Франция

Франция
	Клубень на корне ольхи.
Научная классификация
Домен:	Бактерии
Тип:	Актиномицетота
Сорт:	Актиномицетия
Заказ:	Франкиалес
Семья:	Франкиевые ; Becking 1970 (Approved Lists 1980)
Genus:	Frankia; Brunchorst 1886
Type species
	Frankia alni; (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895 non Steud. 1840
Species
	See text
Synonyms
	Frankiella Maire and Tison 1909 non von Speschnew 1900 non Racheboeuf 1983; Parafrankia Gtari 2023; Protofrankia Gtari 2023; Pseudofrankia Gtari 2023;

Франкия — род азотфиксирующих бактерий , живущих в симбиозе с актиноризными растениями , сходный с бактериями Rhizobium , обнаруженными в корневых клубеньках бобовых растений семейства Fabaceae . Франкия также инициирует образование корневых клубеньков .

Этот род был первоначально назван Йоргеном Брунхорстом в 1886 году в честь немецкого биолога Альберта Бернхарда Франка . ^{[ 4 ]} Бранчорст считал идентифицированный им организм нитчатым грибом. Беккинг [ де ; nl ] в 1970 году переопределил этот род как содержащий прокариотические актиномицеты и создал семейство Frankiaceae внутри Actinomycetales . первоначальное название Франкия . Он сохранил за родом ^{[ 5 ]}

Обзор

Most Frankia strains are specific to different plant species. The bacteria are filamentous and convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia via the enzyme nitrogenase, a process known as nitrogen fixation. They do this while living in root nodules on actinorhizal plants. The bacteria can supply most or all of the nitrogen requirements of the host plant. As a result, actinorhizal plants colonise and often thrive in soils that are low in plant nutrients.^[6]

Several Frankia genomes are now available which may help clarify how the symbiosis between prokaryote and plant evolved, how the environmental and geographical adaptations occurred, the metabolic diversity, and the horizontal gene flow among the symbiotic prokaryotes.^[6]

Frankia can resist low concentration of heavy metals such as, Cu, Co, and Zn.^[7] Frankia may be an advantage for degraded soil. Degraded soil is known as soil that is heavy metal rich or nutrient depleted due to a drought. Frankia is a nitrogen-fixed organism, explaining why it is able to resist heavy metals.^[8]^{[clarification needed]}

Frankia is a gram-positive Bacteria that is found on the roots of plants. The fact that Frankia is gram-positive means that the bacteria is made up of thick cell walls made out of protein called peptidologlycan. This helps with the resistance of the heavy metals that may be in the degraded soil.^[9]

Frankia tolerates a narrow range of temperatures and soil pH levels. It grows best at around 30 degrees Celsius with an environment pH between 6.5 and 7.^[10] These facts shows that Frankia is very sensitive to its environment. Though Frankia would not be suitable for all agriculture it does demonstrate possibilities in select areas, or in temperature controlled environments.^{[citation needed]}

Symbiont plants

All species in the genus Alnus in the family Betulaceae
Some species in all four genera in the family Casuarinaceae
Certain species in the genus Coriaria in the family Coriariaceae
Datisca cannabina and Datisca glomerata in the family Datiscaceae
All species in the three genera in the family Elaeagnaceae, Elaeagnus, Shepherdia, and Hippophae
All species in the genera Myrica, Morella, and Comptonia in the family Myricaceae.
All species in six genera in the family Rhamnaceae, Ceanothus, Colletia, Discaria, Trevoa, and possibly Adolphia
Some species in the family Rosaceae including all the species in the genera Cercocarpus, Cowania, Purshia, Chamaebatia, and some species of Dryas^[11]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[3] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)^[12]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023^[13]^[14]^[15]

120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214^[16]^[17]^[18]

Frankia

(Protofrankia)	F. coriariae Nouioui et al. 2017

(Frankia)

F. casuarinae Nouioui et al. 2016

	F. canadensis Normand et al. 2018^[19]

	F. umida Normand et al. 2023

F. torreyi Nouioui et al. 2019

F. alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895

	"F. gtarii" Nouioui et al. 2023

	"F. tisai" Nouioui et al. 2023

(Pseudofrankia)

F. inefficax Nouioui et al. 2017

	F. asymbiotica Nouioui et al. 2017

	F. saprophytica Nouioui et al. 2018

(Parafrankia)

F. discariae Nouioui et al. 2017

F. soli Gtari et al. 2020

F. irregularis Nouioui et al. 2018

	F. colletiae Nouioui et al. 2023

	F. elaeagni (Schroeter 1886) Becking 1970 ex Nouioui et al. 2016

Frankia

(Protofrankia)

"Ca. F. meridionalis" Nguyen et al. 2019

	"Ca. F. californiensis" Normand et al. 2017^[20]

	F. coriariae [incl. "Ca. F. datiscae" Persson et al. 2011]

(Pseudofrankia)

F. inefficax

	F. asymbiotica

	F. saprophytica

(Parafrankia)

	F. discariae

	F. soli

	F. elaeagni

	F. irregularis

(Frankia)

F. casuarinae

	F. canadensis

	"Ca. F. nodulisporulans" Herrera-Belaroussi et al. 2020

"Ca. F. alpina" Pozzi et al. 2020 [incl. "F. subtilis" Brunchorst 1886]

	F. alni

	F. torreyi

Species incertae sedis:

F. nepalensis Nouioui et al. 2023

References

^ Brunchorst J. (1886). "Über einige Wurzelanschwellungen, besonders diejenigen von Alnus und den Elaegnaceen" [On root swellings, particularly those of Alnus and the Elaeagnaceae]. Untersuchungen aus dem botanischen Institut in Tübingen [Investigations of the Botanical Institute in Tübingen ]. 2 (151–177).
^ Becking JH. (1970). "Frankiaceae fam. nov. (Actinomycetales) with one new combination and six new species of the genus Frankia Brunchorst 1886, 174". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 20: 201–220. doi:10.1099/00207713-20-2-201.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b A.C. Parte; et al. "Frankia". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-09-09.
^ Pawlowski, Katharina (2009-06-17). Prokaryotic Symbionts in Plants. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 107. ISBN 9783540754602.
^ "Frankia taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants
^ Abdel‐lateif, Khalid Salah El dein; Mansour, Samira R.; El‐Badawy, Mohamed F.; Shohayeb, Mohamed M. (2018). "Isolation and molecular characterization of Frankia strains resistant to some heavy metals". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 58 (9): 720–729. doi:10.1002/jobm.201800122. ISSN 1521-4028. PMID 29962068. S2CID 49639716.
^ El dein Abdel-lateif, Khalid Salah; Mansour, Samira R.; El-Badawy, Mohamed F.; Shohayeb, Mohamed M. (September 2018). "Isolation and molecular characterization of Frankia strains resistant to some heavy metals". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 58 (9): 720–729. doi:10.1002/jobm.201800122. PMID 29962068. S2CID 49639716.
^ Nouioui, Imen; Ghodhbane-Gtari, Faten; del Carmen Montero-Calasanz, Maria; Rohde, Manfred; Tisa, Louis S.; Gtari, Maher; Klenk, Hans-Peter (2017-03-01). "Frankia inefficax sp. nov., an actinobacterial endophyte inducing ineffective, non nitrogen-fixing, root nodules on its actinorhizal host plants". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 110 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1007/s10482-016-0801-7. ISSN 1572-9699. PMID 27830471. S2CID 39458226.
^ Srivastava, Amrita; Singh, Anumeha; Singh, Satya S.; Mishra, Arun K. (2017-04-16). "Salt stress–induced changes in antioxidative defense system and proteome profiles of salt-tolerant and sensitive Frankia strains". Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. 52 (5): 420–428. doi:10.1080/10934529.2016.1270672. ISSN 1093-4529. PMID 28085556. S2CID 38519293.
^ Schwintzer, C. R.; Tjepkema, J. (1990). The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0126332100.
^ Sayers; et al. "Frankia". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ Норманд, П; Нууи, я; Пуич, П; Фурнье, П; Дубост, А; Швоб, Г; Кленк, HP; Нгуен, А; Абрук, Д; Эррера-Беларусси, А; Потье, Дж. Ф.; Пфлюгер, В; Фернандес, член парламента (2018). « Frankia canadensis sp. nov., выделенная из корневых клубеньков Alnus incana подвида Rugosa » . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol . 68 (9): 3001–3011. дои : 10.1099/ijsem.0.002939 . ПМИД 30059001 .
^ Норманд П; Нгуен, ТВ; Баттенберг, К; Берри, AM; Хеувел, Б.В.; Фернандес, член парламента; Павловский, К. (2017). «Предложение « Candidatus Frankia Californiensis», некультивируемого симбионта в азотфиксирующих корневых клубеньках филогенетически широкой группы хозяев, эндемичных для западной части Северной Америки» . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol . 67 (10): 3706–3715. дои : 10.1099/ijsem.0.002147 . ПМИД 28884663 . S2CID 41316476 .

[Brunchorst-1] Brunchorst J. (1886). "Über einige Wurzelanschwellungen, besonders diejenigen von Alnus und den Elaegnaceen" [On root swellings, particularly those of Alnus and the Elaeagnaceae]. Untersuchungen aus dem botanischen Institut in Tübingen [Investigations of the Botanical Institute in Tübingen ]. 2 (151–177).

[2] Becking JH. (1970). "Frankiaceae fam. nov. (Actinomycetales) with one new combination and six new species of the genus Frankia Brunchorst 1886, 174". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 20: 201–220. doi:10.1099/00207713-20-2-201.

[LPSN-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b A.C. Parte; et al. "Frankia". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-09-09.

[4] Pawlowski, Katharina (2009-06-17). Prokaryotic Symbionts in Plants. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 107. ISBN 9783540754602.

[5] "Frankia taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2011-01-14.

[FAP-6] Jump up to: ^a ^b Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants

[7] Abdel‐lateif, Khalid Salah El dein; Mansour, Samira R.; El‐Badawy, Mohamed F.; Shohayeb, Mohamed M. (2018). "Isolation and molecular characterization of Frankia strains resistant to some heavy metals". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 58 (9): 720–729. doi:10.1002/jobm.201800122. ISSN 1521-4028. PMID 29962068. S2CID 49639716.

[8] El dein Abdel-lateif, Khalid Salah; Mansour, Samira R.; El-Badawy, Mohamed F.; Shohayeb, Mohamed M. (September 2018). "Isolation and molecular characterization of Frankia strains resistant to some heavy metals". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 58 (9): 720–729. doi:10.1002/jobm.201800122. PMID 29962068. S2CID 49639716.

[9] Nouioui, Imen; Ghodhbane-Gtari, Faten; del Carmen Montero-Calasanz, Maria; Rohde, Manfred; Tisa, Louis S.; Gtari, Maher; Klenk, Hans-Peter (2017-03-01). "Frankia inefficax sp. nov., an actinobacterial endophyte inducing ineffective, non nitrogen-fixing, root nodules on its actinorhizal host plants". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 110 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1007/s10482-016-0801-7. ISSN 1572-9699. PMID 27830471. S2CID 39458226.

[10] Srivastava, Amrita; Singh, Anumeha; Singh, Satya S.; Mishra, Arun K. (2017-04-16). "Salt stress–induced changes in antioxidative defense system and proteome profiles of salt-tolerant and sensitive Frankia strains". Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. 52 (5): 420–428. doi:10.1080/10934529.2016.1270672. ISSN 1093-4529. PMID 28085556. S2CID 38519293.

[11] Schwintzer, C. R.; Tjepkema, J. (1990). The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0126332100.

[NCBI-12] Sayers; et al. "Frankia". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-09-09.

[LTP-13] "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.

[14] "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.

[15] "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.

[about-16] "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

[tree-17] "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

[taxon_history-18] "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

[19] Норманд, П; Нууи, я; Пуич, П; Фурнье, П; Дубост, А; Швоб, Г; Кленк, HP; Нгуен, А; Абрук, Д; Эррера-Беларусси, А; Потье, Дж. Ф.; Пфлюгер, В; Фернандес, член парламента (2018). « Frankia canadensis sp. nov., выделенная из корневых клубеньков Alnus incana подвида Rugosa » . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol . 68 (9): 3001–3011. дои : 10.1099/ijsem.0.002939 . ПМИД 30059001 .

[20] Норманд П; Нгуен, ТВ; Баттенберг, К; Берри, AM; Хеувел, Б.В.; Фернандес, член парламента; Павловский, К. (2017). «Предложение « Candidatus Frankia Californiensis», некультивируемого симбионта в азотфиксирующих корневых клубеньках филогенетически широкой группы хозяев, эндемичных для западной части Северной Америки» . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol . 67 (10): 3706–3715. дои : 10.1099/ijsem.0.002147 . ПМИД 28884663 . S2CID 41316476 .

[2]

[1]

[3]

[ 4 ]

[ 5 ]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

Обзор

Symbiont plants

Phylogeny

See also

References