Тайный совет Шотландии
Тайный совет Шотландии ( ок. 1490 - 1 мая 1708 года) был органом, который консультировал шотландского монарха . В диапазоне своих функций Совет часто был более важным, чем поместья в управлении страной. Его регистры включают в себя широкий спектр материалов по политическим, административным, экономическим и социальным вопросам Королевства Шотландии . Совет контролировал администрирование закона, регулируемой торговли и судоходства, принял чрезвычайные меры против чумы, предоставил лицензии на поездку, придерживался присяги верности, изгнанные нищие и цыгане , имели дело с ведьмами , перерывами , ковенантерами и якобитами и решают проблему Беззаконие в высокогорье и границах .
История
[ редактировать ]Как и в парламенте, Совет был развитием Совета короля . Совет короля, или Курия Регис , был судом монарха, окруженного его королевскими офицерами и другими, на которых он полагался на советы. Известно, что он существовал в тринадцатом веке, если не ранее, но оставил небольшие следы своей деятельности.
К более позднему пятнадцатому веку совет имел консультативные, исполнительные и судебные функции, хотя сохранившиеся записи в основном ограничены последними. Именно в этот период «секрет» или Тайный совет появляется официально, когда в феврале 1490 года парламент избрал 2 епископов, аббата или приора, 6 баронов и 8 королевских офицеров, чтобы сформировать Совет короля для Осенсина и выпущенных Король авторита в администрации справедливости .
The Lords of Secret Council, as they were known, were part of the general body of Lords of Council, like the Lords of Session and Lords Auditors of Exchequer. After 1532 much of the judicial business was transferred to the newly founded College of Justice, the later Court of Session. The council met regularly and was particularly active during periods of a monarch's minority. A separate register of the privy council appears in 1545 and probably marks the point at which the secret council split off from its parent body.
After 1603 James VI was able to boast to the English Parliament that he governed Scotland with my pen. The council received his written instructions and executed his will.[1] This style of government, continued by his grandsons Charles II and James VII, was disrupted during the reign of Charles I by the Covenanters and the Cromwellian occupation. There are gaps in the register during the upheavals of 1638–41 when the council was largely displaced by an alternative administration set up by the Covenanters and during the Cromwellian period, the council ceased to act at all.
After the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II nominated his own privy councillors and set up a council in London through which he directed affairs in Edinburgh, a situation that continued after the Glorious Revolution of 1688–9. The council survived the Act of Union but for one year only. It was abolished on 1 May 1708 by the Parliament of Great Britain and thereafter there was one Privy Council of Great Britain sitting in London.[2][3][4]
Until 1707, the Privy Council met in what is now the West Drawing Room at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh. It was called the Council Chamber in the 17th century.
The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (1545–1689) was edited and published between 1877 and 1970 by John Hill Burton, David Masson, Peter Hume Brown and Henry Macleod Paton.
Lord President of the Privy Council
[edit]The President of the Privy Council was one of the Great Officers of State in Scotland. The Lord Chancellor presided over the Council ex officio, but in 1610 James VI decreed that the President of the College of Justice should preside in the Chancellor's absence, and by 1619 the additional title of President of the Privy Council had been added. The two presidencies were separated in 1626 as part of Charles I's reorganisation of the Privy Council and Court of Session. The Lord President of the council was accorded precedence as one of the King's chief officers in 1661, but appeared in the Estates of Parliament only intermittently.
- 1625: The 4th Earl of Montrose
- 1649: The 1st Earl of Loudoun
- 1660: The 7th Earl of Rothes
- 1663: The 2nd Earl of Tweeddale
- 1672: The 1st Duke of Lauderdale
- 1681: Sir George Gordon of Haddo, 3rd Bt., later created Earl of Aberdeen
- 1682: The 3rd Marquess of Montrose
- 1686: The 1st Duke of Queensberry (questioned)
- 1689: The 18th Earl of Crawford and 2nd Earl of Lindsay
- 1692: The 2nd Earl of Annandale and Hartfell (later created 1st Marquess of Annandale)
- 1695: The 1st Earl of Melville
- 1702: The 1st Marquess of Annandale
- 1704: The 4th Marquess of Montrose
- 1705: The 1st Marquess of Annandale
- 1706: The 4th Marquess of Montrose (later created 1st Duke of Montrose)
office abolished in 1708
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]- ^ "Privy council records". Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ "Privy Council Records". National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
- ^ O'Gorman, Frank (2016). The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History 1688-1832. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 9781472507747.
- ^ Black, Jeremy (1993). The politics of Britain, 1688-1800. Manchester University Press. p. 13. ISBN 0719037611.
The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged) – 2nd Series (incomplete)
- Brown, Peter Hume (ed.), The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged), 2nd, vol. I, Edinburgh: Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury
- Brown, Peter Hume, ed. (1627–1628), The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged), 2nd, vol. II, Edinburgh: Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury (published 1900), retrieved 20 August 2008
- Brown, Peter Hume, ed. (1629–1630), The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged), 2nd, vol. III, Edinburgh: Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury (published 1901), retrieved 20 August 2008
- Brown, Peter Hume, ed. (1630–1632), The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged), 2nd, vol. IV, Edinburgh: Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury (published 1902)
- Brown, Peter Hume, ed. (1633–1635), The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged), 2nd, vol. V, Edinburgh: Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury (published 1904)
- Brown, Peter Hume, ed. (1635–1637), The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged), 2nd, vol. VI, Edinburgh: Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury (published 1905)
- Brown, Peter Hume, ed. (1638–1643), The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged), 2nd, vol. VII, Edinburgh: Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury (published 1906)
- Brown, Peter Hume, ed. (1644–1660), The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged), 2nd, vol. VIII, Edinburgh: Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury (published 1908)
Other links
- Home, David (probable author) (1700–1707), Hume, David (ed.), A Diary of the Proceedings in the Parliament and Privy Council of Scotland (21 May 1700 – 7 March 1707), Edinburgh (published 1828)
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