Вооруженные силы Боснии и Герцеговины
| Вооруженные силы Боснии и Герцеговины | |
|---|---|
| Вооруженные силы Боснии и Герцеговины ( Сербо-Хорватский ) | |
 Эмблема вооруженных сил | |
| Девиз | Перспектива («перспектива») |
| Основан | 1 декабря 2004 года |
| Сервисные филиалы | Ground Forces Военно -воздушные силы |
| Headquarters | Sarajevo |
| Website | www |
| Leadership | |
| Commander-in-Chief | The Presidency |
| Minister of Defence | Zukan Helez[1] |
| Chief of Joint Staff | Gen. Gojko Knežević[1] |
| Personnel | |
| Military age | 18 years of age |
| Conscription | Abolished in 2006 |
| Available for military service | 990,445 males, age 18–49 (2019 est.), 941,888 females, age 18–49 (2019 est.) |
| Fit for military service | 991,569 males, age 18–49 (2019 est.), 951,780 females, age 18–49 (2019 est.) |
| Reaching military age annually | 50,870 males (2019 est.), 65,789 females (2019 est.) |
| Active personnel | 12,769[2] |
| Reserve personnel | 6,000[2] |
| Deployed personnel | 64 |
| Expenditure | |
| Budget | $220 million[3] |
| Percent of GDP | 0.20% (2023)[3] |
| Industry | |
| Domestic suppliers | "Zrak" d.d. Sarajevo PD "Igman" Konjic Ginex d.d. Goražde "Orao" a.d. Bijeljina UNIS Promex Sarajevo BNT Travnik "Binas" d.d. Bugojno Fabrika specijalnih vozila TRZ Hadžići PS Vitezit d.o.o. |
| Foreign suppliers |  United States European Union United Kingdom Germany Italy Norway Croatia Turkey |
| Related articles | |
| History | Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Army of Republika Srpska Croatian Defence Council |
| Ranks | Military ranks and insignia of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Bosnian Ground Forces | |
|---|---|
| Active | 2006–present |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Branch | Army |
| Role | Ground defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Size | 7,300 |
| Garrison/HQ | Sarajevo |
| Motto(s) | "Perspektiva" ("Perspective")[1] |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Brigadir Emir Kliko Brigadir Zdravko Rezo Radovan Jović |
Вооруженные силы Боснии и Герцеговины ( Сербо-Хорватские : Вооруженные силы Боснии и Герцеговины / Вооруженные силы Боснии и Герцеговины или Осбих ) являются официальными военными силами Боснии и Герцеговины . Вооруженные силы BIH были официально объединены в 2005 году и состоят из двух армий -основателей : Армии Боснейской и хорваты Федерации Боснии и Герцеговины (VFBIH) и сербов армии боснийской Республики Српска (VRS).
Министерство обороны Боснии и Герцеговины , основанное в 2004 году, отвечает за вооруженные силы Боснии и Герцеговины.
Цепь команд
[ редактировать ]In accordance with the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Article 5.5a), Bosnian Law of defense and Bosnian Law of service the supreme civilian commander of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the collective Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The collective Presidency directs the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Armed Forces. Former Bosnia and Herzegovina ministers of defence include Nikola Radovanović, Selmo Cikotić, Muhamed Ibrahimović, Zekerijah Osmić, Marina Pendeš and Sifet Podžić. As of 2023[update], the minister is Zukan Helez. Former Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina include Lieutenant colonel general Sifet Podžić, Lieutenant colonel general Miladin Milojčić, Lieutenant colonel general Anto Jeleč and Colonel general Senad Mašović. The current Chief of Joint Staff is General Gojko Knežević. Conscription was completely abolished in Bosnia and Herzegovina effective on and from 1 January 2006.[4]
Defence law
[edit]The Bosnia and Herzegovina Defence Law addresses the following areas: the Military of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Government Institutions, Entity Jurisdictions and Structure, Budget and Financing, Composition of Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, War Declaration, natural disasters, conflict of interests and professionalism, Oath to Bosnia-Herzegovina, flags, anthem and military insignia, and transitional and end orders.
History
[edit]The ARBiH was formed from three armies of the Bosnian War period: the Bosniak Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska, and the Croat Defence Council.
The Army of the Republic of Bosnia And Herzegovina was created on 15 April 1992 during the early days of the Bosnian War. Before the ARBiH was formally created, there existed Territorial Defence, an official military force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and several paramilitary groups such as the Green Berets, Patriotic League, and civil defence groups, as well as many criminal gangs and collections of police and military professionals. The army was formed under poor circumstances, with a very low number of tanks, APCs and no military aviation assets. The army was divided into Corps, each Corps was stationed in a territory. The first commander was Sefer Halilović.
The Army of Republika Srpska was created on 12 May 1992. Before the VRS was formally created, there were several paramilitary groups such as the Srpska dobrovoljačka garda, Beli Orlovi, as well as some Russian, Greek and other volunteers. The army was equipped with ex-JNA inventory. It had about 200 tanks, mostly T-55s and 85 M-84s, and 150 APCs with several heavy artillery pieces. The Air Defense of VRS shot down several aircraft, like F-16, Mirage 2000, F-18 and one Croatian Air Force MiG-21. The VRS received support from the Yugoslav Army and FR Yugoslavia.
The Croatian Defence Council was the main military formation of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia during the Bosnian War. It was the first organized military force to control the Croat-populated areas, created on 8 April 1992. They ranged from men armed with shotguns assigned to village defence tasks to organized, uniformed, and well-equipped brigade-sized formations that nevertheless employed part-time soldiers. As time went on, the HVO forces became increasingly better organized and more "professional", but it was not until early 1994, that the HVO began to form guards brigades, mobile units manned by full-time professional soldiers.
In 1995–96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia and Herzegovina, beginning on December 21, 1995, to implement and monitor the military aspects of the Dayton Peace Agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force or SFOR. The number of SFOR troops was reduced first to 12,000 and then to 7,000. SFOR was in turn succeeded by an even smaller, European Union-led European Union Force, EUFOR Althea. As of 2004[update], EUFOR Althea numbered around 7,000 troops.
The Bosnian Train and Equip Program
[edit]The program to train and equip the Bosnian Federation Army after the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995 was a key element of the U.S. strategy to bring stable peace to Bosnia. The Train and Equip Program also calmed the concerns of some Congressmen about committing U.S. troops to peacekeeping duty in Bosnia. Creating a stable and functioning Federation Army that could deter Serb aggression had the prospect of allowing NATO and U.S. troops to withdraw from Bosnia within the original 12-month mandate, which the administration assured Congress was all it would take to stabilize the country.[5]
| Country | Funds | Equipment |
|---|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates | $15 million | $120 million worth of equipment
• 36 pieces of M101 howitzer • 50 AMX-30 tanks and 31 AML-90 armored vehicles • 8 transport vehicles |
| United States | $109 million worth of equipment and services
• 45 M60A3 tanks, 80 M113-A2 armored personnel carriers, 240 heavy trucks • 15 UH-1H helicopters • 116 155mm field howitzers and 840 AT4 light antitank weapons • 1,000 M60 machine guns and 46,100 M16 rifles • JANUS and BBS Command and Staff simulation software • 2,342 radios, 4,100 tactical telephones, binoculars | |
| Saudi Arabia | $50 million | |
| Kuwait | $50 million | |
| Brunei | $27 million | |
| Qatar | $13 million worth of equipment
• 25 armored personnel carriers | |
| Malaysia | $10 million | |
| Egypt | $3.8 million worth of equipment
• 16 130mm field guns • 12 122mm howitzers and 18 23mm antiaircraft guns | |
| Turkey | $2 million worth of equipment
• 10 T-55 tanks | |
| Total Value: $399.8 million | ||
The program conducted an “international program review” in April 1998 to demonstrate to U.S. partners that it had been well managed and successful and to solicit additional contributions. The event was attended by 20 current and potential donor countries and an air of satisfaction prevailed.[5]
The Dayton Peace Agreement left the country with three armies under two commands: the Bosniak and Bosnian Croat armies within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, facing their recent adversaries the Army of the Republika Srpska. These three forces together had around 419,000 personnel in regulars and reserves.[6] This force size and orientation was totally at odds with the international peacemakers' vision. Slow reductions did take place. By 2004, the two warring factions had reduced their forces to 12,000 regulars and 240,000 reserves but had made virtually no progress in integrating the two into one new force, though the basis of a state defence ministry had been put in place via the Standing Committee on Military Matters (SCMM). Conscription for periods of around four months continued, the costs of which were weighing down both entities.
The restructuring of the three armies into the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina represents part of a wider process of 'thickening' the central state institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[7] To mitigate some of the potential controversy around restructuring, the Office of the High Representative (OHR) made use of evidence of malpractice in Republika Srpska military institutions. Firstly, from 2002 onwards, OHR utilised a scandal around the provision of parts and assistance to Iraq in breach of a UN embargo (the so-called Orao affair) to support the cause for bringing governance of the armies under the level of central institutions.[8] Following this, in 2004, the process was accelerated,[9] drawing its justification from new evidence of material and other forms of support flowing from Republika Srpska armed forces to ICTY indictee Ratko Mladić. OHR condemned the ‘systematic connivance of high-ranking members of the RS military’ and noted that measures to tackle such systematic deficiencies were under consideration.[10] This was quickly followed by the expansion of the mandate for a Defence Reform Commission, which ultimately resulted in the consolidation of three armed forces into one, governed at the level of the central state.[11]
As the joint AFBiH began to develop, troops began to be sent abroad. Bosnia and Herzegovina deployed a unit of 37 men to destroy munitions and clear mines, in addition to 6 command personnel as part of the Multinational force in Iraq. The unit was first deployed to Fallujah, then Talil Air Base, and is now located at Camp Echo.[citation needed] In December 2006, the Bosnian government formally extended its mandate through June 2007. Bosnia and Herzegovina planned to send another 49 soldiers from the 6th Infantry Division to Iraq in August 2008, their mission being to protect/guard Camp Victory in Baghdad.[needs update]
Structure
[edit]
The Military units are commanded by the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina Joint Staff in Sarajevo. There are two major commands under the Joint Staff: Operational Command and Support Command.
There are three regiments that are each formed by soldiers from the three ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs and trace their roots to the armies that were created during the war in BiH. These regiments have their distinct ethnic insignias and consist of three active battalions each. Headquarters of regiments have no operational authority. On the basis of the Law on Service in the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the regimental headquarters have the following tasks: to manage the regimental museum, monitor financial fund, prepare, investigate and cherish the history of the regiment, the regiment publish newsletters, maintain cultural and historical heritage, give guidance on holding special ceremonies, give guidance on customs, dress and deportment Regiment, conduct officer, NCO and military clubs. Each regiments' three battalions are divided evenly between the three active brigades of the Army.
Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
[edit]| Name | Headquarters | Information | Chief |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operational Command[12] | Sarajevo | The main command center of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. | Gojko Knežević |
Operational Command
[edit]
Tac. Sup. Bde
4th Infantry Brigade 5th Infantry Brigade 6th Infantry Brigade
Overall the brigades are multinational with over 50% Bosniaks, 30% Serbs, 15% Croats and about 4% of other ethnic groups.[13]
- Operational Command, in Sarajevo
- 4th Infantry Brigade, in Čapljina
- 5th Infantry Brigade, in Tuzla
- 6th Infantry Brigade, in Banja Luka
- Бригада тактической поддержки в Сараево
- Бронированный батальон, в Тузле
- Инженерный батальон, в Дерверенте
- Батальон военной разведки в Сараево
- Батальон военной полиции, в Сараево
- Понижающий батальон, в Сараево
- Сигнальный батальон, в бледном
- CBRN Defense Company, в Тузле
- Бригада ВВС и воздушной обороны , на авиабазе Сараево и воздушной базе Banja Luka
- 1 -я вертолетная эскадрилья, в аэропорту Банджа Лука
2 -я вертолетная эскадрилья, в аэропорту Сараево - Батальон ПВО в аэропорту Сараево
- Батальон наблюдения и раннего предупреждения в аэропорту Банджа Лука
- Батальон поддержки полетов в аэропорту Сараево и аэропорту Банджи Лука
Бригады под контролем команды поддержки
[ редактировать ]| Имя | Штаб -квартира | Информация |
|---|---|---|
| Кадровое командование | БАНДЖА ЛУКА |
|
| Логистическая команда | Трвник Дободж |
|
Внутри вооруженных сил есть ряд услуг. К ним относятся техническая служба, служба авиационной технологии, служба военной полиции, Служба связи, санитарная служба, служба ветеранов, гражданская служба, финансовая служба, информационная служба, юридическая служба, религиозная служба и музыкальная служба.
Униформа и знака
[ редактировать ]Вооруженные силы Боснии и Герцеговины были объединены в 2005 году, и в то время им нужна была униформа для недавно основанных вооруженных сил. Марпат был обозначен как будущий камуфляжный шаблон, который будет использоваться в боевой форме AFBIH.
Знакения встречаются на военных шляпах или беретах, в правом и левом плече на униформе всех солдат вооруженных сил. Все, за исключением генералов, носите значки на шляпах или беретах с помощью значка Land Force или ВВС. Генералы носят значки с гербами Боснии, окруженными ветвями и двумя мечами. Все солдаты вооруженных сил имеют на правом плече флаг Боснии и Герцеговины. Все члены трех полков носят свой полк в левом плече. Существуют и другие знаки, бригады или другие учреждения носят под надписью полка. Название солдат носит в левой части груди, в то время как название «Вооруженные силы Бих носят в правой части груди.
В 2023 году члены Вооруженных сил Боснии и Герцеговины начали носить новую полевую форму высококачественной ткани и оригинальных схем камуфляжа с характеристиками боснийской среды.
Оборудование
[ редактировать ]
Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в «Министерство обороны и вооруженные силы Боснии и Герцеговины» (PDF) . Mod.gov.ba. Архив из оригинала (PDF) 4 марта 2016 года . Получено 4 января 2018 года .
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный «О вооруженных силах Биха » .
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный «Новый бюджет Министерства обороны Боснии и Герцеговины» .
- ^ «НАТО и Комиссия по реформам обороны: партнеры за прогресс» . Setimes.com . Получено 4 января 2018 года .
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в
Эта статья включает текст из этого источника, который находится в общественном доступе : Лэмб, Кристофер Дж. (Март 2014 г.). Аркин, Сара; Скаддер, Салли (ред.). Боснийская программа поезда и оборудования: урок межведомственной интеграции жесткой и мягкой силы (PDF) . , округ Колумбия, Вашингтон США .
- ^ Объединенные военные дела HQ SFOR и реформа обороны BIH , впервые опубликованные в SFOR Informer#171, июнь 2004 года.
- ^ Эйчисон, Энди (2013). «Управление по преступности на международном уровне? Босния и Герцеговина» (PDF) . Британский журнал политики и международных отношений . 15 (4): 558. doi : 10.1111/j.1467-856x.2012.00521.x . HDL : 20.500.11820/39F711111-9C3B-43BA-A7CB-C9E868D6D230 . S2CID 142912756 . Архивировано (PDF) из оригинала на 2022-10-09.
- ^ Эшдаун, Пэдди (2007). Мечи и палочки: принесение мира до 21 -го века . Лондон: Вайденфельд и Николсон. С. 248–250. ISBN 978-0297853039 .
- ^ Эшдаун, Пэдди (2007). Мечи и палочки: принесение мира до 21 -го века . Лондон: Вайденфельд и Николсон. п. 294. ISBN 978-0297853039 .
- ^ «Отказ от ICTY Основное препятствие для членства PFP во второй раз» . Управление высшего представителя . Получено 18 июня 2012 года .
- ^ «Решение расширить мандат Комиссии по реформам обороны» . Управление высшего представителя . Получено 18 июня 2002 года .
- ^ «Совместный персонал AF Bih» . Архивировано с оригинала 2016-03-16 . Получено 2015-04-15 .
- ^ «Результаты переписи: 50,11% босников живут в BIH, 15,43% хорватов и сербов 30,78%» . www.vecernji.hr (на хорватском) . Получено 2019-06-06 .
Дальнейшее чтение
[ редактировать ]- Доршнер, Джим (18 апреля 2007 г.), «Эндшпиль в Боснии», Weekly Jane Weekly , стр. 24–29
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]- Министерство обороны Боснии и Герцеговины
- Военная промышленность - Босния и Герцеговина
- Сила Европейского Союза в Боснии и Герцеговине - EUFOR (на английском языке)
- Миссия ОБСЕ в Боснию и Герцеговину (на английском языке)
- Штаб -квартира НАТО Сараево информация о реформе сектора безопасности
- Пожертвование специализированных транспортных средств США на AFBIH
- Общение с интеклигентом поддержки Норвегии
- Финансовая поддержка из Германии
- Пожертвования Европейского Союза для смягчения деятельности
Босния и Герцеговина темы |
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