Современное хит -радио

Современное хитовое радио (также известное как CHR , современные хиты , список хитов , текущие хиты , хит -музыку , топ -40 или поп -радио ) - это радиоформат , который распространен во многих странах, который фокусируется на игре текущей и повторяющейся популярной музыки, как определено Лучшие 40 музыкальных графиков . Есть несколько подкатегорий, в основном сосредоточенные на рок , поп -музыке или городской музыке . Используется отдельно, ChR чаще всего относится к формату Chr-Pop. Термин «Современное хит -радио» было придуман в начале 1980 -х годов журналом Radio & Records для обозначения 40 главных станций, которые продолжали играть в хиты из всех музыкальных жанров, когда поп -музыка раскрылась в современном, современном , современном, современном , современном, современном христианском и других форматах.

Термин «Top 40» также используется для обозначения фактического списка хитовых песен и, соответственно, для обозначения поп -музыки в целом. Термин также был изменен для описания 50 лучших ; Топ -30 ; Топ 20 ; Топ 10 ; Hot 100 (каждый с количеством песен) и Hot попадают в радиоформаты, но несут более или менее одинаковое значение и имея одинаковую творческую точку происхождения с Тоддом Сторцем , что и более уточненным Гордоном Маклендоном , а также Биллом Дрейком . Формат стал особенно популярным в середине шестидесятых, так как радиостанции ограничивали дисковые жокеи пронумерованными списками игры после скандала Payola .

Вариации

Mainstream CHR

Also known as CHR/pop or teen CHR. Plays pop, and dance, and sometimes urban, alternative, rock, and country crossover as well. Often referred as "Top 40"; in terms of incorporating a variety of genres of music, CHR/pop is the successor to the original concept of top 40 radio which originated in the 1950s. Examples of CHR/pop stations in the United States, Canada, and Brazil include WHTZ in New York (NY), KIIS-FM in Los Angeles (CA), KYLD and KMVQ-FM in San Francisco (CA), KHKS in Dallas (TX), KRBE in Houston (TX), CFBT-FM in Vancouver (BC), CKFM-FM and CKIS-FM in Toronto (ON), KXXM in San Antonio (TX), WIOQ in Philadelphia (PA), WPRO-FM in Providence (RI), WXKS-FM in Boston (MA), WIFC in Wausau (WI), WWPW and WWWQ in Atlanta (GA), WKSC-FM in Chicago (IL), WFLZ in Tampa/St. Petersburg (FL), WHYI-FM in Miami (FL), KLUC in Las Vegas (NV), WNCI in Columbus, Ohio (OH), WZPL (IN) in Indianapolis, KDWB in Minneapolis/St. Paul (MN), and Jovem Pan FM (with language) in Brazil. The stations generally gain large popularity with this format.

Adult CHR

These stations typically are hybrids of the contemporary hit radio (CHR/pop) and Hot AC formats. This format contains a strong focus on current charts, contemporary and recurrent hits as well as placing a minority of older, classic hits from the 2000s and early to mid 2010s onto the playlist. Adult CHR stations play pop-friendly rhythmic, dance and hip hop titles alongside standard mainstream pop and pop rock fare, and often shying away from the most rhythmic CHR titles until they are established hits on the format.

Examples in the U.S. include WIXX in Green Bay, WKRQ in Cincinnati and KZZO in Sacramento. United Kingdom (UK) media regulator Ofcom states: "where a format requires a contemporary and chart music service, the main diet must be of modern music, reflecting the charts of today and recent months. Older, classic tracks would not be out of place, but only as spice to the main offering."^[1]

The adult CHR format is sometimes utilized by stations which are heritage Top 40/CHR outlets in their respective markets which have been in the format since the 1970s or 1980s or FM successors to former AM top 40s, with examples in the UK including the Hits Radio Network compiled of heritage radio stations including Clyde 1 in Glasgow and Radio City in Liverpool.

Rhythmic CHR

Also known as CHR/rhythmic, or CHR/urban. These stations focus on hip-hop and dance-pop. There are differences between CHR/rhythmic and the urban contemporary format; urban stations will often play R&B and soul songs that CHR/rhythmic stations will not, and CHR/rhythmic stations, despite playlists heavy with urban product, sometimes have white disc jockeys and will include EDM and rhythmic pop music that urban outlets will not play. WQHT in New York, and KPWR in Los Angeles are among the most successful CHR/rhythmic stations in the U.S. and among the pioneers of the format.

Bilingual CHR

Bilingual Spanish CHRs (such as WPOW in Miami, KHHM in Shingle Springs, California, KKPS and KBFM in Brownsville, Texas, WKAQ and WXYX in San Juan, Puerto Rico, KBHH in Fresno, California, WRUM-HD2 in Orlando, Florida and KLLI (FM) in Los Angeles) combine current and recent mainstream and rhythmic CHR hits with recent Latin pop hits, targeting young Latina listeners. Similarly, bilingual French CHRs (such as CKOI-FM in Montreal) are common in some Canadian markets, and combine anglophone and French pop hits. Filipino-based CHR stations (such as DWFO, DWTM, DWRX, DWRT-FM, DWCZ, and DYIO) are also common in major Philippine market areas, which feature current mainstream and rhythmic CHR hits with recent OPM and P-Pop hits.

Gold-based CHR

Gold-based CHRs combine a more limited base of currents and recurrents from the mainstream, rhythmic and/or adult CHR formats with a broader playlist of gold from the 2000s and 2010s. Stations from this format may also be called rhythmic hot AC if their library is particularly rhythmic-leaning. Examples include WPOW and WFLC in Miami, WKFS in Cincinnati, Ohio, WBBM-FM in Chicago, WMOV in Hampton Roads and WKTU in New York City.

CHR/dance

Playing dance remixes of popular songs with perhaps some current hits from the dance charts. Pure dance-music radio stations (as opposed to CHR/rhythmic and rhythmic AC formats such as MOViN) are not very common but tend to have loyal audiences in the markets where they do exist. Examples include WPTY on Long Island, NY and KNHC in Seattle. This format is very popular on internet radio stations such as KVPN Digital Broadcasting (VPN Digital 1) Los Angeles.

CHR/rock

Stations with this format, a modernized Rock 40 format, are similar in some ways to the Adult CHR and Mainstream CHR/Pop formats, but also incorporate modern rock/alternative/active rock and modern AC titles in an upbeat presentation. Examples include KSXY in Santa Rosa, California, WDJQ in Canton, Ohio, WIXX in Green Bay, Wisconsin, KKCK in Marshall, Minnesota, and WMOM in Ludington, Michigan.

An early version of rock-leaning CHR is Rock 40, which was popular in the late 1980s. This format, developed by Joint Communications who service marked the name in 1987, is a young-male-targeted hybrid of CHR and album-oriented rock (AOR) that combines the formatics of the former with the music mix of the latter. After a short period of successful ratings, the Rock 40 format began to decline because it was too similar to conventional AOR yet lacked appeal among CHR fans who desired less emphasis on rock. According to Lee Abrams, a pioneer of the AOR format, Rock 40 was "too wimpy for the real rockers and too hard for the mainstream people".^[2] Stations that previously broadcast the format include KEGL in Dallas, KQLZ (Pirate Radio) in Los Angeles, KRZR in Fresno, California, KXXR in Kansas City, and WMMS in Cleveland.^[3] Rock 40 stations eventually segued to CHR or an AOR spinoff format such as active rock or modern rock.

Other variations

There are also variations targeting minority ethnic groups, such as CHR/español (Latin pop), and CHR/Tejano (Tex-Mex and Tejano) which are commonly found in Arizona, Texas, California, and Mexico. In Greater China (People's Republic of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong), there is also Mandopop and Cantopop which are the top 40 variants in that language.

Key contributors

Todd Storz

Credit for the format is widely given to Todd Storz, who was the director of radio station KOWH-AM in Omaha, Nebraska in 1951. At that time typical AM radio programming consisted largely of full-service "block programming": pre-scheduled, sponsored programs of a wide variety, including radio dramas and variety shows. Local popular music hits, if they made it on the air at all, had to be worked in between these segments. Storz noted the great response certain songs got from the record-buying public and compared it to the way certain selections on jukeboxes were played over and over. He expanded his domain of radio stations, purchasing WTIX-AM in New Orleans, Louisiana, gradually converted his stations to an all-hits format, and pioneered the practice of surveying record stores to determine which singles were popular each week. Storz found that the more people heard a given song on the radio or from the jukebox, the more likely they were to buy a copy; a conclusion not obvious in the industry at the time. In 1952 he purchased what was then WLAF-AM in Lafayette, Indiana and constructed WAZY-AM/FM which is still the longest running top 40 FM station in existence to this day. In 1954, Storz purchased WHB-AM, a high-powered station in Kansas City, Missouri, which could be heard throughout the Midwest and Great Plains, converted it to an all-hits format, and dubbed the result "top 40". Shortly thereafter WHB debuted the first "top 40 countdown", a reverse-order playing of the station's ranking of hit singles for that week. Within a few years, top 40 stations appeared all over the country to great success, spurred by the burgeoning popularity of rock and roll music, especially that of Elvis Presley. A 1950s employee at WHB, Ruth Meyer, went on to have tremendous success in the early to mid-60's as program director of New York's premiere top 40 station at that time, WMCA.

Storz Broadcasting Company consisted of six AM radio stations, all featuring top 40 in the sixties.

Gordon McLendon

Although Todd Storz is regarded as the father of the top 100 format^{[citation needed]}, Gordon McLendon of Dallas, Texas, is regarded as the person who took an idea and turned it into a mass media marketing success in combination with the development in that same city of PAMS jingles. McLendon's successful Mighty 1190 KLIF in Dallas, along with his two other Texas Triangle stations, 610 KILT (AM) Houston and 550 KTSA San Antonio, which went top 40 during the mid to late 1950s, soon became perhaps the most imitated radio stations in America. With careful attention to programming, McLendon presented his stations as packages to advertisers and listeners alike. It was the combination of top 40 and PAMS jingles which became the key to the success of the radio format itself. Not only were the same records played on different stations across America, but so were the same jingle music beds whose lyrics were resung repetitively for each station to create individual station identity. To this basic mix were added contests, games and disc jockey patter. Various groups (including Bartell Broadcasters) emphasized local variations on their top 40 stations.

Gordon McLendon would operate approximately a dozen and a half AM, FM and TV stations at various times, experimenting with formats other than top 40 (including beautiful music and all-news).

Rick Sklar

In the early 1960s Rick Sklar also developed the Top 40 format for radio station WABC in New York City which was then copied by stations in the eastern and mid-western United States such as WKBW and WLS.

Bill Drake

Bill Drake built upon the foundation established by Storz and McLendon to create a variation called "Boss Radio". This format began in California in early 1961 at KSTN in Stockton, then expanded in 1962–63 to KYNO in Fresno, in 1964 to KGB in San Diego, and finally to KHJ in Los Angeles in May 1965; it was further adapted to stations across the western US. Boss Radio was later broadcast by American disc jockeys as a hybrid format on pirate radio station Swinging Radio England, broadcasting from on board a ship anchored off the coast of southern England in international waters. At that time there were no commercial radio stations in the UK, and BBC radio offered only sporadic top 40 programming. Other noteworthy North American top 40 stations that used the Drake approach included KFRC in San Francisco; CKLW in Windsor, Ontario; WRKO in Boston; WHBQ in Memphis; WOLF in Syracuse, New York; and WOR-FM in New York City. Most listeners identified Boss Radio with less talk, shorter jingles and more music.

Mike Joseph and hot hits

Mike Joseph's "hot hits" stations of the late 1970s and early 1980s attempted to revitalize the format by refocusing listeners' attention on current, active "box-office" music. Thus, hot hits stations played only current hit songs—no oldies unless they were on current chart albums—in a fast, furious and repetitive fashion, with fast-talking personalities and loud, pounding jingles. In 1977, WTIC-FM in Hartford, CT, dropped its long-running classical format for Joseph's format as "96 Tics" and immediately became one of the top radio stations in the market. The first Joseph station to use the term "hot hits" on the air was WFBL ("Fire 14", which played its top 14 hits in very tight rotation) in Syracuse, NY, in 1979. Then WCAU-FM in Philadelphia switched to hot hits as "98 Now" in the fall of 1981 and was instantly successful. Other major-market stations which adopted the hot hits format in the early 1980s included WBBM-FM Chicago, WHYT (now WDVD) Detroit, WMAR-FM (now WWMX) Baltimore, which we might add was not successful against market leader WBSB B104, KITS San Francisco, and WNVZ Norfolk.

Don Pierson

Don Pierson took the formats of Gordon McLendon, boss radio and PAMS jingles to the UK in the form of Wonderful Radio London, (a pirate radio ship) and subsequently revolutionized the popular music format. On 14 August 1967 The Marine Offences Act was introduced in the UK and the pirate stations were shut down.

The British Broadcasting Corporation were chosen by the UK government to come up with a station to replace the pirates, and so in 1967 BBC Radio 1 started broadcasting, employing many of the DJ's from the pirate stations (Tony Blackburn, Kenny Everett and John Peel etc.) and obtaining re-sings of the PAMS jingles.

In fact^{[citation needed]} it was Tony Blackburn who played the first pop record on Radio 1, the Move's "Flowers In The Rain".

Countdowns, shows and personalities

List of number-one hits (United States)
Rick Dees Weekly Top 40
American Top 40
Sean “Hollywood” Hamilton
The Official Big Top 40, Global Radio's nationally syndicated chart show in the United Kingdom, airing on both the Heart and Capital networks. It was previously known as Hit40UK.
Asia Pop 40, a Top 40 chart program in the Asian region
The World Chart Show
Pânico, Hit Parade And The 7 Best in Jovem Pan FM

Formats and radio stations

National public/state-owned radio networks in bold.

America

See Category:Contemporary hit radio stations in the United States, Category:Contemporary hit radio stations in Canada, and Category:Contemporary hit radio stations in Mexico.

Brazil

Jovem Pan - CHR/News/Pop/Top40 radio network
Jovem Pan FM - CHR/Pop/Top40 radio network
Mix FM - CHR/Pop radio network

Trinidad and Tobago

95 The Ultimate One, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Hott 93, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Star 947, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Music Radio 97, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Platinum Hits 103.5, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Heartbeat 104.1, Valsayn, Trinidad and Tobago

United States

California

KIIS-FM 102.7 - Los Angeles

New York

WHTZ-FM 100.3 - New York City

Guyana

Mix 90.1FM, Georgetown, Guyana

United Kingdom

Ukraine

France

Mouv'

Italy

Netherlands

NPO 3FM
NPO FunX

Germany

Bayern 3 - Munich
hr3 - Frankfurt

Switzerland

Sweden

Sveriges Radio P3

Indonesia

Prambors FM
- Prambors Radio Jakarta 102.2 FM (officially open took place on 18 March 1971; 53 years ago (1971-03-18))
- Prambors Radio Bandung 98.4 FM (officially open took place on 1 December 2002; 21 years ago (2002-12-01))
- Prambors Radio Semarang 102.0 FM (officially open took place on 1 July 2003; 21 years ago (2003-07-01))
- Prambors Radio Yogyakarta 95.8 FM (officially open took place on 1 July 2003; 21 years ago (2003-07-01))
- Prambors Radio Solo 99.2 FM (officially open took place on 1 December 2005; 18 years ago (2005-12-01))
- Prambors Radio Surabaya 89.3 FM (officially open took place on 1 December 2002; 21 years ago (2002-12-01))
- Prambors Radio Medan 97.5 FM (officially open took place on 1 December 2005; 18 years ago (2005-12-01))
- Prambors Radio Makassar 105.1 FM (officially open took place on 1 July 2003; 21 years ago (2003-07-01))
Trax FM
- Trax Jakarta
- Trax 90.2 FM Semarang
- Trax 95.1 FM Palembang
Gen FM
- Gen 98.7 FM Jakarta
- Gen 103.1 FM Surabaya
90.4 FM
RRI Pro 2
OZ Radio
PTPN Radio Solo
EBS 105.9 FM Surabaya
DJ 94.8 FM Surabaya

Lebanon

Malaysia

New Zealand

Mainland China

CNR Music Radio - National CHR (Mandopop)/Top40 radio
CRI Hit FM - National CHR (Western Pop)/Top40 radio
POP 101 - Shanghai CHR (Mandopop)/Top40 radio
KFM 981 - Shanghai CHR (Western Pop)/Top40 radio
AsiaFM 96.5 - Chengdu - Sichuan Commercial CHR (Mandopop)/Top40 radio

Hong Kong

RTHK Radio 2 - Hong Kong Public CHR (Cantopop)/Top 40 radio
Ultimate 903 (叱咤903) (90.3 - 92.1 FM) - Hong Kong Commercial CHR (Cantopop)/Top 40 radio

Taiwan

Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area:

Taipei Pop Radio (Mandopop)
Hit FM (Mandopop)

Japan

Tokyo J-Wave (東京J-WAVE) (AV)

Thailand

Вьетнам

Xone radio (онлайн)

Международный

Радио Вирджиния

Ссылки

^ Ofcom | О радио форматов
^ Коджан, Харви (20 июля 1989 г.). "Что случилось с роком 40?" (PDF) . Радио и записи . п. 60 Получено 18 июня 2019 года .
^ Коджан, Харви (17 ноября 1989 г.). "Rock 40 против AOR: история до сих пор" (PDF) . Радио и записи . п. 52 Получено 18 июня 2019 года .

Внешние ссылки

Формат в Великобритании, указанный OFCOM - CHR / POP - современные / текущие / повторяющиеся хиты, может содержать старую музыку. [1]
СМИ СМИ в Великобритании, СССР и США, Гилдера, Эрика. - "Люциан Блага" Университет Сибиу Пресс, Румыния. 2003 ISBN 973-651-596-6
Музыка в воздухе: меняющиеся вкусы Америки в популярной музыке (1920–1980), Эберли, PK New York, 1982.
Изучение популярной музыки Миддлтона, Ричард. - Филадельфия: Open University Press, 1990/2002. ISBN 0-335-15275-9 .
Дурки, Роб. «Американский топ 40: Обратный отсчет века». Schriner Books, Нью -Йорк, 1999.
Баттистини, Пит, «Американский топ -40 с Кейси Касем 1970 -х». Authorhouse.com, 31 января 2005 г. ISBN 1-4184-1070-5 .
Дуглас, Сьюзен, «Слушание в: радио и американское воображение», Нью -Йорк: Times Books, 1999.
Фонг-Торрес, Бен, «Хиты просто продолжают приходить: история 40 топ-40 радио», Сан-Франциско: Backbeat Books, 1998.
Macfarland, David, «Развитие 40 Top 40 радиоформата», New York: Arno Press, 1979.
Фишер, Марк, «Что -то в воздухе: радио, рок и революция, которая сформировала поколение», Нью -Йорк: Рэндом Хаус, 2007.
Гулар, Элвуд Ф. 'Вуди', «Мистик и массовое убеждение: радиопрограммирование рок-н-ролла Билла Дрейка и Джина Шено [2] Архивировало 2008-05-10 в The Wayback Machine », 2006.
Choice Hits - еженедельная музыкальная график, в котором составлены лучшие песни недели.
Reel Top 40 Radio Repository - некоммерческий интернет -музей этой «художественной формы».
Rock Radio Scrapbook - Архив Aircheck в Канаде, празднующий золотые годы североамериканского Top 40 Radio ».
Hot Hits Information сайт
Современное хитовое радио на RadiostationWorld
Tunecaster Online Pop и Rock Music Encyclopedia - музыкальные чарты США и популярные страницы артистов.
Puttin 'On The Hits - электронная книга бывшего директора программы Top 40 Джона Лонга.
Босс Радио навсегда История радио, Лос -Анджелес.

[1] Ofcom | О радио форматов

[RR_1989-07-20-2] Коджан, Харви (20 июля 1989 г.). "Что случилось с роком 40?" (PDF) . Радио и записи . п. 60 Получено 18 июня 2019 года .

[RR_1989-11-17-3] Коджан, Харви (17 ноября 1989 г.). "Rock 40 против AOR: история до сих пор" (PDF) . Радио и записи . п. 52 Получено 18 июня 2019 года .

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