бонуса] (на японском языке). Online . 8 февраля 2005 г. Проверено 7 января 2022 г.
  29. ^ Саундтрек "Kowloon Youma Gakuen Ki - The Lost Third Disc" (дополнительное издание саундтрека) выйдет в свет! » [Анонс: Саундтрек Kowloon High-School Chronicle: The Lost Third Disc (Extra Disc)!] (на японском языке). Frontier Works . 12 августа 2005 г. Архивировано из оригинала 15 апреля 2021 г. Проверено 5 января 2022 г.
  30. ^ Сценарий «Хроники средней школы Коулуна» ( том 1) ] (на японском языке ASIN   4775303538 ).
  31. ^ Сценарий «Хроники средней школы Коулуна» ( том 2) ] (на японском языке ASIN   4775303546 ) .
  32. ^ Книга о создании хроник средней школы Коулуна [ Книга о создании хроник средней школы Коулуна ] (на японском языке ASIN   4775803018 ) .
  33. ^ Такизава, Осаму (8 июня 2007 г.). «Kick Factory выпускает DVD с оригинальным AVG и интервью с исполнителями для «Kowloon Youma Gakuenki re:charge»» [KIC-factory выпускает DVD с оригинальными хрониками средней школы Коулуна: re:charge Adventure Game). и интервью с актерами и т. д.] (на японском языке) GAME Watch , получено 7 января 2022 г.
  34. ^ Художественная книга (буклет) «Коулун Ё-ма Гакуэнки: Начало приключений » (на японском языке). Система дуги работает . 4 июня 2020 г. стр. 22–24.
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