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Город Мельбурн

Координаты : 37 ° 48'49 "ю.ш., 144 ° 57'47" в.д.  /  37,81361 ° ю.ш., 144,96306 ° в.д.  / -37,81361; 144,96306

Город Мельбурн
Мельбурн , Виктория
Вид с воздуха на горизонт Мельбурна
Кингс Домен , май 2020 г.
Location in Greater Melbourne
Coordinates37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E / 37.81361°S 144.96306°E / -37.81361; 144.96306
Population149,615 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density3,969/km2 (10,279/sq mi)
Established12 August 1842
Area37.7 km2 (14.6 sq mi)[2]
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10)
 • Summer (DST)AEDT (UTC+11)
Lord MayorNicholas Reece
Council seatMelbourne CBD (Town Hall)
RegionGreater Melbourne
CountyBourke
State electorate(s)
Federal division(s)
WebsiteCity of Melbourne
LGAs around City of Melbourne:
Moonee ValleyMerri-bekDarebin
MaribyrnongCity of MelbourneYarra
Hobsons BayPort PhillipStonnington
The city flag of Melbourne.
The Melbourne City coat of arms
Melbourne Town Hall on Swanston Street built 1870–1887

Город Мельбурн — это район местного самоуправления в штате Виктория, Австралия , расположенный в центральной части города Мельбурн . В 2021 году площадь города составляла 37,7 квадратных километров (14,6 квадратных миль), а население составляло 149 615 человек. [3] города Девиз — « vires acquirit eundo », что означает «мы собираем силы на ходу». [4]

Нынешним лорд-мэром является Николас Рис , который сменил Салли Кэпп 2 июля 2024 года. Городской совет Мельбурна ( MCC ) занимает должность в ратуше Мельбурна .

Мельбурн был основан в 1835 году, во время правления короля Вильгельма IV , после прибытия шхуны « Энтерпрайз» недалеко от нынешнего места Королевской пристани. В отличие от других столиц Австралии, Мельбурн возник не под официальной эгидой, а был обязан своим происхождением некоренным поселенцам из Тасмании .

Having been a province of New South Wales from its establishment in 1835, affairs of the settlement had been administered by the Parliament of New South Wales. With the growth of the settlement there had been an increasing demand by the inhabitants for greater autonomy over their own affairs. On 12 August 1842, Melbourne was incorporated as a town by Act 6 Victoria No. 7 of the Governor and Legislative Council of New South Wales.[5]

The town of Melbourne was raised to the status of a city by Letters Patent of Queen Victoria dated 25 June 1847, five years after its incorporation as a town. The Letters Patent also constituted the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne and declared Melbourne a cathedral city. A motion was tabled at a meeting of the Town Council to alter the style and title of Melbourne from a town to a city, a draft Bill was approved and transmitted to the Government for introduction to the Legislature. On 3 August 1849, Act 13 Victoria No. 14 was finally assented to as "An Act to effect a change in the Style and Title of the Corporation of Melbourne rendered necessary by the erection of the Town of Melbourne to a City".[6]

The city's initial boundaries, as set down in Act 8 Victoria No. 12 (19 December 1844) extended from Point Ormond in Elwood up Barkly Street and Punt Road to the Yarra River, along the river to Merri Creek at Abbotsford, then west along Brunswick Road to Moonee Ponds Creek, then south past Flemington Bridge to Princes Pier in Port Melbourne.[5] The Act imposed on the Mayor a duty to set up "permanent and conspicuous boundary marks of iron, wood, stone or other durable material" along or near the line of the Town's boundaries—this was undertaken by Mayor James Frederick Palmer and Town Clerk John Charles King on 4 February 1846.[7]

During the 1850s, Collingwood, Fitzroy and Richmond seceded from Melbourne (all are, since 1994, part of the City of Yarra), as did South Melbourne, whilst other parts became parts of the neighbouring districts of St Kilda and Port Melbourne, and the border between Brunswick and Melbourne moved south one block to Park Street.[5]

On 18 December 1902, King Edward VII conferred the title "Lord Mayor" on the mayor of the City of Melbourne.

On 30 October 1905, Melbourne absorbed two neighbouring council areas. Now included in the City was the Borough of Flemington and Kensington, which had been formed in 1882 when it broke away from the City of Essendon. The second, the Town of North Melbourne, formerly known as Hotham, had been established on 30 September 1859 and been granted town status on 18 December 1874. Both town halls are still in use today as public buildings—the former in Kensington near the present-day Newmarket railway station; the latter in Errol Street, North Melbourne.

The Melbourne and Geelong Corporations Act 1938 allowed for three councillors for each of the eleven wards, with a general election held on 24 August 1939.

The first woman in 125 years to be elected to the council was local businessperson Clare J. Cascarret in 1967. The election was said to have cost her over half a million pounds.[8]

Following a recommendation by the Local Government Advisory Board in 1978, an Order in Council (27 February 1979, effective from 19 May 1979) reduced the wards from eleven to eight. In December 1980, the Hamer Government dismissed the council, and appointed three Commissioners to determine how the boundaries could best be altered to produce more effective local government, with special regard to Melbourne's central business district and its importance to the state, as well as to advise changes needed to the constitution, structure, functions and administration. However, in 1982, with the election of a new Labor government under John Cain, the Act establishing the commission was repealed, and the Melbourne Corporation (Election of Council) Act 1982 established six wards, for which an election was held on 4 December 1982. Three years later, an additional ward was added.[5]

Between 1993 and 1996 the City was again led by Commissioners, along with every local Council in Victoria, while all boundaries were comprehensively reviewed, more than halving the number of Councils.

In 1993, the City of Melbourne Act specified changes to the boundaries which saw Melbourne gain Southbank and the Victorian Arts Centre on 18 November 1993, and the city was resubdivided into four wards – Flagstaff, University, Hoddle and Domain. The wards were abolished in 2001, with the council having a directly elected Lord Mayor and Deputy Lord Mayor, and seven other councillors.[7] In 2012, the number of Councillors was increased to nine, in addition to the Lord Mayor and Deputy Lord Mayor.

Also in the 1990s, local government control of the docks area on the west side of the city was given to Victorian Government's Docklands Authority.[9]

In 2005, the council announced the construction of a new 6-star environmental office building, Council House 2, in Little Collins Street.

On 2 July 2007, the City of Melbourne almost doubled in size when the suburb of Docklands was re-added to its jurisdiction.

On 1 July 2008, a section of Kensington and North Melbourne was transferred to the City of Melbourne from the City of Moonee Valley.[10]

In July 2009, Lord Mayor Robert Doyle unveiled a new corporate identity for the City of Melbourne, costing $239,558.[11]

Building on the council's longstanding interest in environmental issues, on 16 July 2019, the council voted to declare a climate and biodiversity emergency in line with similar declarations made elsewhere.[12]

Following the death of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, the City of Melbourne caused controversy and breached protocol, by failing to lower the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flags to half mast, whilst the Australian flag was lowered in mourning.[13]

Council

[edit]
Town Hall Chambers (left) in 1968, just before its demolition and in the same location: Council House 2, Little Collins Street (right), completed 2006, the world's first 6 star green rating building; it features a louvred façade, natural and recycled materials, solar panels and thermal mass cooling.

The City of Melbourne is an unsubdivided municipality, consisting of a directly elected Lord Mayor and Deputy Lord Mayor, and nine Councillors.[14] Since 2008, all Victorian councillors serve a four-year term. The most recent general election was held on Saturday 24 October 2020. The next general election will be held in October 2024.

During a general election, the City of Melbourne holds two simultaneous elections – one to elect the Lord Mayor and Deputy Lord Mayor (leadership team) and the other to elect the nine councillors.[14] All residents are entitled to vote in the election, as well as up to two of each of the following: non-residential owners and occupiers of rateable property. If a corporation solely owns or occupies rateable property in the municipality, then the corporation must appoint two company officers (director and/or company secretary, or equivalent) to represent it and vote on its behalf.

Current composition

[edit]

The current makeup of the Council is:[15]

PartyCouncillors
 Team Sally Capp4
 Greens2
 Team Arron Wood1
 Labor1
 Bring Back Melbourne1
 Team Hakim1
 Back to Business1
Total11
PartyCouncillorNotes
 Team Sally CappSally CappMayor
 Team Sally CappNicholas ReeceDeputy Mayor
 Team Sally CappKevin Louey
 GreensRohan Leppert
 Team Arron WoodJason Chang
 LaborDavydd Griffiths
 Team Sally CappRoshena Campbell
 GreensOlivia Ball
 Bring Back MelbournePhilip Le Liu
 Team HakimJamal Hakim
 Back to BusinessElizabeth Mary Doidge

Election results

[edit]

2020

[edit]
2020 Victorian local elections: Melbourne (councillors)[16]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Team Sally Capp1. Kevin Louey (elected 1)
2. Roshena Campbell (elected 5)
3. Mark David McMillan
4. Tania Davidge
5. James Young
6. Tina Kuek
24,39526.73−10.72
Greens1. Rohan Leppert (elected 2)
2. Olivia Ball (elected 6)
3. Emily Corcoran
4. David Jeffery
5. Nakita Thomson
6. Charlotte George
14,60216.00−4.16
Team Arron Wood1. Jason Chang (elected 3)
2. Peter Clarke
3. Beverley Frances Pinder
4. Abdirahman I. Ali
5. Beverley Honig
12,18713.35+13.35
Labor1. Davydd Griffiths (elected 4)
2. Mary Delahunty
3. Hamdi Ali
10,62611.64+11.64
Bring Back Melbourne1. Philip Le Liu (elected 7)
2. Serena Lu Jiang
3. Lauren Sherson
4. Darin Schade
6,6837.32−1.77
Back To Business1. Elizabeth Mary Doidge (elected 9)
2. Charles Pick
3. Moti Visa
4. Bedri Sainovski
6,5727.18+7.18
Liberal Democrats1. Paul Silverberg
2. Faith Newman
5,0645.55+5.55
Morgan-Watts Team1. Jackie Watts
2. Michael Kennedy
3. Haya Aldaghlas
4. Dashi Zhang
1,5411.69−3.22
Victorian Socialists1. Christopher di Pasquale
2. Jesse Lambourn
1,4411.58+1.58
Sustainable Australia1. Richard Belcher
2. Bettina Terry
1,3611.49+1.49
Animal Justice1. Rabin Bangaar
2. Rod Whitfield
1,2511.37−1.07
Residents First1. Janette Corcoran
2. Mary Masters
3. Samantha Tran
1,1101.21+1.21
Innovate Melbourne1. Andrew Rowse
2. John Daniell
8170.89+0.89
Team Hakim1. Jamal Hakim (elected 8)
2. Safaa Hakim
3790.41+0.41
Melbourne - We All Matter1. Sainab Sheikh
2. Fatuma Ali
3740.41+0.41
Artemis Pattichi - Independent Local Voice1. Artemis Pattichi
2. Adriana Mendieta Nino
3510.38+0.38
UngroupedScott Robson
Luke Downing
Philip Jonathan Bateman
Andrew Ward
3320.36+0.10
Your Melbourne Team Get It Done1. Mary Poulakis
2. Fiona Sweetman
2910.32+0.32
It Will Be Okay Melbourne1. Joseph Burke
2. Michael Mach
2030.22+0.22
Total formal votes88,43496.62−1.42
Informal votes1,6863.38+1.42
Turnout91,53166.73+11.54

2016

[edit]
2016 Victorian local elections: Melbourne (Councillors)[17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Quota7,240
Team Doyle1. Kevin Louey (elected 1)
2. Nicholas Reece (elected 3)
3. Tessa Sullivan (elected 5)
4. Susan Riley (elected 9)
5. Beverley Pinder-Mortimer
6. Sue Stanley
7. Hope Wei
27,11637.45−0.03
Greens1. Rohan Leppert (elected 2)
2. Cathy Oke (elected 4)
3. Apsara Sabaratnam
4. Jenny Pitts
5. Ben Curnow
14,59320.16+4.54
Together Melbourne1. Philip Le Liu (elected 6)
2. Tony Penna
3. Barbara Yerondais
4. Alice Poon
6,5789.09+9.09
Phil Cleary Means Business1. Michael Caiafa
2. Suzanne Vale
3. Sebastian Saggio
5,6677.83+7.83
Stephen Mayne T.I.A.E.1. Stephen Mayne
2. Johanna Maxwell
3,6665.06−0.95
Team Morgan - A City That Works1. Jackie Watts (elected 7)
2. Michael Kennedy
3. Farida Fleming
3,5574.91−4.69
Strengthening Melbourne1. Robin Matthews
2. Wesa Chau
3. Roger Smith
1,9052.63+2.63
Animal Justice1. Bruce Poon
2. Fiona Creedy
1,7702.44+2.44
Listening To Locals1. Richard Foster
2. Bridie Walsh
1,7182.37+2.37
An Indigenous Voice On Council1. Brooke Wandin
2. Nicolas Frances Gilley (elected 8)
1,5342.12+2.12
Serving Melbourne With Integrity1. Marcus Fielding
2. Sallyann Wilson
1,5192.10+2.10
The Light On The Hill Team1. Jim Ward
2. Sergey Sizenko
9601.33+1.33
The Heritage Agenda1. Adam Munro Ford
2. Luke Downing
8161.13+1.13
Melburnian Voice1. Joseph Sarraf
2. Miroslav Zverina
8081.12+1.12
ScienceLuke James820.11
IndependentNeil Pringle570.11
IndependentJing Li620.07
Total formal votes72,39898.04+0.2
Informal votes1,4511.96−0.2
Turnout73,84955.19−4.82

Demographics

[edit]
Selected historical census data for City of Melbourne local government area
Census year2001[18]2006[19]2011[20]2016[21]
PopulationEstimated residents on census night60,74571,38093,625135,959
LGA rank in terms of size within Victoria30thУвеличивать 25thУвеличивать 18th
% of Victoria population1.32%Увеличивать 1.45%Увеличивать 1.75%Увеличивать 2.29%
% of Australian population0.32%Увеличивать 0.36%Увеличивать 0.44%Увеличивать 0.58%
Cultural and language diversity
Ancestry,
top responses
Chinese17.1%Увеличивать 22.8%
English16.8%Снижаться 14.1%
Australian12.7%Снижаться 9.7%
Irish7.3%Снижаться 6.0%
Scottish5.6%Снижаться 4.5%
Language,
top responses
(other than English)
Mandarin4.7%Увеличивать 8.1%Увеличивать 10.4%Увеличивать 18.7%
Cantonese4.7%Увеличивать 5.6%Снижаться 4.9%Снижаться 3.9%
Indonesian3.1%Устойчивый 3.1%Снижаться 2.7%Снижаться 2.2%
Italian1.8%Снижаться 1.4%
Vietnamese1.3%
Korean1.2%Увеличивать 1.4%Увеличивать 2.1%
Arabic1.5%
Spanish1.7%
Religious affiliation
Religious affiliation,
top responses
No religion21.1%Увеличивать 26.6%Увеличивать 33.8%Увеличивать 44.5%
Catholic20.2%Снижаться 18.6%Снижаться 17.2%Снижаться 12.9%
Anglican11.9%Снижаться 8.4%Снижаться 6.5%
Buddhism6.2%Увеличивать 7.5%Увеличивать 7.6%Снижаться 6.9%
Uniting4.0%
Islam3.5%Увеличивать 4.5%
Hinduism4.0%
Median weekly incomes
Personal incomeMedian weekly personal incomeA$566A$711A$642
% of Australian median income121.5%123.2%97.0%
Family incomeMedian weekly family incomeA$1627A$1962A$2062
% of Australian median income138.9%132.5%118.9%
Household incomeMedian weekly household incomeA$1081A$1352A$1354
% of Australian median income105.3%109.6%94.2%
Dwelling structure
Dwelling typeSeparate house5.6%Снижаться 3.7%Увеличивать 5.1%Снижаться 2.9%
Semi-detached, terrace or townhouse21.1%16.6%Снижаться Увеличивать 16.7%Снижаться 12.7%
Flat or apartment70.4%Увеличивать 79.2%Снижаться 77.9%Увеличивать 83.4%

Townships and localities

[edit]

The 2021 census, the city had a population of 149,615 up from 135,959 in the 2016 census[22]

Population
Locality20162021
Carlton18,53516,055
Carlton North^6,3006,177
Docklands10,96415,495
East Melbourne4,9644,896
Flemington^7,7197,025
Kensington10,81210,745
Melbourne CBD^47,28554,941
North Melbourne14,94014,953
Parkville^7,4097,074
Port Melbourne^16,17517,633
South Wharf10671
South Yarra^25,14725,028
Southbank^18,70922,631
West Melbourne5,5158,025

^ - Territory divided with another LGA

Population of the urban area

[edit]
Year195419581961196619711976198119861991199620012006201120162021
Population93,17289,800*76,81075,70975,83065,16759,100*56,100*38,50445,25360,74571,38093,625135,959149,615

* Estimates in 1958, 1983 and 1988 Victorian Year Books.

Railway stations

[edit]
Flinders Street station

City Loop:

Other

Schools

[edit]

Public

[edit]

Private

[edit]

Catholic

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]
The Tianjin Garden on Spring Street serves as a symbol of Melbourne's close friendship with its sister city Tianjin.[23]

The City of Melbourne has five sister cities:[24]

Between 1989 and 2022, the City of Melbourne had a sister city relationship with Saint Petersburg, Russia; this sister city relationship was indefinitely suspended on 1 March 2022, then terminated on 30 May 2023, as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[25]

In addition to the sister cities, the City of Melbourne also cooperates with:[24]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Melbourne (C)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022. Отредактируйте это в Викиданных
  2. ^ "Residents Profiles". melbourne.vic.gov.au. City of Melbourne. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  3. ^ "2021 Melbourne, Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics". www.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  4. ^ "Coat of arms". City of Melbourne. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Victorian Municipal Directory. Brunswick: Arnall & Jackson. 1992. pp. 275–278. Accessed at State Library of Victoria, La Trobe Reading Room.
  6. ^ City of Melbourne. "History and heritage – Melbourne becomes a city". Archived from the original on 28 August 2004. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b City of Melbourne (November 1997). "The History of the City of Melbourne" (PDF). pp. 40–43. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  8. ^ "First time in 125 years: MELBOURNE HAS LADY COUNCILLOR". Australian Jewish Herald. 31 August 1967. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  9. ^ Victoria, Development (30 October 2019). "Docklands". www.development.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  10. ^ "Outcomes of the Kensington Boundary Review" (PDF). City of Melbourne.
  11. ^ "A new icon for global Melbourne". City of Melbourne. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
  12. ^ "Taking bold action on climate change". City of Melbourne. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  13. ^ [1]
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b "Council, mayor and lord mayor history". City Of Melbourne. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  15. ^ "Melbourne City Council election results 2020". www.vec.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  16. ^ "Melbourne City Council election results 2020". Victorian Electoral Commission.
  17. ^ "Melbourne City Council election results 2016". Victorian Electoral Commission.
  18. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (9 March 2006). "City of Melbourne (C)". 2001 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 6 December 2017. Отредактируйте это в Викиданных
  19. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "City of Melbourne (C)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  20. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "City of Melbourne (C)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 6 December 2017. Отредактируйте это в Викиданных
  21. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Melbourne (C)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 15 November 2017. Отредактируйте это в Викиданных
  22. ^ "Census | Australian Bureau of Statistics". www.abs.gov.au. 11 January 2023.
  23. ^ "About Chinatown | Chinatown Melbourne - Welcome to Chinatown Melbourne". chinatownmelbourne.com.au. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b "City of Melbourne — International connections — Sister cities". City of Melbourne. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  25. ^ Cosoleto, Tara (30 May 2023). "Melbourne council cuts ties with Russian sister city over Ukraine war". The Age. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
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