Хулна
Хулна
Открыть | |
|---|---|
Памятник в Инженерном университете и технологиях Хулна Мемориал мучеников Голламари Хулна Университетское озеро | |
| Прозвище (ы): Город Тигров, промышленный город, ворота в Сундарбаны | |
  Хулна | |
| Coordinates: 22°49′N 89°33′E / 22.82°N 89.55°E | |
| Country |  Bangladesh |
| Division | Khulna Division |
| District | Khulna District |
| Municipal Council: | 8 September 1884 |
| Municipal Corporation: | 12 December 1984 |
| City Corporation: | 6 August 1990 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor-council |
| • Body | Khulna City Corporation |
| • Administrator | Md. Helal Mahmud Sharif |
| • Police Commissioner | MD Masudur Rahman Bhuiyan |
| Area | |
| • Urban | 45.65 km2 (17.63 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 150.57 km2 (58.14 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 3rd |
| Elevation | 9.0 m (29.5 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Rank | 3rd |
| • Urban | 884,445 |
| • Urban density | 19,000/km2 (50,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,556,300 |
| • Metro density | 10,000/km2 (27,000/sq mi) |
| • City rank | 3rd in Bangladesh |
| • Metro rank | 3rd in Bangladesh |
| Demonym | Khulnaiya |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Bengali • English |
| Time zone | UTC+6 (BST) |
| Postal codes | 9000, 9100, 92xx |
| IDD : Calling Code | +880 (0)41 |
| UN/LOCODE | BD KHI |
| Police | Khulna Metropolitan Police |
| Airport | Jessore Airport & Khan Jahan Ali Airport (Planned) |
| Metropolitan Planning Authority | Khulna Development Authority |
| Water Supply and Sewerage Authority | Khulna WASA |
| Literacy rate | 71.5%[3] |
Жизнь ( def : Это Бог ... Bangladesh, after Dhaka and ChittagongР. [ 4 ] Это административный центр района Хулна и дивизиона Хулна . Экономика Хулны является третьим по величине в Бангладеш, внося 53 миллиарда долларов США в области валового регионального внутреннего продукта и 95 миллиардов долларов в паритете за закупку (ГЧП) в 2020 году. В переписи 2024 года в районе городской корпорации население составило 884 4455. [ 5 ]
Хулна находится на реке Рупша и Бхайраб , стратегической точке на юго -западе Бангладеш. Это также центр бангладешской индустрии, в котором принимают участие многие крупнейшие компании. Он обслуживается портом Монглы , второго по величине морского порта Бангладеш.
Колониальная служба пароходов , которая включает в себя Tern , Osrich и Lepcha , работает на маршруте реки до города. Хулна считается воротами в Сундарбаны , крупнейший в мире мангровой лес и дом бенгальского тигра . Это к северу от города мечети Багерхат , места всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО . [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
История
[ редактировать ]Хулна была частью древних королевств Ванга , Гангаридай и Самататы . После окончания империи Пала , им управляла династия Сена во время правления Баллалы Сена 12-го века и составляла часть дивизии Бенгалии Баги. В течение 14 -го века Шамсуддин Фироз Шах был первым мусульманским правителем, который прибыл в город. Мусульманские поселения увеличились во времена Шамсуддина Ильяса Шаха , и было создано многие мечети и святыни. Святой мусульманин, Хан Джахан Али , приобрел джагир (Факи), охватывающую большую часть дивизии Хулна у короля Гауа в течение 15 -го века и переименовал регион как Джаханабад. Али правил, пока он не умер в 1459 году. [ 8 ]
После смерти Али город стал частью бенгальского султаната . Во время правления Дауда Хана Каррани в 16 -м веке Викрамадити (один из главных министров Каррани) получил грант в южной Бенгалии, включая Хулну, когда Каррани боролся с Моголами . Vikramaditya создал суверенное королевство со своей столицей в Ишварипуре (в современном районе Ситхира ). Его сменил его сын, Пратападитя , который приобрел превосходство над баро-бхуянами и контролировала южную Бенгалию. Викрамадитя была побеждена Раджа Ман Сингхом I , индуистским генералом Раджпута императора Моголов Акбар в 1611 году. [ 9 ]
Khulna was ruled by autonomous Bengali nawabs until 1793 when the British East India Company abolished nizamat (local rule) and took control of the city. Becoming part of Jessore District in 1842, it became the headquarters of Khulna District (the Khulna and Bagerhat subdivisions of Jessore District, the Satkhira subdivision of 24 Parganas district, and the Sundarbans) in 1882.[9] У Хулны в 1884 году у Хулна была Pouroshava ( муниципальный совет ), которая стала муниципальной корпорацией в 1984 году.
Before 19 August 1947, Khulna District was part of undivided Bengal. Khulna first declared itself as part of India in 1947, and the Indian flag was flown on 15 August. Syed Mohammad Abdul Halim (an official of the Bengali civil service) requested Khulna's inclusion in Pakistan, and the boundary commission declared that the city was part of East Bengal. Sher e Bangla A.K.Fazlul Haq, Muslim League leaders Khan A Sabur, Advocate Hamidul Haq Chowdhury, A. F. M. Abdul Jalil, and Abdul Mojid Khan were also involved in the process.
During the Bangladesh Liberation War, the Pakistan Army created the 314th ad hoc Brigade to hold Khulna.[10] The city's Mukti Bahini fighters were part of sector 8 under the command of Major Abu Osman Chowdhury and, later, under Major Mohammad Abdul Monjur.[11]
Geography
[edit]Khulna is Bangladesh's third-largest city, after Dhaka and Chittagong. It is in the southwestern part of the country, on the Rupsha and Bhairab Rivers. Even though the city corporation area is 45.65 square Kilometres, The total city area covers 150.57 square kilometres (58.14 sq mi),[12] and Khulna District covers 4,394.46 square kilometres (1,696.71 sq mi). Khulna is south of Jessore and Narail District, east of Satkhira District, west of Bagerhat and north of the Bay of Bengal. It is part of the Ganges Delta, the world's largest river delta. Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest, is in the southern part of the delta. Tidal-flat ecosystems are adjacent to the city.[13] Khulna is in the northern part of the district, and the Mayur River is the western boundary of its metropolitan area.
Climate
[edit]In the Köppen climate classification, Khulna has a tropical wet and dry climate. The city is hot and humid during summer, and pleasantly warm during winter. Khulna is significantly affected by the Monsoon of South Asia. Khulna gets less rainfall than other parts of Bangladesh due to its location and the effects of the Sundarbans south of the city. Its annual average rainfall is 1,878.4 mm (73.95 in)h about 87 percent falling between May and October. Khulna also receives heavy rain from cyclones which form in the Bay of Bengal. The city has an annual average temperature of 26.3 °C (79.3 °F), with monthly averages ranging from 11.4 °C (52.5 °F) on January mornings to 34.6 °C (94.3 °F) during April afternoons.
| Climate data for Khulna (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) |
36.2 (97.2) |
38.7 (101.7) |
40.7 (105.3) |
40.7 (105.3) |
39.0 (102.2) |
37.4 (99.3) |
36.5 (97.7) |
37.2 (99.0) |
36.5 (97.7) |
38.4 (101.1) |
30.7 (87.3) |
40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.1 (77.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
32.9 (91.2) |
34.9 (94.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.4 (90.3) |
32.7 (90.9) |
32.3 (90.1) |
30.1 (86.2) |
26.4 (79.5) |
31.4 (88.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.5 (79.7) |
29.2 (84.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.9 (84.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.4 (54.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
24.3 (75.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.0 (60.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
6.4 (43.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 14 (0.6) |
37 (1.5) |
39 (1.5) |
62 (2.4) |
179 (7.0) |
311 (12.2) |
369 (14.5) |
320 (12.6) |
285 (11.2) |
151 (5.9) |
35 (1.4) |
6 (0.2) |
1,808 (71.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 23 | 21 | 17 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 114 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 74 | 73 | 76 | 79 | 85 | 87 | 86 | 87 | 84 | 80 | 79 | 81 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 220.1 | 229.7 | 254.2 | 249.6 | 237.2 | 157.5 | 137.7 | 146.9 | 160.0 | 216.6 | 234.5 | 217.8 | 2,461.8 |
| Source 1: NOAA[14] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Bangladesh Meteorological Department (humidity 1981–2010)[15] | |||||||||||||
Administration
[edit] |
Khulna Municipal Council was founded on 12 December 1884. It became a municipal corporation in 1984 and a city corporation in 1990. Khulna City Corporation (KCC) is a self-governing corporation run by an elected mayor, who governs the city's 31 wards. Currently, Talukder Abdul Khaled is the mayor of Khulna City Corporation (KCC).
The Khulna Metropolitan Police (KMP) maintains law and order and regulates traffic in the metropolitan area. It has eight police stations: Khulna Kotwali Thana, Sonadanga Thana, Khalishpur Thana, Daulatpur Thana, Khan Jahan Ali Thana, Aarongghata Thana, Horintana Thana and Labonchora Thana. The Metropolitan Magistrate Court (CMM) adjudicates the city's legal issues. The Khulna Development Authority (KDA) plans and coordinates the city's development. Khulna Water Supply & Sewerage Authority (KWASA) parallels the KCC.
Military
[edit]Khulna is one of two principal naval command centers for the Bangladesh Navy. The BNS Titumir naval base is in the city. Jahanabad Cantonment, containing the Army Service Corps Center and School (ASCC&S), is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Khulna.
Demographics
[edit]In the 2011 census, Khulna City Corporation had a population of 751,237 in 177,852 households. Khulna had a sex ratio of 923 females to 1000 males and a literacy rate of 72.7%.[16]
Like the rest of Bangladesh, most of the city's population is Bengali. Khulna's native residents are known as Khulnaiya. Its population also consists of people from neighboring districts (including Noakhali District), Barisal Faridpur Division, and Bihar.
Most residents speak Bengali (the national language), its dialects, and regional languages. English is understood by a large segment of the population, especially in business. An Urdu-speaking population, descendants of Muslims displaced from Bihar in 1947 who sought refuge in East Bengal, lives in the city's Khalishpur area.
Islam is Khulna's major religion, practiced by 90.04% of the population. Other religions are Hinduism (practiced by 8.71%), and Christianity (1.23%).[16]
Economy
[edit] |
Khulna is Bangladesh's third-largest economic center. North of the Port of Mongla, it has a variety of industries. Major sectors are jute, chemicals, fish and seafood packaging, food processing, sugar milling, power generation and shipbuilding. The Khulna Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) regulates commerce through its Licensed Measurers' Department (LMD) and certification, attestation, and publicity departments. The region has an Export Processing Zone, attracting foreign investment. The city is home to branch offices of several national companies, including M. M. Ispahani Limited, BEXIMCO, James Finlay Bangladesh, Summit Power and the Abul Khair Group. Khulna's largest companies include Khulna Shipyard, Bangladesh Cable Shilpa Limited, Bangladesh Oxygen, Platinum Jubilee Mills, Star Jute Mills, and the Khulna Oxygen Company.
Transport
[edit] |
Road
[edit]
Rickshaws are the most popular means of public transport in Khulna for short trips, and auto rickshaws are also common. Nagar Paribahan buses have frequent service between Rupsha and Phultala, with stops throughout Khulna. Motorcycles are popular among the middle class, but wealthier people prefer a private car.
The N7 highway connects Khulna with the rest of Bangladesh, and the Khulna City Bypass is a major road. The R760 connects Satkhira and western Khulna Districts. There are several nationwide bus services available in Khulna (most privately owned), and the Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation operates inter-district buses from the city. Sonadanga Bus Terminal is Khulna's main bus terminal. Major bus routes include Khulna-Jessore-Dhaka; Khulna-Goplaganj-Dhaka; Khulna-Jessore-Kushtia; Khulna-Satkhira; Khulna-Bagerhat; Khulna-Mongla; Khulna-Narail; Khulna-Barisal; Khulna-Rajshahi; Khulna-Faridpur; Khulna-Kuakata, and Khulna-Dhaka-Chittagong.
Rail
[edit]
Khulna Railway Station is the city's main station. Bangladesh Railway operates six intercity trains: the Sundarban and Chitra Expresses (to Dhaka), the Kapotaksha and Sagardari Expresses (to Rajshahi), and the Rupsa and Seemanta Expresses to Chilahati. Two commuter express trains serve Benapole, in addition to mail trains to Parbatipur, Chapainawabganj and Goalanda. The international Bandhan Express runs to Kolkata. The city has four other railway stations, and two more (in addition to the Rupsha Rail Bridge) are under construction as part of the Khulna–Mongla Port Railway project.
Air
[edit]
Jessore Airport, 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Khulna, has flights to Dhaka on Biman Bangladesh Airlines, US-Bangla Airlines and Novoair, with air-conditioned bus service from the airport to the city. Khan Jahan Ali Airport, in Bagerhat Sadar Upazila, was planned but it is no longer a priority project for the government.[17]
Water
[edit]Several passenger launches and cargo services operate from the Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority launch terminal in the city.
Public transport
[edit]There is public transportation in Khulna city through the mid 19's. Buses of that urban transportation of Khulna city were called 'Murir Tin'. Today besides the urban transportation buses, Cycle rickshaw, auto rickshaws are playing a vital role in transport within Khulna city and the adjoining metro area. Famous ride sharing services like Uber, Pathao, Obhai also available in the city. There are also bus and mini-bus services on some routes, connecting suburban areas of the city. Plenty of rental car agencies operate within the city and metro area, where sedans, SUVs, and micro-buses are available to hire hourly or daily.
Education
[edit]
Educational institutions in the city include Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET). The university, earlier known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology, Khulna, is the only engineering university in Khulna and was listed in the 2019 edition of QS Asian University Rankings.[18] Brajalal College, founded in 1902, is the city's oldest higher-education institution. Khulna University is the only public university in Bangladesh where student politics is prohibited.[19] There is also an agriculture university, named Khulna Agricultural University (KAU) was founded in 2019.[20] Sheikh Hasina Medical University and Khulna Medical College (KMC) are public medical institutions, while North Western University, Bangladesh (NWU) and the Northern University of Business and Technology (NUBT) are private.
Sports
[edit]Cricket and football are the two most popular sports in Khulna, and the Khulna Division cricket team's home ground is in the city. Khulna's cricket Bangladesh Premier League Khulna Titans was formerly the Khulna Royal Bengals. The Khulna Abahani Club played in the Bangladesh Football Premier League for several seasons before its relegation in the 2008–09 season.
Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium, the city's international sports venue (hosting test cricket, One Day International and Twenty20 International matches), became Bangladesh's seventh test-cricket venue on 21 November 2012; it also hosts several Bangladesh Premier League matches.[21] Khulna District Stadium hosts other domestic sports and cultural events.
Media
[edit]Print media include the Daily Purbanchal, Daily Janmabhumi, Daily Shomoyer Khobor and Dakhinanchal Protidin. The Daily Tribune is the only English-language newspaper. Electronic media include the Khulna Gazette,[22] Protidin Shebok,[23] Shomoyer Khobor.[24] Radio stations are Bangladesh Betar Khulna, Radio Today (89.6 MHz), Radio Foorti (88.0), and Radio Khulna FM (88.8).
Television
[edit]State-owned Bangladesh Television has a relay station in the Khalishpur Thana of Khulna, established in 1977. There were several attempts at converting it to a full-fledged television station, but this has not been successful as of today.[25] Privately-owned Ekushey Television, which formerly broadcast on terrestrial, had a station in Khulna which broadcast on VHF channel 8 as of August 2002.[26]
Tourism
[edit]The Sundarbans, in Khulna District, is home to the Bengal tiger and the world's largest virgin mangrove forest. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[27] The Mosque City of Bagerhat, in Bagerhat District about 15 miles (24 km) south-east of Khulna, is also a World Heritage Site.[28]
Rabindra Complex is in the village of Dakkhindihi, 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Khulna. Tagore visited the home of Rabindranath Tagore's father-in-law, Beni Madhab Roy Chowdhury, several times. The museum has been renovated and is administered by Bangladesh's Department of Archaeology.[29] The Khulna Divisional Museum, founded in 1998, was established by the country's Department of Archaeology.
2008 Corporation election
[edit]The 2008 Khulna City Corporation election was an election in Khulna held on 8 May 2008 to elect the Mayor of Khulna. Talukder Abdul Khaleque was elected as next mayor of the Khulna City Corporation in May 2008.[30][31]
Notable residents
[edit]- Khan Jahan Ali – Sufi saint
- Khan A Sabur – Politician
- Prafulla Chandra Ray – Chemist
- Sheikh Razzak Ali – Lawyer, politician, deputy speaker, and speaker of the Jatiyo Sangsad
- Tanvir Mokammel – Filmmaker and writer
- Firoz Mahmud- Visual artist and painter
- Nilima Ibrahim- Educationist, littérateur and social worker
- Prafulla Chandra Sen – Former West Bengal chief minister
- Sheikh Abu Naser – Politician
- Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah - Poet
- Qazi Imdadul Haq – Writer
- Humayun Kabir Balu – Renowned journalist, Freedom fighter and Ekushey Padak winner in journalism
- SM Shafiuddin Ahmed – 17th Chief of Army Staff (CAS) of Bangladesh Army
- Sheikh Salahuddin – Former cricketer
- Bishnu Chattopadhyay – Freedom fighter and peasant leader
- Abdur Razzak – Cricketer
- Manjural Islam Rana – Cricketer
- Popy (Sadia Parvin Popy) – Actress, model
- Moushumi (Arifa Pervin Moushumi) – Actress, model
- Salma Khatun – Cricketer
- Rumana Ahmed – Cricketer
- Mehedi Hasan – Cricketer
- Bibhuti Roy – Engineer
- Puja Cherry Roy – Actress
- Afif Hossain – Cricketer
- Nurul Hasan Sohan – Cricketer
- Ayasha Rahman – Cricketer
- Tahin Tahera – Cricketer
- Shakil Ahmed – Sports shooter
- Md. Rafiqul Islam - Editor/ Secretary General: Parliament Watch
- Ziaur Rahman – Cricketer
- Amit Majumder, Cricketer
- Sheikh Mohammad Aslam, Footballer
- Abdus Salam Murshedy, Footballer, Politician
- Mamun Joarder, Footballer
- Kazi Jasimuddin Ahmed Joshi – Footballer
-
Prafulla Chandra Ray -
Sheikh Razzak Ali meeting with Queen Elizabeth II -
General SM Shafiuddin Ahmed -
Firoz Mahmud -
Tanvir Mokammel
References
[edit]- ^ "Area, Population and Literacy Rate by Paurashava −2001" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
- ^ "Basic Statistics". Khulna City Corporation.
- ^ Tapan Palit (2012). "Khulna City Corporation". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Bangladesh–10 Largest Cities". Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ "Khulna City Corporation". Banglapedia. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ Marshall Cavendish Corporation (2007). World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia. Marshall Cavendish. p. 491. ISBN 9780761476313.
- ^ Girard, Luigi Fusco (2003). The Human Sustainable City: Challenges and Perspectives from the Habitat Agenda. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 298. ISBN 9780754609452.
- ^ "জেলার ঐতিহ্য" . Район Хулна Портал. Архивировано из оригинала 13 декабря 2013 года . Получено 21 декабря 2013 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Хантер, Уильям Уилсон (1908). Императорский газетер Индии . Оксфорд, Великобритания: издательство Оксфордского университета. п. 287
- ^ SALIK, SIDDIQ, Свидетель сдачи, стр.
- ^ «Война освобождения,» . Банглапедия . Азиатское общество Бангладеш . Получено 13 июля 2020 года .
- ^ Бюро статистики Бангладеш; Площадь, уровень населения и грамотности от Паурашавы-2001 ( PDF-файл ) Получено 29 сентября 2008 года.
- ^ Мюррей, Нью -Джерси; Клеменс, RS; Финн С.Р.; Sosingham, HP; Фуллер, Р.А. (2014). «Отслеживание быстрой потери приливных водно -болотных угодий в желтом море» (PDF) . Границы в экологии и окружающей среде . 12 (5): 267–272. doi : 10.1890/130260 .
- ^ «Всемирная метеорологическая организация Климатические нормы за 1991-2020 гг.-Хулна» . Национальное управление океанического и атмосферного . Получено 14 июня 2024 года .
- ^ «Нормальная ежемесячная влажность» . Бангладеш метеорологический департамент . Получено 31 января 2016 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в «Серия сообщества - район Хулна» (PDF) . bbs.gov.bd. Бюро статистики Бангладеш .
- ^ «Аэропорт Хан Джахан Али больше не является приоритетным проектом» . Дакка Трибьюн . 29 июня 2021 года.
- ^ «Инженерный университет Хулна» .
- ^ «Университет Хулны» . Архивировано с оригинала 3 марта 2019 года.
- ^ «Академическая деятельность Хулна Сельскохозяйственное университет начинается» . United News of Bangladesh . 30 января 2019 года . Получено 20 августа 2022 года .
- ^ «BPL 2013, чтобы начать 17 января» . ESPN CRICINFO . 11 октября 2012 года . Получено 31 октября 2012 года .
- ^ "Хулна Газета" (в бенгальском) . Получено 20 августа 2022 года .
- ^ "Protidin Sheok Newsportal" (в Бенггали ) Получено 20 августа
- ^ «Шомойер Хобор» (в бенгальском языке) . Получено 20 августа 2022 года .
- ^ «Центр Хулны BTV не был реализован в эпоху приверженности премьер -министра » . Bangladeshws24.com (в бенгальском языке). 7 ноября 2023 года . Получено 29 августа 2024 года .
- ^ "Покрытие" . Экуши телевидение . 16 августа 2002 года. Архивировано из оригинала 16 августа 2002 года . Получено 6 января 2023 года .
- ^ «Сундарбаны» . Список всемирного наследия . ЮНЕСКО . Получено 13 сентября 2019 года .
- ^ «Историческая мечеть Город Багерхат» . Список всемирного наследия . ЮНЕСКО . Получено 13 сентября 2019 года .
- ^ «Музей Рабиндры привлекает огромную толпу» . Независимый (Бангладеш) . Получено 13 сентября 2019 года .
- ^ «Авами лиги охватывают победу на местных выборах» . 8 мая 2008 г. Получено 2 мая 2023 года .
- ^ «Аль -кандидаты управляют городскими опросами» . Ежедневная звезда . 5 августа 2008 г. Получено 21 апреля 2021 года .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]
- Официальный веб -сайт Khulna City Corporation
- Правительство. Веб -сайт Хулны
- Район Хулна на Банглапедии
- Гид Хулна в Discovery Bangladesh
- [1]
- [2]
