Номенклатура территориальных подразделений для статистики
Номенклатура территориальных подразделений для статистики или орехов ( французский : Des Unités Territoriales Statistiques ) является геокода стандартом для ссылки на административные подразделения стран номенклатура для статистических целей. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Стандарт, принятый в 2003 году, [ 8 ] Разработано и регулируется Европейским союзом и, следовательно, охватывает государства -члены ЕС подробно . Номенклатура территориальных подразделений для статистики играет важную роль в механизмах предоставления фондов и сплоченности Европейского Союза , а также для размещения области, где о государственных закупках должны быть доставлены товары и услуги, подлежащие европейским законодательством .
Для каждой страны -члена ЕС иерархия трех уровней орехов устанавливается Евростатом в соответствии с каждым государством -членом; Подразделения на некоторых уровнях не обязательно соответствуют административным подразделениям в стране. Код орехов начинается с двухбуквенного кода, ссылаясь на страну, как сокращено в Руководстве по межинституциональному стилю Европейского Союза . [ 9 ] Подразделение страны затем упоминается с одним номером. Второй или третий уровень подразделения упоминается с другим номером каждый. Каждая нумерация начинается с 1, так как 0 используется для верхнего уровня. Там, где подразделение имеет более девяти сущностей, заглавные буквы используются для продолжения нумерации. Ниже трех уровней орехов находятся местные административные подразделения (LAUS). Аналогичная статистическая система определяется для стран -кандидатов и членов Европейской ассоциации свободной торговли , но они не являются частью орехов, регулируемых правилами.
The current NUTS classification, dated 21 November 2016 and effective from 1 January 2018 (now updated to current members as of 2020[update]), lists 92 regions at NUTS 1, 244 regions at NUTS 2, 1215 regions at NUTS 3 level, and 99,387 local administrative units (LAUs).[10][11]
National structures
[edit]Not all countries have every level of division, depending on their size. For example, Luxembourg and Cyprus only have local administrative units (LAUs); the three NUTS divisions each correspond to the entire country itself.
Member states
[edit]| Countries | NUTS 1 | NUTS 2 | NUTS 3 | Local administrative units (LAU) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member State | 27 | 92 | 240 | 1,164 | 92,054 | ||||
| Austria | AT | Groups of states | 3 | States | 9 | Groups of districts | 35 | Municipalities (Gemeinden) | 2,093 |
| Belgium | BE | Regions | 3 | Provinces (+ Brussels) | 11 | Arrondissements (Verviers split into two) | 44 | Municipalities (gemeenten / communes) | 581 |
| Bulgaria | BG | Regions | 2 | Planning regions | 6 | Oblasts | 28 | Municipalities (общини, obshtini) | 265 |
| Croatia | HR | — | 1 | Regions | 4 | Counties (županije) + Zagreb | 21 | Municipalities (općine) | 556 |
| Cyprus | CY | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | Municipalities, communities (δήμοι, κοινότητες, dimoi, koinotites) | 615 |
| Czech Republic | CZ | — | 1 | Statistical areas | 8 | Administrative regions (kraje) | 14 | Municipalities (obce) | 6,254 |
| Denmark | DK | — | 1 | Regions (Regioner) | 5 | Provinces (Landsdele) | 11 | Municipalities (kommuner) and 1 unincorporated area | 99 |
| Estonia | EE | — | 1 | — | 1 | Groups of counties | 5 | Municipalities (Vald, linn) | 79 |
| Finland | FI | Mainland Finland, Åland | 2 | Large areas (Suuralueet / Storområden) | 5 | Regions (Maakunnat / Landskap) | 19 | Municipalities (kunnat / kommuner) | 309 |
| France | FR | Regions + DOM | 14 | Former regions (1982–2015) + DOM | 27 | Departments + DOM | 101 | Communes | 34,965 |
| Germany | DE | States (Bundesland) | 16 | Inconsistent, some whole States (Bundesland), some Government regions (Regierungsbezirk) (or equivalent, or dissolved) | 38 | Districts (Kreis) | 400 | Municipalities (Gemeinden) | 10,775 |
| Greece | EL[a] | Groups of development regions | 4 | Regions | 13 | Prefectures | 51 | Municipal districts/Community districts (δημοτικό διαμέρισμα, κοινότικο διαμέρισμα, demotiko diamerisma, koinotiko diamerisma) |
6,133 |
| Hungary | HU | Statistical large regions (statisztikai nagyrégiók) | 3 | Planning and statistical regions (tervezési-statisztikai régió) | 8 | Counties (vármegye) + Budapest | 20 | Settlements (települések) | 3,155 |
| Ireland | IE | — | 1 | Regions | 3 | Regional Authority Regions | 8 | Local electoral areas | 166 |
| Italy | IT | Groups of regions | 5 | Regions (Trentino-Alto Adige split into two) | 21 | Provinces | 107 | Municipalities (comuni) | 7,904 |
| Latvia | LV | — | 1 | — | 1 | Statistical regions | 6 | Municipalities, state cities (valstspilsētas, novadi) | 43 |
| Lithuania | LT | — | 1 | Vidurio ir vakarų Lietuvos regionas, Sostinės regionas | 2 | Counties | 10 | Municipalities (savivaldybės) | 60 |
| Luxembourg | LU | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | Communes (French: communes, German: Gemeinden, Luxembourgish: Gemengen) | 102 |
| Malta | MT | — | 1 | — | 1 | Islands | 2 | Local councils (kunsilli) | 68 |
| Netherlands | NL | Groups of provinces | 4 | Provinces | 12 | COROP regions | 40 | Municipalities (gemeenten) | 342 |
| Poland | PL | Macroregions (Makroregiony) | 7 | Voivodeships + Warsaw metro | 17 | Subregions (Podregiony) | 73 | Municipalities (gminy) | 2,477 |
| Portugal | PT | Continent + Azores + Madeira | 3 | Statistical regions + autonomous regions | 7 | Groups of municipalities | 25 | Municipalities (concelhos) | 308 |
| Romania | RO | Macroregions | 4 | Regions | 8 | Counties + Bucharest | 42 | Communes + Municipalities + Cities (comune + municipii + orașe) | 3,181 |
| Slovakia | SK | — | 1 | Oblasts | 4 | Regions (Kraje) | 8 | Municipalities (obce) | 2,891 |
| Slovenia | SI | — | 1 | Macroregions | 2 | Statistical regions | 12 | Municipalities (občine) | 212 |
| Spain | ES | Groups of autonomous communities | 7 | 17 Autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities | 19 | Provinces + Islands + Ceuta and Melilla | 59 | Municipalities (municipios) | 8,131 |
| Sweden | SE | Regions (Grupper av riksområden) | 3 | National Areas (Riksområde) | 8 | Counties (Län) | 21 | Municipalities (kommuner) | 290 |
Candidate countries
[edit]| Country | NUTS 1 | NUTS 2 | NUTS 3 | LAU 1 | LAU 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate countries | 5 | 17 | 36 | 131 | 1,202 | 47,235 | |||||
| Albania | AL | — | 1 | Regions (non-administrative) | 3 | Counties | 12 | – | – | Municipalities (Komunë) / Communes (Bashki / Komunë) | 373 |
| Montenegro | ME | — | 1 | — | 1 | Statistical Regions | 3 | Municipalities (општине, opštine) | 24 | Settlements (Насеља, naselja) | 1,256 |
| North Macedonia | MK | — | 1 | — | 1 | Statistical regions | 8 | Municipalities (општини, opštini) | 84 | Settlements (Населени места, naseleni mesta) | 1,776 |
| Serbia | RS | Groups of regions | 2 | Regions | 5 | Districts | 29 | Municipalities (општине и градови, opštine i gradovi) | 174 | Settlements (Насељена места, naseljena mesta) | 6,155 |
| Turkey | TR | Regions | 12 | Sub-regions | 26 | Provinces (iller) | 81 | Districts (ilçeler) | 923 | Municipalities (belediyeler) | 37,675 |
EFTA countries
[edit]| Country | NUTS 1 | NUTS 2 | NUTS 3 | - | LAU | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFTA countries | 4 | 4 | 16 | 48 | 122 | 2,567 | |||||
| Switzerland | CH | — | 1 | Regions | 7 | Cantons | 26 | Municipalities (German: Gemeinden, Einwohnergemeinden and politische Gemeinden; French: communes; Italian: comuni; Romansh: vischnancas) | 2,136 | ||
| Iceland | IS | — | 1 | — | 1 | Capital Region / Rest of country | 2 | Regions (landshlutar) | 8 | Municipalities (sveitarfélag) | 64 |
| Liechtenstein | LI | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | Municipalities (Gemeinden) | 11 | ||
| Norway | NO | — | 1 | Regions | 7 | Counties (Fylke) | 19 | Economic regions (Økonomiske regioner) | 89 | Municipalities (kommuner) | 356 |
Former EU member state
[edit]| Country | NUTS 1 | NUTS 2 | NUTS 3 | LAU | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | UK[b] | Regions of England | 9 | Sub-Regions ≍ i: ∪ of counties; or |
30 | Upper tier authorities and groups of unitary authorities and districts | 93 | Districts or unitary authorities | 326 |
| Wales | 1 | Groups of Principal Areas | 2 | Groups of Principal Areas | 12 | Principal Areas | 22 | ||
| Scotland | 1 | Groups of Council and/or Island Areas | 4 | Groups of Council Areas or Islands Areas | 23 | Council areas, subdivided by LEC where applicable | 41 | ||
| Northern Ireland | 1 | — | 1 | Groups of districts | 5 | Districts | 11 | ||
Maps
[edit]-
NUTS 1 in Europe -
NUTS 2 in Europe -
NUTS 3 in Europe
Establishment
[edit]NUTS regions are generally based on existing national administrative subdivisions. In countries where only one or two regional subdivisions exist, or where the population of existing subdivisions is too small or too large, a second and/or third level is created. This may be on the first level (ex. France, Italy, Greece, and Spain), on the second (ex. Germany) and/or third level (ex. Belgium).[12] In countries with small populations, where the entire country would be placed on the NUTS 2 or even NUTS 3 level (ex. Luxembourg, Cyprus), the regions at levels 1, 2 and 3 are identical to each other (and also to the entire country), but are coded with the appropriate length codes levels 1, 2 and 3.
The NUTS system favors existing administrative units, with one or more assigned to each NUTS level. Specific guidelines are based in population, leaving little or no role for other types of variables such as area, distance, topography, levels of jurisdiction or history, which can only be considered in (unspecified) types of special cases.[13] From the NUTS Regulation, the average population size of the regions in the respective level shall lie within the following thresholds:
| Level | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| NUTS 1 | 3 million | 7 million |
| NUTS 2 | 800,000 | 3 million |
| NUTS 3 | 150,000 | 800,000 |
For non-administrative units, deviations from these population marks exist for particular geographical, socio-economic, historical, cultural or environmental circumstances, especially for islands and outermost regions.
Examples
[edit]- IT: Italy
- ITC: Northwest Italy
- ITC1: Piedmont
- ITC11: Metropolitan City of Turin
- ITC1: Piedmont
- ITC: Northwest Italy
See also
[edit]- ISO 3166
- ISO 3166-1
- ISO 3166-2
- List of FIPS region codes
- List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population
- List of European regions by GDP
- Regions of the European Union
Notes
[edit]- ^ The European Union uses EL as the country code for Greece instead of the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code GR.
- ^ The European Union uses UK as the country code for the United Kingdom instead of the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code GB.
References
[edit]- ^ "NUTS – Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics". European Commission. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ^ "Common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS)". European Commission. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ "Statistics Explained". European Commission. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010.
- ^ "Regulation (EC) No 176/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 February 2008". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ "Regulation (EC) No 1888/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ^ "Commission Regulation (EC) No 105/2007 of 1 February 2007". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ^ "Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ "History of NUTS – Eurostat". European Commission.
- ^ "Annex A6 Country and territory codes". publications.europa.eu. 1 February 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "Background – Eurostat". European Commission.
- ^ Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/2066 amending the annexes to Regulation (EC) 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS)
- ^ "Europa – Eurostat – Regions – Basic principles of the NUTS". European Commission. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ^ Regions and cities. Overview eurostat. Retrieved 31 December 2022
External links
[edit]
Код орехов (p605) (см. Использование )
