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Мулен Руж

Координаты : 48 ° 53'03 "N 2 ° 19'57" E / 48,88417 ° N 2,33250 ° E / 48,88417; 2.33250
(Перенаправлено из Мулен-Руж )
Эта статья о кабаре. Для фильма 2001 года см. Мулен Руж! Для бродвейского мюзикла, см. Мулен Руж! (мюзикл) . Для других видов использования см. Moulin Rouge (устранение неоднозначности) .

Мулен Руж
Мулен Руж в 2011 году
Карта
Викимедия | © OpenStreetMap
Address82 Boulevard de Clichy
Paris
France
Coordinates48°53′03″N 2°19′57″E / 48.88417°N 2.33250°E / 48.88417; 2.33250
TypeCabaret
Capacity850
Construction
Opened6 October 1889;
134 years ago (1889-10-06)
ArchitectAdolphe Willette and Édouard-Jean Niermans
Website
Moulinrouge.fr

Мулен Руж [ 1 ] ( / ˌ m Uː l æ r uː ʒ // Французский: [mulɛ̃ ʁuʒ] ; зажженная   « Красная мельница» ) - это кабаре в Париже , на бульваре де Клиши, в Place Blanche, пересечение и конечности Rue Blanche.

В 1889 году Мулен Руж был соучредителем Чарльза Зидлера и Джозефа Оллера , которые также владели Парижской Олимпией . Первоначальное место было уничтожено огнем в 1915 году. Мулен Руж находится к юго -западу от Монмартра , в Парижском районе Пигалле на бульваре де Кличи в 18 -м округе , и на его крыше на его крыше была знаковая красная ветряная мельница . Самая близкая станция Метро - Бланш .

Мулен Руж наиболее известен как место рождения современной формы танца Can-Can . Первоначально представленный как соблазнительный танец куртизанками, которые работали с сайта, Dance-Can Dance Revue превратился в собственную форму развлечения и привел к внедрению кабаре по всей Европе. Сегодня Moulin Rouge - это туристическая достопримечательность , предлагающая преимущественно музыкальные танцевальные развлечения для посетителей со всего мира. Декор клуба по -прежнему содержит большую часть романа Fin de Siècle France.

History

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Creation and early success

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On 6 October 1889, the Moulin Rouge opened as the Jardin de Paris,[2][3][4] an outdoor garden café-concert,[5] at the foot of the Montmartre hill. Its creator Joseph Oller and his Manager Charles Zidler were formidable businessmen who understood the public's tastes. The aim was to attract wealthy individuals to experience the ambiance of the fashionable district of Montmartre, which was perceived as a form of slumming. The elaborate setting, featuring a garden adorned with a large elephant, provided an environment where individuals from various social strata could interact. This included workers, local residents, artists, the middle class, businessmen, stylish women, and tourists passing through Paris. Nicknamed "The First Palace of Women" by Oller and Zidler, the cabaret swiftly garnered significant acclaim. Key factors contributing to its success included:[1]

  • Revolutionary auditorium architecture enabling rapid changes of décor and fostering social interaction among all patrons.
  • Champagne evenings characterized by lively entertainment and dancing, featuring regularly changing amusing acts like Le Pétomane.
  • A new dance, inspired by the quadrille and gaining popularity, known as the Can-can. Dancers performed this energetic dance to a lively rhythm while wearing provocative costumes.
  • Prominent dancers from the era included figures such as la Goulue, Jane Avril, la Môme Fromage, Grille d'Egout, Nini Pattes en l'Air, Yvette Guilbert, Valentin le désossé, and the clown Cha-U-Kao.
  • A favored venue among artists, including Toulouse-Lautrec, whose posters and paintings contributed to the rapid and international renown of the Moulin Rouge.

Greatest moments

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During its early years, the Moulin Rouge featured extravagant shows inspired by the circus, along with attractions that gained widespread fame, such as Pétomane. Concert-dances were organized daily at 10 pm. Between 1886 and 1910, the comic duo Footit and Chocolat, comprising a white authoritarian clown and a black long-suffering Auguste, gained popularity and were frequently featured on Moulin Rouge posters.

On 19 April 1890, the first revue, "Circassiens et Circassiennes," debuted. On 26 October 1890, during a private visit to Paris, the Prince of Wales, later Edward VII, reserved a table to witness a quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, where La Goulue famously greeted him with the exclamation, "Hey, Wales, the champagne's on you!" In 1891, Toulouse-Lautrec created his first poster for the Moulin Rouge, featuring La Goulue.

In 1893, the "Bal des Quat'z'Arts" sparked scandal with its procession featuring a nude Cleopatra surrounded by young naked women. On 12 November 1897, the Moulin Rouge closed for the first time to mourn the passing of its manager and co-founder, Charles Zidler. Yvette Guilbert paid homage to him, saying, "You have the knack of creating popular pleasure, in the finest sense of the word, of entertaining crowds with subtlety, according to the status of those to be entertained."

In 1900, the Universal Exhibition attracted visitors from around the world to the Moulin Rouge, solidifying Paris's reputation as a city of decadent pleasure. This led to the establishment of imitation "Moulin Rouges" and "Montmartres" in many other countries.

Operetta and grand shows

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Share certificate of 500 francs, sold to raise funds to build a theatre building at the outdoor venue, issued 15 February 1904

In January 1903, the Moulin Rouge underwent renovation and improvement under the direction of Édouard Niermans, a prominent architect of the Belle Époque era, amongst other works he designed the brasserie Mollard, the Casino de Paris, the Folies Bergère in Paris, the Palace Hôtel in Ostend in Belgium, the rebuilding of the Hôtel du Palais in Biarritz, and the creation of the Hotel Negresco on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice. This included the addition of aperitif concerts, attracting the fashionable elite for dining and entertainment in a luxurious setting.

Until the outbreak of the First World War, the Moulin Rouge became renowned for its operetta performances. Successful shows during this period included Voluptata, La Feuille de Vigne, Le Rêve d'Egypte, Tais-toi tu m'affoles, among others, each with evocative titles.

On 3 January 1907, during the performance of Le Rêve d'Egypte, Colette exchanged scandalous kisses that revealed her connection to the Duchess of Morny, leading to the show being banned.

Mistinguett made her debut at the Moulin Rouge on 29 July 1907 in the Revue de la Femme, showcasing her undeniable talent. She quickly rose to fame, achieving immense success the following year with Max Dearly in La Valse chaloupée. Born into poverty, Mistinguett's sharp wit and determination propelled her to become a successful businesswoman, touring extensively across Europe and the United States.

On 9 April 1910, a former lady-in-waiting to Empress Eugénie attended a showing of the Revue Amoureuse at the Moulin Rouge and was so captivated by the faithful recreation of a ceremony for the return of troops from Italy that she exclaimed, "Long Live the Empress!"

Tragically, on 27 February 1915, the Moulin Rouge was destroyed by fire during building works, resulting in a nine-year closure.[7] In 1925, the rebuilt Moulin Rouge reopened its doors to the public.


Mistinguett years

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Mistinguett, at the Moulin Rouge (1907-1929)

Following World War I, Francis Salabert assumed management of the Moulin Rouge. As a businessman rather than a showman, he entrusted Jacques-Charles, a prominent impresario, with revitalizing the cabaret. The Moulin Rouge experienced a resurgence with the performances of stars such as Mistinguett, Jeanne Aubert, and Maurice Chevalier, as well as the introduction of American revues featuring the Hoffmann Girls.

In 1923, composer and conductor Raphaël Beretta proposed a reconstruction of the Moulin Rouge's music hall on a larger scale. The iconic mill structure, supported by a central facade adorned with oval dormers, was designed by Gesmar, a 20-year-old set designer whose work became synonymous with the venue.

Jacques-Charles and Mistinguett collaborated on several acclaimed revues, including:

1925: Revue Mistinguett

1926: Ça c'est Paris

1928: Paris qui tourne

During a 1927 performance, an incident occurred when female dancers emerged from multi-tiered artificial cakes covered in real frosting. The slippery cake cream on their high heels caused them to repeatedly slip and fall on stage, resulting in disruptions to the show.[9]

Mistinguett's tenure at the Moulin Rouge produced enduring songs such as "Valencia," "Ça c'est Paris" (both by Jose Padilla), "Il m'a vue nue," "On m' suit," and "La Java de Doudoune," the latter performed with Jean Gabin.

After Mistinguett

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In 1929, Mistinguett retired from the stage, leading to the transformation of the Moulin Rouge's ballroom into an ultra-modern Night Club.

From June to August 1929, the revue Lew Leslie's Blackbirds, featuring jazz singer and Broadway star Adelaide Hall,[10] along with a troop of a hundred black artists accompanied by the Jazz Plantation Orchestra, became the hit of the season at the Moulin Rouge.[11]

In 1937, the Cotton Club, renowned in New York, was showcased at the Moulin Rouge, alongside performances by Ray Ventura and his Collegians.

During the Second World War (1939–1945), the Moulin Rouge was highlighted in the German Occupation Guide as a must-visit attraction in Paris.[12] Its stage shows continued for the occupation troops and were mentioned in autobiographies of German officers such as Ernst Jünger and Gerhard Heller.[13] The Germans facilitated "recreational visits" in Paris for their troops, promoting the motto "Jeder einmal in Paris" (everyone once in Paris). The widespread prostitution during the occupation eventually led to the implementation of the Loi Marthe Richard in 1946, which closed bordellos and reduced stage shows to dancing events.

In 1944, shortly after the liberation of Paris, Edith Piaf, who had performed frequently at social gatherings for German forces during the war, returned to the stage at the Moulin Rouge. She was accompanied by Yves Montand, a newcomer chosen to perform with her.


  • VU, выпуск № 77, среда, 4 сентября 1929 года, передняя обложка, с звездой Blackbirds Adelaide Hall в Moulin Rouge под названием «Au Revoir Black Birds!», Прощание после пробега через четыре месяца в течение четырех месяцев в течение четырех месяцев за четыре месяца пробега в течение четырех месяцев в течение четырех месяцев.
    Vu, issue N°77, Wednesday, 4 September 1929, front cover, with Adelaide Hall star of Blackbirds at the Moulin Rouge, titled "Au revoir Black Birds !", saying farewell after a production run of four months
  • Moulin Rouge Cinema ночью, 1936.
    Moulin Rouge Cinema at night, 1936.
  • Два немецких солдата, с двумя женщинами, перед Мулен Руж, во время нацистской оккупации, июнь 1940 года.
    Two German soldiers, with two women, in front of the Moulin Rouge, during the Nazi occupation, June 1940.

Renewal

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The Moulin Rouge, midnight, April 2011
Moulin Rouge entrance

On June 22, 1951, Georges France, also known as Jo France, founder of the Balajo in Paris, acquired the Moulin Rouge and initiated extensive renovation efforts. Architects Pierre Devinoy, Bernard de La Tour d’Auvergne, and Marion Tournon-Branly were tasked with enhancing and outfitting the new auditorium. The envisioned décor by Jo France, largely executed by Henri Mahé, a prominent designer of the era, remains intact to this day.

The return of evening dances, acts, and the iconic French cancan marked a revival at the Moulin Rouge. On May 19, 1953, the 25th "Bal des Petits Lits Blancs," organized by novelist Guy des Cars, attracted notable figures such as French President Vincent Auriol and featured Bing Crosby's European stage debut. Between 1951 and 1960, the stage saw performances by renowned artists including Luis Mariano, Charles Trénet, and Josephine Baker.

In 1955, Jo France transferred ownership to brothers Joseph and Louis Clérico, proprietors of Le Lido,[14] with Jean Bauchet assuming the managerial role. The tradition of the French cancan continued, choreographed by Ruggero Angeletti. Doris Haug established the "Doris's Girls" troop in 1957, initially comprising four girls and later expanding to sixty.

Transformations in 1959 included renovations to the Moulin Rouge's kitchens, while the introduction of The Revue Japonaise in 1960 showcased Japanese artists and popularized Kabuki in Montmartre. In 1962, Jacki Clérico, son of Joseph Clérico, assumed leadership,[14] ushering in an era of expansion with the enlargement of the auditorium, installation of a giant aquarium, and the introduction of the first aquatic ballet. The Revue Cancan, devised by Doris Haug and Ruggero Angeletti, premiered the same year.

Since 1963, following the success of the Frou-Frou revue, Jacki Clérico adopted a tradition of naming revues with titles beginning with the letter F. Throughout these productions, the famed French cancan remained a staple feature.[15]

    • 1963–1965 : Frou-Frou
    • 1965–1967 : Frisson
    • 1967–1970 : Fascination
    • 1970–1973 : Fantastic
    • 1973–1976 : Festival
    • 1976–1978 : Follement
    • 1978–1983 : Frénésie
    • 1983–1988 : Femmes, femmes, femmes
    • 1988–1999 : Formidable
    • Since 1999: Féerie

On September 7, 1979, the Moulin Rouge marked its 90th anniversary, reaffirming its status as a prominent fixture in Parisian nightlife. The celebration featured an array of stars, including Ginger Rogers, Thierry Le Luron, Dalida, and Charles Aznavour, among others. Notable events followed, including a special presentation of the show to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on November 23, 1981. The venue hosted renowned performers such as Liza Minnelli in February 1982, followed by gala performances with Dean Martin in July 1984 and Frank Sinatra in September 1984. A milestone occurred on December 1, 1986, when world-renowned dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov premiered an original ballet by Maurice Béjart at the Moulin Rouge.

In February 1988, despite the original building's destruction in 1915, the Moulin Rouge celebrated its centenary with the premiere of the revue "Formidable," a prestigious event attended by Prince Edward. Subsequent events included performances in London and gala celebrations featuring an array of luminaries, including Charles Aznavour, Ella Fitzgerald, and Jerry Lewis. Over the years, the Moulin Rouge continued to host charitable events, such as the Cartier gala in support of the Artists' Foundation against AIDS in 1994, and the Lancôme gala in 1995. The centenary revue "Formidable" concluded in November 1999, paving the way for the debut of the new revue "Féerie" in December 1999.

In 2008, soloist dancer Aleksandar Josipović served as master of ceremonies at the 53rd Eurovision Song Contest. The venue's global reach extended further in February 2009 when it was showcased as part of the Year of France in Brazil and the Rio Carnival on Copacabana Beach. However, on January 13, 2013, Moulin Rouge owner Jacki Clérico passed away,[14] followed by the death of Doris Haug, founder of the Doris's Girls, on August 10, 2014.[16] Despite these losses, the Moulin Rouge celebrated its 125th anniversary on October 6, 2014. On April 25, 2024, the cabaret's windmill blades collapsed onto the street, resulting in damage to the facade. No injuries were reported.[17][7] The windmill was restored on 5 July that year, in time for the Olympic torch relay that will pass through the area on 15 July.[18]

Documentaries

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  • Quadrille dansé par les étoiles du Moulin-Rouge 1,2&3 (1899–1902), France – produced by Pathé (3 episodes of 20 min)
  • An Evening at the Moulin Rouge (1981), Réalisé par David Niles, produced by HBO (length : 60 min)
  • Les Dessous du Moulin Rouge (2000), Réalisé par Nils Tavernier, produced by Little Bear (length  : 52 min)
  • Coulisses d'une revue, le Moulin Rouge (2001), directed by par Philippe Pouchain and Yves Riou (length  : 60 min)
  • Moulin Rouge Forever (2002), directed by Philippe Pouchain and Yves Riou (length: 55 min)
  • Moulin Rouge : la restauration and Une vie de passion au Moulin Rouge. Two documentaries available with the Moulin Rouge movie of John Huston.
  • Au cœur du Moulin Rouge (At the heart of Moulin Rouge) (2012), Directed by Marie Vabre, produced by 3e Œil Productions (90 min).

Books

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Illustrated books

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  • The Moulin Rouge (1989), by Jacques Pessis and Jacques Crépineau – Publisher: St Martins
  • The Moulin Rouge (2002), by Jacques Pessis and Jacques Crépineau – Publisher: Le Cherche-Midi
  • Moulin Rouge, Paris (2002), by Christophe Mirambeau – Publisher: Assouline
  • Flipbook Moulin Rouge Paris France 23h18, Paris (2003), by Jean-Luc Planche – Publisher: Youpeka

About Moulin Rouge and its characters

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  • Duret, Théodore (1920). Lautrec. Paris: Bernheim-Jeune – via archive.org.
  • Pierre La Mure Moulin Rouge (1950), a novel based on the life of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Random House
  • Jose Shercliff Jane Avril of the Moulin Rouge (1954), Macrae Smith Co
  • Jean Nohain and François Caradec Le Pétomane 1857–1945 a tribute to the unique act which shook and shattered the Moulin-Rouge (1967), Souvenir Press
  • Robert Burleigh Toulouse-Lautrec : The Moulin Rouge And The City Of Light, (2003), Harry N. Abrams

Legacy

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Enterprises

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The Moulin Rouge in Paris was a source of inspiration for:

Film

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Музыка

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Адаптация сцены

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Смотрите также

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Ссылки

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  1. ^ Jump up to: а беременный «История Мулен Руж» . Moulinrouge.fr .
  2. ^ Дубе, Пол; Marchioro, Жак. "Cafés Concerts and Music-Halls H: Clock, L '-Champs-élysées, 8th" . Со времени вишни до мертвых мертвых листьев . Получено 29 мая 2022 года .
  3. ^ Дубе, Пол; Marchioro, Жак. "Cafés Concerts and Music-Halls J: Jardin de Paris-Champs-élysées, 8th" . Со времени вишни до мертвых мертвых листьев . Получено 29 мая 2022 года .
  4. ^ «Вход в Сад Париж» . NYPL Digital Collections . Получено 29 мая 2022 года .
  5. ^ Лоуренс, Катрина (1 июля 2019 г.). «В поисках потерянного Мулен Руж» . Париж для мечтателей .
  6. ^ «Тулуз-Лаврек и Тремолада, помощник Зидлера в Мулен-Руже, 1892» . Коллекция Toulouse-Lautrec (по-французски). Музеи Октании . Получено 28 мая 2022 года .
  7. ^ Jump up to: а беременный Хенли, Джон (25 апреля 2024 г.). «Молен Руж Ветряная мельница обрушится в Париж» . Хранитель . Получено 25 апреля 2024 года .
  8. ^ • "Cache Ton Nu!, Untated (Moulin-Rouge, Paris)-портфель № 34" . BJ Simmons & Co.: Инвентаризация записей дизайна костюма . Гарри Рэнсом Центр . Получено 28 мая 2022 года .
    • «От расцвета до ревущих двадцатых: Париж цвета» . Beaux Arts (по -французски). 4 ноября 2020 года . Получено 28 мая 2022 года .
    • Монье, Рождество (28 мая 2022 г.). «Слишком жаркое лето 1914 года» . 18 -го числа месяца (на французском языке) . Получено 28 мая 2022 года .
    • «Париж - Ле Мулен Руж» . Музей Карнавале . Парижские музеи . Получено 28 мая 2022 года .
    • "Мулен Руж" . Ле Фигаро . Галлика . 20 мая 1914 г. с. 5 ​Получено 28 мая 2022 года .
    • "Мулен Руж" . Le Bonnet Rouge . Галлика . 24 июля 1914 года . Получено 28 мая 2022 года .
  9. ^ «Большие периоды Мулен Руж - Pariscityvision» . www.pariscityvision.com . Получено 24 мая 2024 года .
  10. ^ «Под Гарлемской Луной: Гарлем в Парижские годы Аделаиды Холл | Worldcat.org» . search.worldcat.org . Получено 24 мая 2024 года .
  11. ^ Jaques Habas, Les Secrets du Moulin Rouge , 2010
  12. ^ Эмоции в движении: туризм, аффект и трансформация, доктор Дэвид Пикард, профессор Майк Робинсон, Ashgate Publishing, 28 ноября 2012 г.
  13. ^ Сравните 'для людей и гида: мемуары ветерана 1 -й танковой дивизии SS Leibstandte SS Adolf Hitler, Erwin Bartmann, Helion and Company, 19 октября 2013 г.
  14. ^ Jump up to: а беременный в "Джеки Клерико" . Ежедневный телеграф . 18 января 2013 года. Архивировано с оригинала 12 января 2022 года . Получено 24 января 2013 года .
  15. ^ Жак Пессис и Жак Крепино, The Moulin Rouge, октябрь 2002 г.
  16. ^ «Дорис Хауг, балетная любовница Мулен Руж, мертва» . Le Monde.fr . 13 августа 2014 - через мир.
  17. ^ «Лезвия Парижского достопримечательностей Moulin Rouge Windmill Collapse» . Франция 24 . 25 апреля 2024 года.
  18. ^ «Знаменитый Paris Cabaret Club Moulin Rouge вернет ветряную мельницу после обрушения структуры в апреле» . ABC News. 6 июля 2024 года . Получено 7 июля 2024 года .
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