Город Мельбурн

Эта статья о сфере местного самоуправления. Чтобы узнать о мегаполисе, см. Мельбурн . Чтобы узнать о центре Мельбурна, см. Центральный деловой район Мельбурна . Чтобы узнать о других значениях, см. Мельбурн (значения) .

Город Мельбурн Мельбурн , Виктория
Вид с воздуха на горизонт Мельбурна Кингс Домен , май 2020 г.
Location in Greater Melbourne
Coordinates	37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E
Population	149,615 (2021 census)
• Density	3,969/km2 (10,279/sq mi)
Established	12 August 1842
Area	37.7 km2 (14.6 sq mi)
Time zone	AEST (UTC+10)
• Summer (DST)	AEDT (UTC+11)
Lord Mayor	Nicholas Reece
Council seat	Melbourne CBD (Town Hall)
Region	Greater Melbourne
County	Bourke
State electorate(s)	Albert Park Brunswick Essendon Melbourne Prahran
Federal division(s)	Macnamara Maribyrnong Melbourne
Website	City of Melbourne
LGAs around City of Melbourne: Moonee Valley Merri-bek Darebin Maribyrnong City of Melbourne Yarra Hobsons Bay Port Phillip Stonnington

The city flag of Melbourne.

The Melbourne City coat of arms

Melbourne Town Hall on Swanston Street built 1870–1887

Город Мельбурн — это район местного самоуправления в штате Виктория, Австралия , расположенный в центральной части города Мельбурн . В 2021 году площадь города составляла 37,7 квадратных километров (14,6 квадратных миль), а население составляло 149 615 человек. города Девиз — « vires acquirit eundo », что означает «мы собираем силы на ходу».

Нынешним лорд-мэром является Николас Рис , который сменил Салли Кэпп 2 июля 2024 года. Городской совет Мельбурна ( MCC ) занимает должность в ратуше Мельбурна .

История

Мельбурн был основан в 1835 году, во время правления короля Вильгельма IV , после прибытия шхуны « Энтерпрайз» недалеко от нынешнего места Королевской пристани. В отличие от других столиц Австралии, Мельбурн возник не под официальной эгидой, а был обязан своим происхождением некоренным поселенцам из Тасмании .

Having been a province of New South Wales from its establishment in 1835, affairs of the settlement had been administered by the Parliament of New South Wales. With the growth of the settlement there had been an increasing demand by the inhabitants for greater autonomy over their own affairs. On 12 August 1842, Melbourne was incorporated as a town by Act 6 Victoria No. 7 of the Governor and Legislative Council of New South Wales.

The town of Melbourne was raised to the status of a city by Letters Patent of Queen Victoria dated 25 June 1847, five years after its incorporation as a town. The Letters Patent also constituted the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne and declared Melbourne a cathedral city. A motion was tabled at a meeting of the Town Council to alter the style and title of Melbourne from a town to a city, a draft Bill was approved and transmitted to the Government for introduction to the Legislature. On 3 August 1849, Act 13 Victoria No. 14 was finally assented to as "An Act to effect a change in the Style and Title of the Corporation of Melbourne rendered necessary by the erection of the Town of Melbourne to a City".

The city's initial boundaries, as set down in Act 8 Victoria No. 12 (19 December 1844) extended from Point Ormond in Elwood up Barkly Street and Punt Road to the Yarra River, along the river to Merri Creek at Abbotsford, then west along Brunswick Road to Moonee Ponds Creek, then south past Flemington Bridge to Princes Pier in Port Melbourne. The Act imposed on the Mayor a duty to set up "permanent and conspicuous boundary marks of iron, wood, stone or other durable material" along or near the line of the Town's boundaries—this was undertaken by Mayor James Frederick Palmer and Town Clerk John Charles King on 4 February 1846.

During the 1850s, Collingwood, Fitzroy and Richmond seceded from Melbourne (all are, since 1994, part of the City of Yarra), as did South Melbourne, whilst other parts became parts of the neighbouring districts of St Kilda and Port Melbourne, and the border between Brunswick and Melbourne moved south one block to Park Street.

On 18 December 1902, King Edward VII conferred the title "Lord Mayor" on the mayor of the City of Melbourne.

On 30 October 1905, Melbourne absorbed two neighbouring council areas. Now included in the City was the Borough of Flemington and Kensington, which had been formed in 1882 when it broke away from the City of Essendon. The second, the Town of North Melbourne, formerly known as Hotham, had been established on 30 September 1859 and been granted town status on 18 December 1874. Both town halls are still in use today as public buildings—the former in Kensington near the present-day Newmarket railway station; the latter in Errol Street, North Melbourne.

The Melbourne and Geelong Corporations Act 1938 allowed for three councillors for each of the eleven wards, with a general election held on 24 August 1939.

The first woman in 125 years to be elected to the council was local businessperson Clare J. Cascarret in 1967. The election was said to have cost her over half a million pounds.

Following a recommendation by the Local Government Advisory Board in 1978, an Order in Council (27 February 1979, effective from 19 May 1979) reduced the wards from eleven to eight. In December 1980, the Hamer Government dismissed the council, and appointed three Commissioners to determine how the boundaries could best be altered to produce more effective local government, with special regard to Melbourne's central business district and its importance to the state, as well as to advise changes needed to the constitution, structure, functions and administration. However, in 1982, with the election of a new Labor government under John Cain, the Act establishing the commission was repealed, and the Melbourne Corporation (Election of Council) Act 1982 established six wards, for which an election was held on 4 December 1982. Three years later, an additional ward was added.

Between 1993 and 1996 the City was again led by Commissioners, along with every local Council in Victoria, while all boundaries were comprehensively reviewed, more than halving the number of Councils.

In 1993, the City of Melbourne Act specified changes to the boundaries which saw Melbourne gain Southbank and the Victorian Arts Centre on 18 November 1993, and the city was resubdivided into four wards – Flagstaff, University, Hoddle and Domain. The wards were abolished in 2001, with the council having a directly elected Lord Mayor and Deputy Lord Mayor, and seven other councillors. In 2012, the number of Councillors was increased to nine, in addition to the Lord Mayor and Deputy Lord Mayor.

Also in the 1990s, local government control of the docks area on the west side of the city was given to Victorian Government's Docklands Authority.

In 2005, the council announced the construction of a new 6-star environmental office building, Council House 2, in Little Collins Street.

On 2 July 2007, the City of Melbourne almost doubled in size when the suburb of Docklands was re-added to its jurisdiction.

On 1 July 2008, a section of Kensington and North Melbourne was transferred to the City of Melbourne from the City of Moonee Valley.

In July 2009, Lord Mayor Robert Doyle unveiled a new corporate identity for the City of Melbourne, costing $239,558.

Building on the council's longstanding interest in environmental issues, on 16 July 2019, the council voted to declare a climate and biodiversity emergency in line with similar declarations made elsewhere.

Following the death of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, the City of Melbourne caused controversy and breached protocol, by failing to lower the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flags to half mast, whilst the Australian flag was lowered in mourning.

Council

Main article: 2020 Melbourne City Council election

Town Hall Chambers (left) in 1968, just before its demolition and in the same location: Council House 2, Little Collins Street (right), completed 2006, the world's first 6 star green rating building; it features a louvred façade, natural and recycled materials, solar panels and thermal mass cooling.

The City of Melbourne is an unsubdivided municipality, consisting of a directly elected Lord Mayor and Deputy Lord Mayor, and nine Councillors. Since 2008, all Victorian councillors serve a four-year term. The most recent general election was held on Saturday 24 October 2020. The next general election will be held in October 2024.

During a general election, the City of Melbourne holds two simultaneous elections – one to elect the Lord Mayor and Deputy Lord Mayor (leadership team) and the other to elect the nine councillors. All residents are entitled to vote in the election, as well as up to two of each of the following: non-residential owners and occupiers of rateable property. If a corporation solely owns or occupies rateable property in the municipality, then the corporation must appoint two company officers (director and/or company secretary, or equivalent) to represent it and vote on its behalf.

Current composition

The current makeup of the Council is:

Party		Councillors
	Team Sally Capp	4
	Greens	2
	Team Arron Wood	1
	Labor	1
	Bring Back Melbourne	1
	Team Hakim	1
	Back to Business	1
Total		11

Party		Councillor	Notes
	Team Sally Capp	Sally Capp	Mayor
	Team Sally Capp	Nicholas Reece	Deputy Mayor
	Team Sally Capp	Kevin Louey
	Greens	Rohan Leppert
	Team Arron Wood	Jason Chang
	Labor	Davydd Griffiths
	Team Sally Capp	Roshena Campbell
	Greens	Olivia Ball
	Bring Back Melbourne	Philip Le Liu
	Team Hakim	Jamal Hakim
	Back to Business	Elizabeth Mary Doidge

Election results

2020

This section is an excerpt from Results of the 2020 Victorian local elections § Councillors.[edit]

2020 Victorian local elections: Melbourne (councillors)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Team Sally Capp	1. Kevin Louey (elected 1) 2. Roshena Campbell (elected 5) 3. Mark David McMillan 4. Tania Davidge 5. James Young 6. Tina Kuek	24,395	26.73	−10.72
	Greens	1. Rohan Leppert (elected 2) 2. Olivia Ball (elected 6) 3. Emily Corcoran 4. David Jeffery 5. Nakita Thomson 6. Charlotte George	14,602	16.00	−4.16
	Team Arron Wood	1. Jason Chang (elected 3) 2. Peter Clarke 3. Beverley Frances Pinder 4. Abdirahman I. Ali 5. Beverley Honig	12,187	13.35	+13.35
	Labor	1. Davydd Griffiths (elected 4) 2. Mary Delahunty 3. Hamdi Ali	10,626	11.64	+11.64
	Bring Back Melbourne	1. Philip Le Liu (elected 7) 2. Serena Lu Jiang 3. Lauren Sherson 4. Darin Schade	6,683	7.32	−1.77
	Back To Business	1. Elizabeth Mary Doidge (elected 9) 2. Charles Pick 3. Moti Visa 4. Bedri Sainovski	6,572	7.18	+7.18
	Liberal Democrats	1. Paul Silverberg 2. Faith Newman	5,064	5.55	+5.55
	Morgan-Watts Team	1. Jackie Watts 2. Michael Kennedy 3. Haya Aldaghlas 4. Dashi Zhang	1,541	1.69	−3.22
	Victorian Socialists	1. Christopher di Pasquale 2. Jesse Lambourn	1,441	1.58	+1.58
	Sustainable Australia	1. Richard Belcher 2. Bettina Terry	1,361	1.49	+1.49
	Animal Justice	1. Rabin Bangaar 2. Rod Whitfield	1,251	1.37	−1.07
	Residents First	1. Janette Corcoran 2. Mary Masters 3. Samantha Tran	1,110	1.21	+1.21
	Innovate Melbourne	1. Andrew Rowse 2. John Daniell	817	0.89	+0.89
	Team Hakim	1. Jamal Hakim (elected 8) 2. Safaa Hakim	379	0.41	+0.41
	Melbourne - We All Matter	1. Sainab Sheikh 2. Fatuma Ali	374	0.41	+0.41
	Artemis Pattichi - Independent Local Voice	1. Artemis Pattichi 2. Adriana Mendieta Nino	351	0.38	+0.38
	Ungrouped	Scott Robson Luke Downing Philip Jonathan Bateman Andrew Ward	332	0.36	+0.10
	Your Melbourne Team Get It Done	1. Mary Poulakis 2. Fiona Sweetman	291	0.32	+0.32
	It Will Be Okay Melbourne	1. Joseph Burke 2. Michael Mach	203	0.22	+0.22
Total formal votes			88,434	96.62	−1.42
Informal votes			1,686	3.38	+1.42
Turnout			91,531	66.73	+11.54

2016

This section is an excerpt from Results of the 2016 Victorian local elections § Councillors.[edit]

2016 Victorian local elections: Melbourne (Councillors)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
Quota			7,240
	Team Doyle	1. Kevin Louey (elected 1) 2. Nicholas Reece (elected 3) 3. Tessa Sullivan (elected 5) 4. Susan Riley (elected 9) 5. Beverley Pinder-Mortimer 6. Sue Stanley 7. Hope Wei	27,116	37.45	−0.03
	Greens	1. Rohan Leppert (elected 2) 2. Cathy Oke (elected 4) 3. Apsara Sabaratnam 4. Jenny Pitts 5. Ben Curnow	14,593	20.16	+4.54
	Together Melbourne	1. Philip Le Liu (elected 6) 2. Tony Penna 3. Barbara Yerondais 4. Alice Poon	6,578	9.09	+9.09
	Phil Cleary Means Business	1. Michael Caiafa 2. Suzanne Vale 3. Sebastian Saggio	5,667	7.83	+7.83
	Stephen Mayne T.I.A.E.	1. Stephen Mayne 2. Johanna Maxwell	3,666	5.06	−0.95
	Team Morgan - A City That Works	1. Jackie Watts (elected 7) 2. Michael Kennedy 3. Farida Fleming	3,557	4.91	−4.69
	Strengthening Melbourne	1. Robin Matthews 2. Wesa Chau 3. Roger Smith	1,905	2.63	+2.63
	Animal Justice	1. Bruce Poon 2. Fiona Creedy	1,770	2.44	+2.44
	Listening To Locals	1. Richard Foster 2. Bridie Walsh	1,718	2.37	+2.37
	An Indigenous Voice On Council	1. Brooke Wandin 2. Nicolas Frances Gilley (elected 8)	1,534	2.12	+2.12
	Serving Melbourne With Integrity	1. Marcus Fielding 2. Sallyann Wilson	1,519	2.10	+2.10
	The Light On The Hill Team	1. Jim Ward 2. Sergey Sizenko	960	1.33	+1.33
	The Heritage Agenda	1. Adam Munro Ford 2. Luke Downing	816	1.13	+1.13
	Melburnian Voice	1. Joseph Sarraf 2. Miroslav Zverina	808	1.12	+1.12
	Science	Luke James	82	0.11
	Independent	Neil Pringle	57	0.11
	Independent	Jing Li	62	0.07
Total formal votes			72,398	98.04	+0.2
Informal votes			1,451	1.96	−0.2
Turnout			73,849	55.19	−4.82

Demographics

Selected historical census data for City of Melbourne local government area
Census year			2001	2006	2011	2016
Population		Estimated residents on census night	60,745	71,380	93,625	135,959
		LGA rank in terms of size within Victoria		30th	25th	18th
		% of Victoria population	1.32%	1.45%	1.75%	2.29%
		% of Australian population	0.32%	0.36%	0.44%	0.58%
Cultural and language diversity
Ancestry, top responses		Chinese			17.1%	22.8%
		English			16.8%	14.1%
		Australian			12.7%	9.7%
		Irish			7.3%	6.0%
		Scottish			5.6%	4.5%
Language, top responses (other than English)		Mandarin	4.7%	8.1%	10.4%	18.7%
		Cantonese	4.7%	5.6%	4.9%	3.9%
		Indonesian	3.1%	3.1%	2.7%	2.2%
		Italian	1.8%	1.4%
		Vietnamese	1.3%
		Korean		1.2%	1.4%	2.1%
		Arabic			1.5%
		Spanish				1.7%
Religious affiliation
Religious affiliation, top responses		No religion	21.1%	26.6%	33.8%	44.5%
		Catholic	20.2%	18.6%	17.2%	12.9%
		Anglican	11.9%	8.4%	6.5%
		Buddhism	6.2%	7.5%	7.6%	6.9%
		Uniting	4.0%
		Islam		3.5%	4.5%
		Hinduism				4.0%
Median weekly incomes
Personal income		Median weekly personal income		A$566	A$711	A$642
		% of Australian median income		121.5%	123.2%	97.0%
Family income		Median weekly family income		A$1627	A$1962	A$2062
		% of Australian median income		138.9%	132.5%	118.9%
Household income		Median weekly household income		A$1081	A$1352	A$1354
		% of Australian median income		105.3%	109.6%	94.2%
Dwelling structure
Dwelling type		Separate house	5.6%	3.7%	5.1%	2.9%
		Semi-detached, terrace or townhouse	21.1%	16.6%	16.7%	12.7%
		Flat or apartment	70.4%	79.2%	77.9%	83.4%

Townships and localities

The 2021 census, the city had a population of 149,615 up from 135,959 in the 2016 census

Population
Locality	2016	2021
Carlton	18,535	16,055
Carlton North^	6,300	6,177
Docklands	10,964	15,495
East Melbourne	4,964	4,896
Flemington^	7,719	7,025
Kensington	10,812	10,745
Melbourne CBD^	47,285	54,941
North Melbourne	14,940	14,953
Parkville^	7,409	7,074
Port Melbourne^	16,175	17,633
South Wharf	106	71
South Yarra^	25,147	25,028
Southbank^	18,709	22,631
West Melbourne	5,515	8,025

^ - Territory divided with another LGA

Population of the urban area

Year	1954	1958	1961	1966	1971	1976	1981	1986	1991	1996	2001	2006	2011	2016	2021
Population	93,172	89,800*	76,810	75,709	75,830	65,167	59,100*	56,100*	38,504	45,253	60,745	71,380	93,625	135,959	149,615

* Estimates in 1958, 1983 and 1988 Victorian Year Books.

Railway stations

For a complete list, see List of Melbourne railway stations.

Flinders Street station

City Loop: Flagstaff Flinders Street Melbourne Central Parliament Southern Cross

Other Royal Park North Melbourne Jolimont Macaulay South Kensington Flemington Racecourse Showgrounds

Schools

Public

• University High School
• Victorian College for the Deaf
• Victorian College of the Arts Secondary School
• Carlton Primary School
• Carlton Gardens Primary School
• Docklands Primary School
• North Melbourne Primary School
• South Yarra Primary School

Private

• Christ Church Grammar School (Victoria, Primary)
• Eltham College – Year 9 City Campus
• Haileybury College - City Campus
• Melbourne Girls' Grammar School
• Melbourne Grammar School
• Tintern Grammar
• Wesley College – St Kilda Road Campuses

Catholic

• St Aloysius' College
• St Joseph's College
• Simonds Catholic College
• St Michaels Catholic Primary School

Sister cities

The Tianjin Garden on Spring Street serves as a symbol of Melbourne's close friendship with its sister city Tianjin.

The City of Melbourne has five sister cities:

• Osaka, Japan (established 1978)
• Tianjin, China (established 1980)
• Thessaloniki, Greece (established 1984)
• Boston, Massachusetts, United States (established 1985)
• Milan, Italy (established 2004)

Between 1989 and 2022, the City of Melbourne had a sister city relationship with Saint Petersburg, Russia; this sister city relationship was indefinitely suspended on 1 March 2022, then terminated on 30 May 2023, as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

In addition to the sister cities, the City of Melbourne also cooperates with:

• New Delhi, India
• Bandung, Indonesia
• Chengdu, China
• Guangzhou, China
• Nanjing, China
• Suzhou, China
• Yokohama, Japan
• Vancouver, Canada
• Los Angeles, United States
• San Francisco, United States
• Auckland, New Zealand
• Chicago, United States
• Ottawa, Canada
• Toronto, Canada
• Liverpool, United Kingdom
• Birmingham, United Kingdom
• San Diego, United States
• Shanghai, China
• Nagoya, Japan
• Kobe, Japan

See also

• List of mayors and lord mayors of Melbourne

Внешние ссылки

• Официальный сайт города Мельбурн
• Что происходит
• Карта общественного транспорта Метлинк
• Краеведческая история города Мельбурна
• Enterprize – высокий корабль Мельбурна
• Ссылка на интерактивные карты Land Victoria. Архивировано 24 марта 2022 г. на Wayback Machine.