Убейдия, Западный берег
Аль-Обийя | |
|---|---|
| Арабская транскрипция (ы) | |
| • арабский | Ubaidiya |
| • Латинский | Аль-Обайда (официальная) |
 | |
  Al-'Ubeidiya Location of al 'Ubeidiya within Palestine | |
| Coordinates: 31°43′24″N 35°17′26″E / 31.72333°N 35.29056°E | |
| Palestine grid | 177/125 |
| State |  State of Palestine |
| Governorate | Bethlehem |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| Area | |
| • Total | 97,232 dunams (97.2 km2 or 37.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2017)[1] | |
| • Total | 14,460 |
| • Density | 150/km2 (390/sq mi) |
| Name meaning | 1881: Kh. Deir Ibn Obeid, meaning "The ruin of the monastery of the son of Obeid; also called Mar Theodosius[2] |
Al-Aubeidiya ( арабский : العبيзнес )-это палестинский город, расположенный в 6 километрах (3,7 мили) к востоку от Вифлеема , в Вифлеемском борьбе штата Палестина , на центральном западном берегу . По данным Центрального бюро статистики Палестинского Палестинца , в 2017 году «Аль-Обидия» составила более 14 460 человек. [ 1 ]
Монастырь Святого Феодосия , монастырь Мар Сабы и туристический район Айн Фашхах- все на земле Аль-Обидия.
Ubeidiya считается частью сельского кластера «арабская аль-Тайра , наряду с Za'ata , Beit Ta'mir , Hindaza , Tuqu » , Khirbet Ad-Deer (игрушечная часть Tuqu '), Nuaman и Al-Sakra Полем
Имя
[ редактировать ]В 1881 году Палмер назвал это место Хурбат Дейр ибн «Обейд» , что означает «руина монастыря Сына Обейда; также называется Мар Феодосия ». [ 2 ]
According to the Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ), Al-Ubeidiya was settled in 1600 by people originating from the Arabian Peninsula, and is named after a certain Al-‘Ubeidi Faris of the Shammar tribe, who came from the Arabian Peninsula.[3]
History and archaeology
[edit]Background: Roman and Byzantine periods
[edit]A Roman period pool, built in order to collect water, is situated in the center of al-Ubeidiya.[3]
Two Greek Orthodox monasteries were first established during the Byzantine period in the late fifth century, and are now standing within the municipal jurisdiction of Ubeidiya.[3] The Monastery of St. Theodosius, known in Arabic as Deir Ibn 'Ubeid[3] (lit. 'Monastery of the Son of 'Ubeid') or as Mar Dosi[4] ('Saint Theodosius'), named after its founder; and Mar Saba Monastery, or simply Mar Saba, founded and named after Saint Sabbas ('Mar Saba').[3]
Ottoman period: Ubeidiya
[edit]ARIJ states that Ubeidiya was settled in 1600 by people originating from the Arabian Peninsula, its name evoking a certain Al-‘Ubeidi Faris of the Shammar tribe who came from Arabia.[3]
The area, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517. In 1596 Al-Ubeidiya appeared in Ottoman tax registers, called Dayr Bani 'Ubayd (lit. 'Monastery of the 'Ubayd clan'), being in the nahiya of Al-Quds (Jerusalem) in the liwa of Al-Quds. It had a population of 42 households and 6 bachelors, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, occasional revenues, goats and/or beehives; a total of 4,900 akçe.[5]
Around 1740 Richard Pococke noted "We soon came to a ruin called Der Benalbede, which from the name seems to have been an old convent."[6]
In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Deir ibn Obeid, not far from Mar Saba, on his travels in the region.[7][8] He also met some of the fellahin from the village by the Dead Sea, where they collected salt for cooking.[9]
In 1863, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the place, which he called Deir Dosi, and described the remains of the monastery.[10] In 1883, the PEF's "Survey of Western Palestine" described there Kh. Deir Ibn Obeid as "Ruins of a modern village",[11] but in 1899 Conrad Schick noted that "This [...] designation is not sufficient -the ruins are not those of a village, but of a former convent, and only in modern times used as a storehouse for grain by the wandering tribe Ubedieh."[12] Schick notes that the "Badawin" (Bedouin) of the Ubedieh call the convent ruins by the name of their own tribe, and have a nearby maqam by the name of Sheikh Khalife where they worship.[12]
Schick notes that in 1897, the Greek Orthodox Church had recovered the ruins of the former convent of Saint Theodosius from the Bedouin, and by the following year had started with their project of erecting a new monastery there.[12] The current compound was built mainly between 1914-1952.[13]
British Mandate
[edit]In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the tribal area of Ibaidiyeh had an all-Muslim population of 2,000, 880 males and 1,120 females.[14] In the 1931 census the El Ubeidiya consisted of 1,187 persons, still all Muslim, 610 males and 577 females.[15]
In the 1945 statistics, the population was counted under the name of tribal unit (arab) as Arab Ibn Ubeid, along with three other such units, Arab et Ta'amira, Arab et Rashayida and Arab et Sawahira; together they had a population of 7,070 Muslims,[16] where Arab Ibn Ubeid had a total of 92,026 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[17] Of this, 3,732 dunams were used for cereals,[18] while 88,294 dunams were classified as non-cultitivable land.[19]
Jordanian period
[edit]In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Al-Ubeidiya came under Jordanian rule.
In 1961, the population of 'Ubeidiya was of 838.[20]
1967, aftermath
[edit]Since the Six-Day War in 1967, al-Ubeidiya has been under Israeli occupation. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 1,377.[21]
After the 1995 Oslo Accords, 9.1% of village land was classified as Area A, 0.4% as Area B, and the remainder 82% as Area C.[22] Israel has confiscated land from Al-Ubeidiya in order to construct at least 2 Israeli settlements; 124 dunams for the settlement of Ovnat and 97 dunams for the nature reserve of ‘Ayn Fashkhah,[23] both on the Dead Sea shore.
Current state
[edit]Administration
[edit]Since 1997, al-Ubeidiya has been governed by an 11-member municipal council appointed by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). The municipality has jurisdiction over 97,232 dunams of land—much larger than the built-up and residential areas of the town which constitute 979 of those dunams. Other localities located within the municipal borders include Wadi al-Arayis.[3]
Religion
[edit]The population is Muslim, except for the monasteries, which are inhabited by Greek Orthodox monks.[citation needed] and there are ten mosques in the town.[24]
Population structure (tribe, clans)
[edit]The residents are mostly descendants of the Shammar[citation needed] with the main families being al-'Asa, al-Radayda, al-Rabai'a, al-Hasasna, and Abu Sirhan.[25]
Landmarks
[edit]Monastery of St. Theodosius
[edit]The Greek Orthodox Monastery of St. Theodosius stands on a hilltop on the road to Mar Saba, some 6 km from the eastern outskirts of Bethlehem.[3] The once large fortified Byzantine monastery, which holds the tomb of its founder, Saint Theodosius the Cenobiarch (c. 423–529),[3] has been rebuilt on a much smaller scale. Most of the current compound was erected between 1914-1952,[13] incorporates Byzantine remains,[26] and is centered on a small grotto, the "Cave of the Magi", where tradition has the three Magi stopping on their way home after having delivered gifts to the newborn Baby Jesus.[27]
Mar Saba Monastery
[edit]The Mar Saba Monastery was founded by Saint Sabbas the Sanctified (439–532)[3] and is located east of the town proper. The strongly fortified monastery, established in 484 and expanded over the centuries, stands on the west bank of Wadi en-Nar.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Palmer, 1881, p. 303
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k ARIJ, 2010, pp. 5-6
- ^ Keel, Othmar [in German]; Küchler, Max [in German] (1982). Orte und Landschaften der Bibel: ein Handbuch und Studien-Reiseführer zum Heiligen Land (in German). Vol. 2: The South. Benziger and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 587. ISBN 9783545230422. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah (1977), p. 114.
- ^ Pococke (1745), vol 2, p. 34, cited in Robinson and Smith (1841), vol 2, p. 159
- ^ Robinson and Smith (1841), vol 2, p. 159
- ^ Robinson and Smith (1841), vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 123
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, p. 210
- ^ Guérin (1869), pp. 88 -92
- ^ Conder and Kitchener (1883), p. 111
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Schick, Conrad (January 1899). "Reports by Dr. Conrad Schick: Deir ed-Dosé, or the former Convent of Theodosius". Quarterly Statement. 31. London: Palestine Exploration Fund: 36–37. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "St. Theodosius' Monastery". Jerusalem: Carta Jerusalem. 15 May 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
- ^ Barron (1923), Table VII, Sub-district of Bethlehem, p. 18
- ^ Mills (1932), p. 36
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945), p. 25
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58 Archived 2018-11-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 104 Archived 2012-03-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 154 Archived 2014-04-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 23
- ^ Perlmann, Joel (November 2011 – February 2012). "The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version" (PDF). Levy Economics Institute. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
- ^ ARIJ, 2010, p. 18
- ^ ARIJ, 2010, p. 19
- ^ ARIJ, 2010, p. 7
- ^ ARIJ, 2010, p. 8
- ^ Dauphin (1998), p. 913
- ^ "Saint Theodosius of Palestine - Asian saint". britannica.com.
Bibliography
[edit]- Al 'Ubeidiya Town Profile (PDF) . Палестинское население, изучение Гуглера Вифлеема. Иерусалим: Прикладное исследовательское институт - Иерусалим (ARIJ). 2010 год . Получено 13 августа 2021 года .
- Barron, JB, ed. (1923). Палестина: отчет и общие рефераты переписи 1922 года . Правительство Палестины.
- Кондер, кр ; Китченер, HH (1883). Обзор Западной Палестины: Мемуары топографии, орографии, гидрографии и археологии . Тол. 3. Лондон: Комитет Фонда разведки Палестины .
- Даниэль (аббат) (1864). Паломничество в Святую русского Игумен Даниэля в начале ... (на французском языке). Санкт -Петербург: Императорская академия наук.
- Dauphin, C. (1998). Византийская Палестина, поселение и население . Bar International Series 726 (на французском языке). Полет. III: каталог. Оксфорд: археопресс. ISBN 0-860549-05-4 .
- Правительство Иордании, Департамент статистики (1964). Первая перепись населения и жилья. Том I: окончательные таблицы; Общие характеристики населения (PDF) .
- Правительство Палестины, Департамент статистики (1945). Статистика деревни, апрель 1945 года .
- Герин, V (1869). Историческое и археологическое географическое описание Палестины (по -французски). Полет. 1: Джуди, Пт. 3. Париж: национальная печать.
- Хадави С. (1970). Статистика деревни 1945 года: классификация земельной собственности и владения территорией в Палестине . Исследовательский центр Организации Освобождения Палестины. Архивировано с оригинала 2018-12-08 . Получено 2014-04-16 .
- Хюттерот, Вольф-Дизер; Абдулфатта, Камаль (1977). Историческая география Палестины, Трансджордана и Южной Сирии в конце 16 -го века . Эрланген Географическая работа, Специальный том 5. Эрланген, Германия: Совет Франконовского географического общества. ISBN 3-920405-41-2 .
- Марти, Карл; Шик, C (1880). «Сообщения Бауарта С. Шика в Иерусалиме о старой Лорен и монастырях в пустыне Иуда» . Журнал немецкой палестинской ассоциации . 3 : 1–43. (Марти и Шик, 1880, с. 34 -37)
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Перепись Палестины, 1931 год. Население деревень, городов и административных районов . Иерусалим: правительство Палестины.
- Палмер, Эх (1881). Обследование западной Палестины: арабские и английские названия, собранные во время обследования лейтенантами Conder and Kitchener, перепродали и объяснены EH Palmer . Комитет Палестинского фонда разведки .
- Покок, Р. (1745). Описание Востока и некоторых других стран . Тол. 2. Лондон: напечатано для автора, У. Боуйером.
- Прингл Д. (1998). Церкви Королевства Крестоносцев Иерусалима: LZ (исключая шину) . Тол. II Издательство Кембриджского университета . ISBN 0-521-39037-0 Полем (с. 271 -278)
- Робинсон, Э .; Смит, Э. (1841). Библейские исследования в Палестине, Маунт -Синай и Аравии Петрея: журнал путешествий в 1838 году . Тол. 2. Бостон: Крокер и Брюстер .
- Робинсон, Э .; Смит, Э. (1841). Библейские исследования в Палестине, Маунт -Синай и Аравии Петрея: журнал путешествий в 1838 году . Тол. 3. Бостон: Крокер и Брюстер .
- Шик, С. (1899). «Отчеты доктора Конрада Шика» . Ежеквартальный отчет - Фонд разведки Палестины . 31 : 36 -37.
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]- Обследование западной Палестины, карта 17: IAA , Wikimedia Commons
- Город Аль-Обийя (информационный бюллетень) , прикладной исследовательский институт-Иерусалим (ARIJ)
- Al 'Ubodyya Town Profile , Arij
- Al-Ubeidiya Aerial Photo , arj
- Приоритеты и потребности в развитии в городе Аль -Убейдья на основе оценки сообщества и местных властей , ARIJ
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