Мобильная операционная система

Список см. в разделе Сравнение мобильных операционных систем .

Мобильная операционная система — это операционная система, используемая для смартфонов , планшетов , умных часов , умных очков или других персональных мобильных вычислительных устройств, не являющихся ноутбуками . Хотя компьютеры, такие как типичные / мобильные ноутбуки , являются «мобильными», используемые на них операционные системы обычно не считаются мобильными, поскольку изначально они были разработаны для настольных компьютеров , которые исторически не имели или не нуждались в определенных мобильных функциях. Эта грань, разделяющая мобильные и другие формы, в последние годы стала размытой из-за того, что новые устройства стали меньше и мобильнее, в отличие от аппаратного обеспечения прошлого. Ключевыми событиями, стирающими эту грань, являются появление планшетных компьютеров , легких ноутбуков и гибридизация этих двух устройств в ПК 2-в-1 .

Мобильные операционные системы сочетают в себе функции операционной системы настольного компьютера с другими функциями, полезными для мобильного или портативного использования, и обычно включают встроенный беспроводной модем и лоток для SIM- карты для телефона и передачи данных. В первом квартале 2018 года было продано более 123 миллионов смартфонов (самый высокий показатель за всю историю), 60,2% из которых работали под управлением Android , а 20,9% — под управлением iOS . Не так много, как в 2012 году (1,56 миллиарда), в 2023 году продажи все еще были высокими, а точнее 1,43 миллиарда. при этом 53,32% составляют Android . Только Android продается больше, чем популярная операционная система Microsoft Windows для настольных компьютеров , а в целом использование смартфонов (даже без планшетов) превышает количество использования настольных компьютеров.

Mobile devices, with mobile communications abilities (e.g., smartphones), contain two mobile operating systems – the main user-facing software platform is supplemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system which operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the mobile device.

Mobile operating systems have majority use since 2017 (measured by web use); with even only the smartphones running them (excluding tablets) having majority use, more used than any other kind of device. Thus traditional desktop OS is now a minority-used kind of OS; see usage share of operating systems. Variations occur in popularity by regions, while desktop-minority also applies on some days in countries such as United States and United Kingdom. Android and iOS currently dominate 80% of the market share of mobile operating systems worldwide. Custom ROMs are alternative to Android.

Timeline

See also: History of tablet computers

Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of mobile phones, PDAs, and smartphones:

Pre-1990

• 1990–2010 – Mobile phones use embedded systems to control operation.

1993–1999

• 1993
  • April – PenPoint OS by GO Corp. become available on the AT&T EO Personal Communicator.
  • August – Apple launches Newton OS running on their Newton series of portable computers.
• 1994
  • March – Magic Cap OS by General Magic is first introduced on the Sony Magic Link PDA.
  • August – The first smartphone, the IBM Simon, has a touchscreen, email, and PDA features.
• 1996
  • March – The Palm Pilot 1000 personal digital assistant is introduced with the Palm OS mobile operating system.
  • August – Nokia releases the Nokia 9000 Communicator running an integrated system based on the PEN/GEOS 3.0 OS from Geoworks.
• 1997 – EPOC32 first appears on the Psion Series 5 PDA. Release 6 of EPOC32 will later be renamed to Symbian OS.
• 1998 – Symbian Ltd. is formed as a joint venture by Psion, Ericsson, Motorola, and Nokia, Psion's EPOC32 OS becomes Symbian's EPOC operating system, and is later renamed to Symbian OS. Symbian's OS was used by those companies and several other major mobile phone brands, but especially Nokia.
• 1999
  • June – Qualcomm's pdQ becomes the first smartphone with Palm OS.
  • October – Nokia S40 Platform is officially introduced along with the Nokia 7110, the first phone with T9 predictive text input and a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) browser for accessing specially formatted Internet data.

2000s

• 2000 – The Ericsson R380 is released with EPOC32 Release 5, marking the first use on a phone of what's to become known as Symbian OS (as of Release 6).
• 2001
  • June – Nokia's Symbian Series 80 platform is first released on the Nokia 9210 Communicator This is the first phone running an OS branded as Symbian, and the first phone using that OS that allows user installation of additional software.
  • September – Qualcomm's Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW) platform on their REX real-time operating system (RTOS) is first released on the Kyocera QCP-3035.
• 2002
  • March
    • BlackBerry releases its first smartphone, running Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME).
    • UIQ is first released, at v2.0, on Symbian OS, and becomes available later in the year on the Sony Ericsson P800, the successor to the Ericsson R380.
  • June
    • Microsoft's first Windows CE (Pocket PC) smartphones are introduced.
    • Nokia's Symbian Series 60 (S60) platform is released with the Nokia 7650, Nokia's first phone with a camera and Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS). S60 would form the basis of the OS on most of Nokia's smartphones until 2011, when they adopted Microsoft's Windows Phone 7. S60 was also used on some phones from Samsung and others, and later by Sony Ericsson after the consolidation of some Symbian UI variants in 2008.
  • October – The Danger Hiptop (T-Mobile Sidekick in U.S.) is first released by Danger, Inc., running DangerOS.
• 2003 – Motorola introduces first Linux-based cellphone Motorola A760 base on Linux MontaVista distribution.
• 2005
  • May – Microsoft announces Windows Mobile 5.0.
  • November – Nokia introduces Maemo OS on the first, small Internet tablet, the N770, with a 4.13" screen.
• 2007
  • January – Apple's iPhone with iOS (named "iPhone OS" for its first three releases) is introduced as a "widescreen iPod", "mobile phone", and "Internet communicator".
  • February – Microsoft announces Windows Mobile 6.0.
  • May – Palm announces the Palm Foleo, a "Mobile Companion" device similar to a subnotebook computer, running a modified Linux kernel and relying on a companion Palm Treo smartphone to send and retrieve mail, as well as provide data connectivity when away from WiFi. Palm canceled Foleo development on September 4, 2007, after facing public criticism.
  • June – World's very first iPhone is released in the United States.
  • November – Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is established, led by Google with 34 members (HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Samsung, LG, etc.)
• 2008
  • February – LiMo Foundation announces the first phones running the LiMo mobile Linux distribution, from Motorola, NEC, Panasonic Mobile, and Samsung, released later in the year. The LiMo Foundation later became the Tizen Association and LiMo was subsumed by Tizen.
  • June – Nokia becomes the sole owner of Symbian Ltd. The Symbian Foundation was then formed to co-ordinate the future development of the Symbian platform among the corporations using it, in a manner similar to the Open Handset Alliance with Android. Nokia remained the major contributor to Symbian's code.
  • July – Apple releases iPhone OS 2 with the iPhone 3G, making available Apple's App Store.
  • October – OHA releases Android (based on Linux kernel) 1.0 with the HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1) as the first Android phone.
  • November – Symbian^1, the Symbian Foundation's touch-specific S60-based platform (equivalent to S60 5th edition) is first released on Nokia's first touchscreen Symbian phone, the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, with a resistive screen and a stylus. Symbian^1 being derived from S60 meant that support for UIQ disappeared and no further devices using UIQ were released.
• 2009
  • January
    • Intel announces Moblin 2, specifically created for netbooks that run the company's Atom processor. In April 2009 Intel turned Moblin over to the Linux Foundation.
    • Palm introduces webOS with the Palm Pre (released in June). The new OS is not backward-compatible with their previous Palm OS.
  • February
    • Palm announces that no further devices with Palm OS are going to be released by the company. (The last was the Palm Centro, released October 14, 2007.)
    • Microsoft announces Windows Mobile 6.5, an "unwanted stopgap" update to Windows Mobile 6.1 intended to bridge the gap between version 6.1 and the then yet-to-be released Windows Mobile 7 (later canceled in favor of Windows Phone 7). The first devices running it appeared in late October 2009.
  • May – DangerOS 5.0 becomes available, based on NetBSD.
  • June – Apple releases iPhone OS 3 with the iPhone 3GS.
  • November – Nokia releases the Nokia N900, its first and only smartphone running the Maemo OS intended for "handheld computers...with voice capability", while stating that they remain focused on Symbian S60 as their smartphone OS. (Nokia had previously released three Mobile Internet devices running Maemo, without cellular network connectivity.)

2010s

2010

• February
  • MeeGo is announced, a mobile Linux distribution merging Maemo from Nokia and Moblin from Intel and Linux Foundation, to be hosted by Linux Foundation. MeeGo is not backward-compatible with any previous operating system.
  • Samsung introduces the Bada OS and shows the first Bada smartphone, the Samsung S8500. It was later released in May 2010.
• April
  • Apple releases the iPad (first generation) with iPhone OS 3.2. This is the first version of the OS to support tablet computers. For its next major version (4.0) iPhone OS will be renamed iOS.
  • HP acquires Palm in order to use webOS in multiple new products, including smartphones, tablets, and printers, later stating their intent to use it as the universal platform for all their devices.
• May – Microsoft Kin phone line with KIN OS (based on Windows CE and a "close cousin" to Windows Phone) become available.
• June – Apple releases iOS 4, renamed from iPhone OS, with the iPhone 4.
• July – Microsoft Kin phones and KIN OS are discontinued.
• September
  • Apple releases a variant of iOS powering the new 2nd generation Apple TV.
  • Symbian^3 is first released on the Nokia N8. This would be Nokia's last flagship device running Symbian (though not their last Symbian phone), before switching to Windows Phone 7 for future flagship phones.
  • The Danger Hiptop line and DangerOS are discontinued as a result of Microsoft's acquisition of Danger, Inc. in 2008.
• November
  • Nokia assumes full control over Symbian as the Symbian Foundation disintegrates.
  • Windows Phone OS is released on Windows Phone 7 phones by HTC, LG, Samsung, and Dell. The new OS is not backward-compatible with the prior Windows Mobile OS.

2011

• February
  • Android 3.0 (Honeycomb), the first version to officially support tablet computers, is released on the Motorola Xoom.
  • Nokia abandons the Symbian OS and announces that it would use Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 as its primary smartphone platform, while Symbian would be gradually wound down.
• April – BlackBerry Tablet OS, based on QNX Neutrino is released on the BlackBerry PlayBook.
• July
  • Mozilla announces their Boot to Gecko project (later named Firefox OS) to develop an OS for handheld devices emphasizing standards-based Web technologies, similar to webOS.
  • webOS 3.0, the first version to support tablet computers, is released on the HP TouchPad.
• August – HP announces that webOS device development and production lines would be halted. The last HP webOS version, 3.0.5, is released on January 12, 2012.
• September
  • MeeGo is introduced with the limited-release Nokia N9, Nokia's first and only consumer device to use the OS. (A small number of the Nokia N950, a MeeGo phone available only to developers, were released in mid-2011.)
  • After Nokia's abandonment of MeeGo, Intel and the Linux Foundation announce a partnership with Samsung to launch Tizen, shifting their focus from MeeGo (Intel and Linux Foundation) and Bada (Samsung) during 2011 and 2012.
• October
  • Apple releases iOS 5 with the iPhone 4S, integrating the Siri voice assistant.
  • The Mer project is announced, based on an ultra-portable core for building products, composed of Linux, HTML5, QML, and JavaScript, which is derived from the MeeGo codebase.
• November – Fire OS, a fork of the Android operating system, is released by Amazon.com on the Kindle Fire tablet.

2012

• May – Nokia releases the Nokia 808 PureView, later confirmed (in January 2013) to be the last Symbian smartphone. This phone was followed by a single last Symbian software update, "Nokia Belle, Feature Pack 2", later in 2012.
• July
  • Finnish start-up Jolla, formed by former Nokia employees, announces that MeeGo's community-driven successor Mer would be the basis of their new Sailfish smartphone OS.
  • Mozilla announces that the project formerly named Boot to Gecko (which is built atop an Android Linux kernel using Android drivers and services; however it uses no Java-like code of Android) is now Firefox OS (since discontinued) and has several handset OEMs on board.
• August – Samsung announces they will not ship further phones using their Bada OS, instead focusing on Windows Phone 8 and Android.
• September – Apple releases iOS 6 with the iPhone 5.

2013

• January – BlackBerry releases their new operating system for smartphones, BlackBerry 10, with their Q10 and Z10 smartphones. BlackBerry 10 is not backward-compatible with the BlackBerry OS used on their previous smartphones.
• February – HP sells webOS to LG.
• September – Apple releases iOS 7 with the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C.
• October
  • Canonical announces Ubuntu Touch, a version of the Linux distribution expressly designed for smartphones. The OS is built on the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers and services, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android.
  • Google releases Android KitKat 4.4.
• November – Jolla releases Sailfish OS on the Jolla smartphone.

2014

• February
  • Microsoft releases Windows Phone 8.1
  • Nokia introduces their Nokia X platform OS as an Android 4.1.2 Jelly Bean fork on the Nokia X family of smartphones. Similar to Amazon.com's Fire OS, it replaces Google's apps and services with ones from Nokia (such as HERE Maps, Nokia Xpress and MixRadio, and Nokia's own app store) and Microsoft (such as Skype and Outlook), with a user interface that mimics the Windows Phone UI. After the acquisition of Nokia's devices unit, Microsoft announced in July 2014 that no more Nokia X smartphones would be introduced, marking the end of the platform just a few months later.
• August – The Samsung SM-Z9005 Z is the first phone released running Tizen, with v2.2.1 of the OS.
• September
  • Apple releases iOS 8 with the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus.
  • BlackBerry releases BlackBerry 10 version 10.3 with integration with the Amazon Appstore
• November – Google releases Android 5.0 "Lollipop"

2015

• February – Google releases Android 5.1 "Lollipop".
• April
  • LG releases the LG Watch Urbane LTE smartwatch running "LG Wearable Platform OS" based on webOS. This is a version of their Android Wear OS-based LG Watch Urbane, with added LTE connectivity.
  • watchOS, based on iOS, is released by Apple with the Apple Watch.
• September
  • Apple releases iOS 9 with the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus, iPad Pro, and iPad Mini 4, plus watchOS 2. tvOS 9 is also made distinct from iOS, with its own App Store, launching with Apple TV 4th generation.
  • Google releases Android 6.0 "Marshmallow".
• October – BlackBerry announces that there are no plans to release new APIs and software development kits for BlackBerry 10, and future updates would focus on security and privacy enhancements only.
• November – Microsoft releases Windows 10 Mobile.

2016

• February – Microsoft releases the Lumia 650, their last Windows 10 Mobile phone before discontinuing all mobile hardware production the following year.
• July – The BlackBerry Classic, the last device to date running a BlackBerry OS is discontinued. While BlackBerry Limited claimed to still be committed to the BlackBerry 10 operating system, they have since only shipped Android devices after releasing the BlackBerry Priv, their first Android smartphone in November 2015.
• August
  • Google posts the Fuchsia source code on GitHub.
  • Google releases Android 7.0 "Nougat".
• September – Apple releases iOS 10 with the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, and watchOS 3 with the Apple Watch Series 1 and 2.
• November
  • Tizen releases Tizen 3.0.
  • BlackBerry releases BlackBerry 10 version 10.3.3.

2017

• April
  • Development of Ubuntu Touch is transferred from Canonical Ltd. to the UBports Foundation
  • Samsung officially launches Android-based Samsung Experience custom firmware starting with version 8.1 on Samsung Galaxy S8.
• May
  • Samsung announces Tizen 4.0 at Tizen Developer Conference 2017.
• August
  • Google releases Android 8.0 "Oreo".
• September
  • Apple releases iOS 11 with the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus and iPhone X, and watchOS 4 with the Apple Watch Series 3.
• October
  • Microsoft announces that Windows 10 Mobile development is going into maintenance mode only, ending the release of any new features or functionality due to lack of market penetration and resultant lack of interest from app developers, and releases the final major update to it, the "Fall Creators Update."
  • Cherry Mobile release CherryOS based on Android

2018

• February
  • Samsung releases Samsung Experience 9.0 based on Android "Oreo" 8.0 globally to Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+.
• March
  • Google and partners officially launches Android Go (based on Android "Oreo" 8.1 but tailored for low-end devices) with Nokia 1, Alcatel 1X, ZTE Tempo Go, General Mobile 8 Go, Micromax Bharat Go and Lava Z50.
  • Google releases Android "9" as a developer preview.
• April
  • Microsoft release Windows 10 Version 1803 "April 2018 Update".
• May
  • Huawei release LiteOS version 2.1.
• August
  • Google releases Android 9.0 "Pie".
  • UBPorts released Ubuntu Touch OTA-14, upgrading the OS based on the Canonical's long-term support version of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS "Xenial Xerus".
  • Xiaomi officially introduces MIUI for POCO for their Poco series smartphone.
  • Samsung officially introduces Tizen 4.0 with the release of Samsung Galaxy Watch series.
• September
  • Apple releases iOS 12 with the iPhone XS and XS Max, and watchOS 5 with Apple Watch Series 4.
  • Huawei releases EMUI 9.0.
• October
  • Microsoft releases Windows 10 Version 1809 "October 2018 Update".
• November
  • Samsung announces the One UI as the latest version of the Samsung Experience UI.
  • Amazon released Fire OS 6 to supported Fire HD devices.

2019

• January
  • Microsoft announces that support for Windows 10 Mobile would end on December 10, 2019, and that Windows 10 Mobile users should migrate to iOS or Android phones.
• June
  • Apple announces iOS 13, watchOS 6, and iPadOS as a distinct variant of iOS.
• August
  • Huawei officially announces HarmonyOS
• September
  • Apple releases iOS 13 with the iPhone 11 series, watchOS 6 with Apple Watch Series 5, and iPadOS with the 7th generation iPad.
  • Google releases Android 10.
  • The Librem 5, the first phone running PureOS, is released.
• October
  • Samsung announces the One UI 2.0 as the latest version of their Galaxy Smartphone and Smartwatch UI .
• November
  • Microsoft releases the Windows 10 November 10, 2019 Update.

Current software platforms

See also: Comparison of mobile operating systems, Comparison of smartphones, List of iPhone models, and List of Windows phones

These operating systems often run atop baseband or other real-time operating systems that handle hardware aspects of the phone.

Android

Main articles: Android (operating system) and Android version history

Android (based on the modified Linux kernel) is a mobile operating system developed by Open Handset Alliance. The base system is open-source (and only the kernel copyleft), but the apps and drivers which provide functionality are increasingly becoming closed-source. Besides having the largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, it is also the most popular operating system for general purpose computers (a category that includes desktop computers and mobile devices), even though Android is not a popular operating system for regular (desktop) personal computers (PCs). Although the Android operating system is free and open-source software, in devices sold, much of the software bundled with it (including Google apps and vendor-installed software) is proprietary software and closed-source.

Android's releases before 2.0 (1.0, 1.5, 1.6) were used exclusively on mobile phones. Android 2.x releases were mostly used for mobile phones but also some tablets. Android 3.0 was a tablet-oriented release and does not officially run on mobile phones. Both phone and tablet compatibility were merged with Android 4.0. The current Android version is Android 14, released on October 4, 2023.

Android One

Main article: Android One

Android One, a successor to Google Nexus, is a software experience that runs on the unmodified Android operating system. Unlike most of the "stock" Androids running on the market, the Android One User Interface (UI) closely resembles the Google Pixel UI, due to Android One being a software experience developed by Google and distributed to partners such as Nokia Mobile (HMD) and Xiaomi. Thus, the UI is intended to be as clean as possible. Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) partners may tweak or add additional apps such as cameras to the firmware, but most of the apps are handled proprietarily by Google. Operating system updates are handled by Google and internally tested by OEMs before being distributed via an OTA update to end users.

Current Android One version list

• Android One versions follow those of the Android Open Source Project (AOSP), starting from Android 5.0 "Lollipop"

BharOS

Main article: BharOS

BharOS is a mobile operating system in India. It is an Indian government-funded project to develop a free and open-source operating system (OS) for use in government and public systems.

BlackBerry Secure

BlackBerry Secure is an operating system developed by BlackBerry, based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). BlackBerry officially announced the name for their Android-based front-end touch interface in August 2017, before which BlackBerry Secure was running on BlackBerry brand devices, such as BlackBerry Priv, DTEK 50/60 and BlackBerry KeyOne. Currently, BlackBerry plans to license out the BlackBerry Secure to other OEMs.

Current BlackBerry Secure version list

• BlackBerry Secure version 1.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x and "Nougat" 7.x

CalyxOS

CalyxOS is an operating system for smartphones based on Android with mostly free and open-source software. It is produced by the Calyx Institute as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility."

ColorOS

Main article: ColorOS

ColorOS is a custom front-end touch interface based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and developed by OPPO Electronics Corp. In 2016, OPPO officially released ColorOS with every OPPO and Realme device and released an official ROM for the OnePlus One. Future Realme devices will have their own version of ColorOS.

Current ColorOS version list

• ColorOS 1.x – based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.2.x and "KitKat" 4.4
• ColorOS 2.x – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4 and "Lollipop" 5
• ColorOS 3.x – based on Android "Lollipop" 5, "Marshmallow" 6, and "Nougat" 7
• ColorOS 5.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8
• ColorOS 6.x – based on Android "Pie" 9
• ColorOS 7.x – based on Android 10
• ColorOS 11.x – based on Android 11
• ColorOS 12.x – based on Android 11 and 12

CopperheadOS

CopperheadOS is a security-hardened version of Android.

DivestOS

DivestOS is a soft fork of LineageOS. Includes Monthly Updates, FOSS Focus, Deblobbing, Security and Privacy focus, and F-Droid

EMUI

Main article: EMUI

Huawei EMUI is the front-end touch interface developed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and its sub-brand Honor which is based on Google's Android Open Source Project (AOSP). EMUI is preinstalled on most Huawei and Honor devices. While it was based on the open-source Android operating system, it consists of closed-source proprietary software. Since the US sanctions, it is currently a fork of Android similar to FireOS instead of a compatible one.

In mainland China, and internationally since 2020 due to U.S. sanctions, EMUI devices use Huawei Mobile Services such as Huawei AppGallery instead of Google Mobile Services. Aside from based on Android, Huawei also bundle the HarmonyOS microkernel in the latest EMUI update inside Android which handle other process including security authentication such as the fingerprint authentication.

/e/

Main article: /e/ (operating system)

/e/ is an operating system forked from the source code of LineageOS (based on Android). /e/ targets Android smart phone devices and uses MicroG as a replacement for Google Play Services. /e/OS is not completely open source software, because it comes with the proprietary Magic Earth 'Maps' app.

Fire OS

Amazon Fire OS is a mobile operating system forked from Android and produced by Amazon for its Fire range of tablets, Echo and Echo Dot, and other content delivery devices like Fire TV (previously for their Fire Phone). Fire OS primarily centers on content consumption, with a customized user interface and heavy ties to content available from Amazon's own storefronts and services.

Current Fire OS version list

• Fire OS 1.x
• Fire OS 2.x
• Fire OS 3.x
• Fire OS 4.x
• Fire OS 5.x
• Fire OS 6.x
• Fire OS 7.x

Flyme OS

Flyme OS is an operating system developed by Meizu Technology Co., Ltd., an open-source operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). Flyme OS is mainly installed on Meizu smartphones such as the MX series. However, it also has official ROM support for a few Android devices.

Current Flyme OS version list

• Flyme OS 1.x.x (based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" 4.0.3, initial release)
• Flyme OS 2.x.x (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.2.x)
• Flyme OS 3.x.x (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.3.x)
• Flyme OS 4.x.x (based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x)
• Flyme OS 5.x.x (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x)
• Flyme OS 6.x.x (based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, "Marshmallow" 6.0.x and "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x for old devices)
• Flyme OS 7.x.x (based on Android "Pie" 9.0, "Oreo" 8.x and "Nougat" 7.x)
• Flyme OS 8.x.x (based on Android 10, "Pie" 9.0, "Oreo" 8.x and "Nougat" 7.x)
• Flyme OS 9.x.x (based on Android 11 and 10)

FuntouchOS

FuntouchOS is a custom user interface developed by Vivo that is based on the Android Open Source Project. FuntouchOS 10.5 had a redesigned UI that resembled stock Androids.

Current FuntouchOS version list

• FuntouchOS 2.x – Based on Android "KitKat" 4.4, Android "Lollipop" 5 and Android "Marshmallow" 6, initial release
• FuntouchOS 3.x – Based on Android "Marshmallow" 6 and Android "Nougat" 7
• FuntouchOS 4.x – Based on Android "Oreo" 8
• FuntouchOS 9.x – Based on Android "Pie" 9
• FuntouchOS 10.x – Based on Android "Pie" 9 and Android 10
• FuntouchOS 10.5 – Based on Android 10 and Android 11, redesigned UI
• FuntouchOS 11.x – Based on Android 10 and Android 11
• FuntouchOS 12.x – Based on Android 11 and Android 12
• FuntouchOS 13.x -Based on Android 13

GrapheneOS

Main article: GrapheneOS

GrapheneOS is a variant of Android for Pixel hardware.

HiOS

Main article: HiOS

HiOS is an Android-based operating system developed by Hong Kong mobile phone manufacturer Tecno Mobile, a subsidiary of Transsion Holdings, exclusively for their smartphones. HiOS allows for a wide range of user customization without requiring rooting the mobile device. The operating system is also bundled with utility applications that allow users to free up memory, freeze applications, limit data accessibility to applications among others. HiOS comes with features like Launcher, Private Safe, Split Screen and Lockscreen Notification.

Current HiOS version list

• HiOS 1.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6
• HiOS 2.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7
• HiOS 3.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7
• HiOS 4.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8
• HiOS 5.x – based on Android "Pie" 9
• HiOS 6.x – based on Android 10
• HiOS 7.x – based on Android 10
• HiOS 7.6.x – based on Android 11
• HiOS 8.x – based on Android 11

HTC Sense

Main article: HTC Sense

HTC Sense is a software suite developed by HTC, used primarily on the company's Android-based devices. Serving as a successor to HTC's TouchFLO 3D software for Windows Mobile, Sense modifies many aspects of the Android user experience, incorporating added features (such as an altered home screen and keyboard), widgets, HTC-developed applications, and redesigned applications. The first device with Sense, the HTC Hero, was released in 2009.

• HTC Sense 1.x (based on Android "Eclair" 2.0/2.1, initial release)
• HTC Sense 2.x (based on Android "Eclair", "Froyo" and "Gingerbread" 2.0/2.1, 2.2.x and 2.3.x, redesigned UI)
• HTC Sense 3.x (based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, redesigned UI)
• HTC Sense 4.x (based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x, redesigned UI)
• HTC Sense 5.x (based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.1.x – 4.3.x, redesigned UI)
• HTC Sense 6.x (based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, redesigned UI)
• HTC Sense 7.x (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x, redesigned UI)
• HTC Sense 8.x (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x, redesigned UI)
• HTC Sense 9.x (based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI)
• HTC Sense 10.x (based on Android "Oreo" 8.x and "Pie" 9.0, redesigned UI)

iQOO UI

iQOO UI is a custom user interface that is based on Vivo's Funtouch OS, which itself is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The UI mostly resembles its predecessor, but with a customized UI on top of the Funtouch OS.

Current iQOO UI version list

• iQOO UI 1.x – Based on Funtouch OS

Indus OS

Main article: Indus OS

Indus OS is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It is developed by the Indus OS team based in India. No longer valid as of 2018, Indus OS is available on Micromax, Intex, Karbonn, and other Indian smartphone brands.

Current Indus OS version list

• Firstouch OS (based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0)
• Indus OS 2.0 (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0)
• Indus OS 3.0 (based on Android "Nougat" 7.0.1)

LG UX

Main article: LG UX

LG UX (formerly Optimus UI) is a front-end touch interface developed by LG Electronics and partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is not an operating system. LG UX is used internally by LG for sophisticated feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties.

Optimus UI 2, based on Android 4.1.2, has been released on the Optimus K II and the Optimus Neo 3. It features a more refined user interface compared to the prior version based on Android 4.1.1, along with new functionalities such as voice shutter and quick memo.

Current LG UX version list

• Optimus UI 1.x – based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, initial release
• Optimus UI 2.x – based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x – 4.3.x, redesigned UI
• LG UX 3.x – based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" 4.4.x and 5.0.x, redesigned UI
• LG UX 4.x – based on Android "Lollipop" and "Marshmallow" 5.1.x and 6.0.x, redesigned UI
• LG UX 5.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" and "Nougat" 6.0.x and 7.0.x, redesigned UI
• LG UX 6.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7.0.x, redesigned UI
• LG UX 6.x+ – based on Android "Oreo" 8.0.x, redesigned UI
• LG UX 7.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI
• LG UX 7.x+ – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x., redesigned UI
• LG UX 8.x – based on Android "Pie" 9.0, redesigned UI
• LG UX 9.x – based on Android 10 redesigned UI

LineageOS

Main article: LineageOS

Lineage Android Distribution is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It serves as the successor to the highly popular custom ROM, CyanogenMod, from which it was forked in December 2016 when Cyanogen Inc. announced it was discontinuing development and shut down the infrastructure behind the project. Since Cyanogen Inc. retained the rights to the Cyanogen name, the project rebranded its fork as LineageOS.

Similar to CyanogenMod, it does not include any proprietary apps unless the user installs them. It allows Android users who can no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official release from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization.

MagicOS

"MagicOS" (formerly known as Magic UI and Magic Live) is a front-end touch interface developed by Honor as a subsidiary of Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd before Honor became an independent company.

Magic UI is based on Huawei EMUI, which is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The overall user interface looks almost identical to EMUI, even after the separation. While it was based on the open-source Android operating system, it consists of closed-source proprietary software.

Due to sanctions imposed by the US on Huawei, new devices released by both Huawei and Honor are no longer allowed to include Google Mobile Services. To allow Honor to regain access to Google services, Huawei sold off Honor to become an independent company, thereby allowing them to pre-install Google Mobile Services on their latest devices.

• Magic UI 1.x – Based on EMUI 8 with Android "Oreo" 8 (Initial released)
• Magic UI 2.x – Based on EMUI 9 with Android "Pie" 9 (Minor UI update)
• Magic UI 3.x – Based on EMUI 10 with Android 10 (Minor UI update)
• Magic UI 4.x – Based on EMUI 11 with Android 10 and Android 11 (Minor UI update)
• Magic UI 5.x – Based on EMUI 11 with Android 10 and Android 11 (Minor UI update)
• Magic UI 6.x – Based on EMUI 12 with Android 12 (Major UI redesigned)
• Magic OS 7.x – Based on EMUI 12 with Android 13 (Minor UI redesigned)

MIUI

Main article: MIUI

Mi User Interface (MIUI), developed by the Chinese electronic company Xiaomi, was a mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). MIUI was mostly founded in Xiaomi smartphones such as the Xiaomi (formerly Mi) and Redmi Series. However, it also had official ROM support for a few Android devices. Although MIUI was based on AOSP, which is open-source, it consisted of closed-source proprietary software. In October 2023 MIUI was replaced by Xiaomi HyperOS.

MIUI for POCO

A specific version of MIUI developed for Xiaomi sub-brand (Currently an independence brand) POCO, the overall experience of the "skin" was similar to those of standard MIUI expect during the early release of MIUI for POCO where compared to standard MIUI it has an app drawer and allowed for 3rd party Android icon customization. Whereas the current MIUI for POCO shared all the common experience with those of standard MIUI, except the icon and the POCO Launcher instead of stock MIUI Launcher. In 2024 MIUI for POCO was replaced by Xiaomi HyperOS.

MyOS

MyOS (formerly called MiFavor) is a custom Android UI developed by ZTE for their flagship smartphones. MyOS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). This is a redesign from their previous custom Android UI, MiFavor.

Current MyOS version list

• MiFavor 1.x – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, initial release
• MiFavor 2.x – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, redesigned UI
• MiFavor 3.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x, redesigned UI
• MiFavor 4.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI
• MiFavor 5.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI
• MiFavor 9.x – based on Android "Pie" 9.0, redesigned UI
• MiFavor 10.x – based on Android 10, redesigned UI
• MyOS 11.x – based on Android 11, initial release migrate from MiFavor
• MyOS 12.x – based on Android 12, redesigned UI
• MyOS 13.x – based on Android 13
• MyOS 14.x – based on Android 14

My UI

My UI (formerly called My UX) is a custom Android UI developed by Motorola for their devices. My UX used to look like the stock Android user experience up until My UI 3.x.

Current My UX version list

• My UX 1.x – based on Android 10, initial release
• My UI 2.x – based on Android 11
• My UI 3.x – based on Android 12
• My UI 4.x – based on Android 12

Nothing OS

Nothing OS is a custom Android UI developed by Nothing for their Nothing Phone (1). Nothing OS design interface are identical to the stock Android and Pixel UI experience, aside from their custom font and widget which is based on dot design.

Current Nothing OS version list

• Nothing OS 1 – based on Android 12, initial release
• Nothing OS 1.5 – based on Android 13
• Nothing OS 2 – based on Android 13, minor UI redesigned
• Nothing OS 2.5 - based on Android 14

nubia UI

nubia UI is a custom Android UI developed by ZTE and nubia for their smartphones. nubia UI is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).

Current nubia UI version list

• Nubia UI 6.x – based on Android 8 "Oreo"
• Nubia UI 7.x – based on Android 9 "Pie"
• nubia UI 8.x – based on Android 10
• nubia UI 9.x – based on Android 11

One UI

Main article: One UI

One UI (formerly called TouchWiz and Samsung Experience) is a front-end touch interface developed by Samsung Electronics in 2008 with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. It is not a true operating system, but a user experience. Samsung Experience is used internally by Samsung for smartphones, feature phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. The Android version of Samsung Experience also came with Samsung-made apps preloaded until the Galaxy S6, which removed all Samsung pre-loaded apps except Samsung Galaxy Store (formerly Galaxy Apps) to save storage space due to the removal of its MicroSD. With the release of Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+, Samsung Experience 8.1 was preinstalled on it with new functions, known as Samsung DeX. Similar to the concept of Microsoft Continuum, Samsung DeX allowed high-end Galaxy devices such as S8/S8+ or Note 8 to connect into a docking station, which extends the device to allow desktop-like functionality by connecting a keyboard, mouse, and monitor. Samsung also announced "Linux on Galaxy", which allows users to use the standard Linux distribution on the DeX platform.

Previous Samsung Android UI version list

• TouchWiz 3.x (based on Android 2.1 "Éclair" and Android 2.2 "Froyo") (Initial release for Android UI)
• TouchWiz 4.x (based on Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" and Android 3.0 "Honeycomb") (Minor UI update)
• TouchWiz Nature UX (based on Android 4.0 "Ice Cream Sandwich") (Minor UI update)
• TouchWiz Nature UX 2.x (based on Android 4.2 "Jellybean") (Minor UI update)
• TouchWiz Nature UX 3.x (based on Android 4.4 "KitKat") (Minor UI update)
• TouchWiz Nature UX 4.x (based on Android 5 "Lollipop") (Minor UI update)
• TouchWiz Nature UX 5.x (based on Android 5 "Lollipop") (Major UI update)
• TouchWiz Nature UX 6.x (based on Android 6 "Marshmallow") (Minor UI update)
• TouchWiz Grace UX (based on Android 6 "Marshmallow") (Major UI update)
• Samsung Experience 8.x (based on Android 7 "Nougat") (Initial release migrate from TouchWiz)
• Samsung Experience 9.x (based on Android 8 "Oreo") (Minor update)
• Samsung Experience 10.x (based on Android 9 "Pie) (Minor and Last update before redesign One UI)

Current One UI version list

• One UI 1.x (based on Android 9 "Pie") (Initial release)
• One UI 2.x (based on Android 10) (Minor UI update)
• One UI 3.x (based on Android 11) (Minor UI update)
• One UI 4.x (based on Android 12) (Minor UI update)
• One UI 5.x (based on Android 13) (Minor UI update)
• One UI 6.x (based on Android 14) (Major UI update)

Origin OS

Origin OS is a custom user interface developed by Vivo that is based on Android. It is a redesigned skin of Funtouch OS. It is currently only available in China but may someday be released globally.

Current Origin OS version list

• Origin OS 1.0 – based on Android 10 and Android 11 (initial release)
• Origin OS Ocean – based on Android 12
• Origin OS HD – based on Android 12 (currently only used in Vivo Pad)

OxygenOS

Main article: OxygenOS

OxygenOS is based on the open source Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and is developed by OnePlus to replace Cyanogen OS on OnePlus devices such as the OnePlus One. It is preinstalled on the OnePlus 2, OnePlus X, OnePlus 3, OnePlus 3T, OnePlus 5, OnePlus 5T, and OnePlus 6. As stated by Oneplus, OxygenOS is focused on stabilizing and maintaining of stock Android functionalities like those found on Nexus devices. It consists of mainly Google apps and minor UI customization to maintain the sleekness of stock Android.

Current OxygenOS version list

• Oxygen OS 1.0.x (based on Android 5.0.x "Lollipop") (initial release)
• Oxygen OS 2.0.x (based on Android 5.1.x "Lollipop") (overall maintenance update)
• Oxygen OS 3.0.x (based on Android 6.0 "Marshmallow") (major Android update)
• Oxygen OS 3.1.x (based on Android 6.0.1 "Marshmallow") (minor maintenance update)
• Oxygen OS 3.2.x (based on Android 6.0.1 "Marshmallow") (major Android update)
• Oxygen OS 4.x.x (based on Android 7.x "Nougat") (major Android update)
• Oxygen OS 5.x.x (based on Android 8.x "Oreo") (major Android update)
• Oxygen OS 9.x.x (based on Android 9 "Pie") (major Android update)
• Oxygen OS 10.x.x (based on Android 10) (major Android update)
• Oxygen OS 11.x.x (based on Android 11) (major Android update)
• Oxygen OS 12.x.x (based on Android 12) (major Android update)

Pixel UI (Pixel Launcher)

Google Pixel UI or Pixel Launcher is developed by Google and based on the open-source Android system. Unlike Nexus phones, where Google shipped with stock Android, the UI that came with first-generation Pixel phones was slightly modified. As part of the Google Pixel software, the Pixel UI and its home launcher are closed-source and proprietary, so it is only available on Pixel family devices. However, third-party mods allow non-Pixel smartphones to install Pixel Launcher with Google Now feed integration.

Current Google Pixel Launcher version list

• Pixel Launcher – "7.1.1" (based on Android 7.x "Nougat") (Initial release)
• Pixel Launcher – "8.1.0" (based on Android 8.x "Oreo") (Minor UI update)
• Pixel Launcher – "9.0" (based on Android 9 "Pie") (Minor UI update)
• Pixel Launcher – "10.0" (based on Android 10) (Moderate UI update that support themes)
• Pixel Launcher – "11.0" (based on Android 11) (Minor UI update)
• Pixel Launcher – "12.0" (based on Android 12) (Major UI update)
• Pixel Launcher – "13.0" (based on Android 13) (Minor UI update)
• Pixel Launcher – "14.0" (based on Android 14) (Minor UI update)

realme UI

realme UI is a mobile operating system developed by Realme which is based on OPPO ColorOS, which itself is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The UI mostly resemble its predecessor, but with a custom UI on top of ColorOS to match Realme's target audience.

Current realme UI version list

• realme UI 1.0 – Based on ColorOS 7.0 – Android 10 – Initial Release
• realme UI 2.0 – Based on ColorOS 11.0 – Android 11
• realme UI 3.0 – Based on ColorOS 12.0 – Android 12
• realme UI 4.0 – Based on ColorOS 13.0 – Android 13
• realme UI 5.0 – Based on ColorOS 14.0 – Android 14

realme UI R edition

realme UI R edition is a custom Android skin that Realme developed for their lower-end device line with "C" and Narzo series, the Android-based line of is based on Android Go, hence the overall experience is tune down to allowed for smoother experience on budget Realme devices.

Red Magic OS

Red Magic OS is a mobile operating system developed by ZTE and Nubia for their Red Magic devices.

Current Red Magic OS version list

• Red Magic OS 1.x – based on Android 8 "Oreo", initial release
• Red Magic OS 2.x – based on Android 9 "Pie", redesigned UI
• Red Magic OS 3.x – based on Android 10, redesigned UI
• Red Magic OS 4.x – based on Android 11, redesigned UI
• Red Magic OS 5.x – based on Android 12, redesigned UI

Replicant OS

Main article: Replicant (operating system)

Replicant is a custom mobile operating system based on the Android with all proprietary drivers and bloated closed-source software removed.

TCL UI

TCL UI is a custom user interface developed by TCL Technology for their in-house smartphone series. The OS is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).

Current TCL UI version list

• TCL UI 1.x – Based on Android 9 "Pie" and Android 10 – Initial Release
• TCL UI 2.x – Based on Android 10 – Minor UI upgrade
• TCL UI 3.x – Based on Android 11 – Minor UI upgrade
• TCL UI 4.x – Based on Android 12 – Minor UI upgrade

VOS

VOS is a custom Android UI developed by BQ Aquaris and Vsmart.

Current VOS version list:

• VOS 1.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7.1, "Oreo" 8
• VOS 2.x – based on Android "Pie" 9
• VOS 3.x – based on Android 10
• VOS 4.x – based on Android 11

XOS

XOS (formerly known as XUI) is an Android-based operating system developed by Hong Kong mobile phone manufacturer Infinix Mobile, a subsidiary of Transsion Holdings, exclusively for their smartphones. XOS allows for a wide range of user customization without requiring rooting the mobile device. The operating system comes with utility applications that allow users to protect their privacy, improve speed, enhance their experience, etc. XOS comes with features like XTheme, Scan to Recharge, Split Screen and XManager.

Current XOS version list:

• XUI 1.x – based on Android "Lollipop" 5, initial release
• XOS 2.x – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6 and "Nougat" 7
• XOS 3.x – based on Android "Nougat" 7 and "Oreo" 8
• XOS 4.x – based on Android "Oreo" 8
• XOS 5.x – based on Android "Pie" 9
• XOS 6.x – based on Android 10
• XOS 7.x – based on Android 10
• XOS 7.6.x – based on Android 11
• XOS 10.x – based on Android 11, redesigned UI
• XOS 10.6.x – based on Android 12, latest update

Xperia UI

Sony Xperia UI (formerly known as Sony Ericsson Timescape UI) was the front-end UI developed by Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) in 2010 for their Android-based Sony Xperia series. Sony Xperia UI mostly consisted of Sony's own applications such as Sony Music (formerly known as Walkman Music player), Albums and Video Player. During its time as Timescape UI, the UI differed from the standard Android UI—instead of traditional apps dock on the bottom part, they were located at the four corners of the home screen, while the middle of the screen consisted of the widget. However, recent UI developments more closely resemble those of stock Android.

Current Xperia UI version list:

• Timescape version 1 – based on Android "Eclair" 2.0/2.1, initial release
• Timescape version 2 – based on Android "Gingerbread" 2.3.x, redesigned UI
• Xperia UI version 3 – based on Android "Gingerbread" and "Ice Cream Sandwich" 2.3.x and 4.0.x, redesigned UI
• Xperia UI version 4 – based on Android "Jelly Bean" 4.2.x – 4.3.x, redesigned UI
• Xperia UI version 5 – based on Android "KitKat" 4.4.x, redesigned UI
• Xperia UI version 6 – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, redesigned UI
• Xperia UI version 7 – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x, redesigned UI
• Xperia UI version 8 – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI
• Xperia UI version 9 – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI

ZenUI

Main article: Asus Zen UI

ZenUI is a front-end touch interface developed by ASUS with partners, featuring a full touch user interface. ZenUI is used by ASUS for its Android phones and tablet computers, and is not available for licensing by external parties. ZenUI also comes preloaded with ASUS-made apps like ZenLink (PC Link, Share Link, Party Link & Remote Link).

Current ZenUI version list:

• ZenUI 1.0 – based on Android "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.3.x and 4.4.x, initial release
• ZenUI 2.0 – based on Android "Lollipop" 5.0.x – 5.1.x, redesigned UI
• ZenUI 3.0 – based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.0.x, redesigned UI
• ZenUI 4.0 – based on Android "Nougat" 7.x, redesigned UI
• ZenUI 5.0 – based on Android "Oreo" 8.x, redesigned UI
• ZenUI 6.0 – based on Android "Pie" 9.0, redesigned UI
• ZenUI 7.0 – based on Android 10, redesigned UI
• ZenUI 8.0 – based on Android 11, redesigned UI

ZUI

ZUI is a custom operating system originally developed by Lenovo subsidiary ZUK Mobile for their smartphones. However, after the shutting down of ZUK Mobile, Lenovo took over as the main developer of ZUI. The operating system is based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).

Current ZUI version list:

• ZUI 1.x – Initial Release
• ZUI 2.x
• ZUI 3.x
• ZUI 4.x
• ZUI 4.x
• ZUI 10.x - Based on Android 9 "Pie"
• ZUI 11.x - Based on Android 9 "Pie" and Android 10
• ZUI 12.x - Based on Android 11
• ZUI 13.x - Based on Android 11

Wear OS

Main article: Wear OS

Wear OS (also known simply as Wear and formerly Android Wear) is a version of Google's Android operating system designed for smartwatches and other wearables. By pairing with mobile phones running Android version 6.0 or newer, or iOS version 10.0 or newer with limited support from Google's pairing application, Wear OS integrates Google Assistant technology and mobile notifications into a smartwatch form factor.

In May 2021 at Google I/O, Google announced a major update to the platform, internally known as Wear OS 3.0. It incorporates a new visual design inspired by Android 12, and Fitbit exercise tracking features. Google also announced a partnership with Samsung Electronics, who is collaborating with Google to unify its Tizen-based smartwatch platform with Wear OS, and has committed to using Wear OS on its future smartwatch products. The underlying codebase was also upgraded to Android 11. Wear OS 3.0 will be available to Wear OS devices running Qualcomm Snapdragon Wear 4100 system on chip, and will be an opt-in upgrade requiring a factory reset to install.

Current Wear OS version list:

• Android Wear 4.4w (Based on Android 4.4 "KitKat") – (Initially release)
• Android Wear 1.0 – 1.3 (Based on Android 5.0 "Lollipop) – (Minor update)
• Android Wear 1.4 (Based on Android 6.0 "Marshmallow) – (Minor update)
• Android Wear 2.0 – 2.6 (7.1.1W2) (Based on Android 7.1 "Nougat") – (Minor update)
• Android Wear 2.6 (7.1.1W3, 8.0.0 W1) – 2.9 (7.1.1W6, 8.0.0W4) (Based on Android 8.0 "Oreo") – (Minor update)
• Wear OS 1.0 (Based on Android 8.0 "Oreo") – (Renamed and Minor update)
• Wear OS 2.0 (Based on Android 8.0 "Oreo") – (Minor update)
• Wear OS 2.2 (Based on Android 9.0 "Pie") – (Minor update)
• Wear OS 3.0 (Based on Android 11) – (Major UI and system update)

One UI Watch

One UI Watch is the user interface Samsung developed for their Wear OS based smartwatch, officially announced after both Google and Samsung confirmed they would unify their respective wearable operating systems (Google Wear OS 2.0 and Samsung Tizen) into Wear OS 3.0.

Current One UI Watch version list:

• One UI Watch 3.0 (Based on Wear OS 3.0 – Android 11) (Initial release)

ChromeOS

Main article: ChromeOS

ChromeOS is an operating system designed by Google that is based on the Linux kernel and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface. As a result, ChromeOS primarily supports web applications. Google announced the project in July 2009, conceiving it as an operating system in which both applications and user data reside in the cloud: hence ChromeOS primarily runs web applications.

Due to increase of popularity with 2-in-1 PCs, most recent Chromebooks are introduced with touch screen capability, with Android applications starting to become available for the operating system in 2014. And in 2016, access to Android apps in the entire Google Play Store was introduced on supported ChromeOS devices. With the support of Android applications, there are Chromebook devices that are positioned as tablet based instead of notebooks.

ChromeOS is only available pre-installed on hardware from Google manufacturing partners. An open source equivalent, ChromiumOS, can be compiled from downloaded source code. Early on, Google provided design goals for ChromeOS, but has not otherwise released a technical description.

Sailfish OS

Main article: Sailfish OS

Sailfish OS is from Jolla. It is open source with GNU General Public License (GPL) for middleware stack core which comes from MER. Sailfish due to Jolla's business model and due to alliances with various partners and due to intentional design of OS internals, is capable to adopt in several layers third-party software including Jolla software e.g. Jolla's UI is proprietary software (closed source), so such components can be proprietary with many kinds of licences. However, user can replace them with open source components like e.g. NEMO UI instead Jolla's UI.

After Nokia abandoned in 2011 the MeeGo project, most of the MeeGo team left Nokia, and established Jolla as a company to use MeeGo and Mer business opportunities. The MER standard allows it to be launched on any hardware with kernel compatible with MER. In 2012, Linux Sailfish OS based on MeeGo and using middleware of MER core stack distribution was launched for public use. The first device, the Jolla smartphone, was unveiled on May 20, 2013. In 2015, Jolla Tablet was launched and the BRICS countries declared it an officially supported OS there. Jolla started licensing Sailfish OS 2.0 for third parties. Some devices sold are updateable to Sailfish 2.0 with no limits.

Nemo Mobile is a community-driven OS, similar to Sailfish but attempting to replace its proprietary components, such as the user interface.

SteamOS

Main article: SteamOS

SteamOS is a Linux distribution developed by Valve. It incorporates Valve's popular namesake Steam video game storefront and is the primary operating system for Steam Machines and the Steam Deck. SteamOS is open source with some closed source components.

SteamOS was originally built to support streaming of video games from one personal computer to the one running SteamOS within the same network, although the operating system can support standalone systems and was intended to be used as part of Valve's Steam Machine platform. SteamOS versions 1.0, released in December 2013, and 2.0 were based on the Debian distribution of Linux with GNOME desktop. With SteamOS, Valve encouraged developers to incorporate Linux compatibility into their releases to better support Linux gaming options.

In February 2022, Valve released the handheld gaming computer Steam Deck running SteamOS 3.0. SteamOS 3 is based on the Arch Linux distribution with KDE Plasma 5.

Tizen

Main article: Tizen

Tizen (based on the Linux kernel) is a mobile operating system hosted by Linux Foundation, together with support from the Tizen Association, guided by a Technical Steering Group composed of Intel and Samsung.

Tizen is an operating system for devices including smartphones, tablets, In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) devices, however currently it mainly focuses on wearable and smart TVs. It is an open source system (however the SDK was closed-source and proprietary) that aims to offer a consistent user experience across devices. Tizen's main components are the Linux kernel and the WebKit runtime. According to Intel, Tizen "combines the best of LiMo and MeeGo." HTML5 apps are emphasized, with MeeGo encouraging its members to transition to Tizen, stating that the "future belongs to HTML5-based applications, outside of a relatively small percentage of apps, and we are firmly convinced that our investment needs to shift toward HTML5." Tizen will be targeted at a variety of platforms such as handsets, touch pc, smart TVs and in-vehicle entertainment. On May 17, 2013, Tizen released version 2.1, code-named Nectarine.

While Tizen itself was open source, most of the UX and UI layer that was developed by Samsung was mainly closed-source and proprietary, such as the TouchWiz UI on the Samsung Z's series smartphone and One UI for their Galaxy Watch wearable lines.

Note that some refrigerators use Tizen, even though they are not very mobile.

KaiOS

Main article: KaiOS

KaiOS is from Kai. It is based on Firefox OS/Boot to Gecko. Unlike most mobile operating systems which focus on smartphones, KaiOS was developed mainly for feature phones, giving these access to more advanced technologies usually found on smartphones, such as app stores and Wi-Fi/4G capabilities.

It is a mix of closed-source and open-source components. FirefoxOS/B2G was released under the permissive MPL 2.0. It does not redistribute itself under the same license, so KaiOS is now presumably proprietary (but still mostly open-source, publishing its source code). KaiOS is not entirely proprietary, as it uses the copyleft GPL Linux kernel also used in Android.

Smart Feature OS

Smart Feature OS is a custom version of KaiOS that was developed and solely used by HMD Global for their KaiOS line of Nokia feature phone, the main differences between stock KaiOS and Smart Feature OS is mainly on the atheistic such as the icon and some UI element, including custom Nokia ringtone and notification tone.

Fully open-source, entirely permissive licenses

Fuchsia

Main article: Fuchsia (operating system)

Fuchsia is a capability-based, real-time operating system (RTOS) currently being developed by Google. It was first discovered as a mysterious code post on GitHub in August 2016, without any official announcement. In contrast to prior Google-developed operating systems such as ChromeOS and Android, which are based on Linux kernels, Fuchsia is based on a new microkernel called "Zircon", derived from "Little Kernel", a small operating system intended for embedded systems. This allows it to remove Linux and the copyleft GPL under which the Linux kernel is licensed; Fuchsia is licensed under the permissive BSD 3-clause, Apache 2.0, and MIT licenses. Upon inspection, media outlets noted that the code post on GitHub suggested Fuchsia's capability to run on universal devices, from embedded systems to smartphones, tablets and personal computers. In May 2017, Fuchsia was updated with a user interface, along with a developer writing that the project was not a for experimental, prompting media speculation about Google's intentions with the operating system, including the possibility of it replacing Android.

LiteOS

Main article: LiteOS

LiteOS is a lightweight open source real-time operating system which is part of Huawei's "1+2+1" Internet of Things solution, which is similar to Google Android Things and Samsung Tizen. It is released under the permissive BSD 3-clause license. Huawei LiteOS features lightweight, low-power, fast-response, multi-sensor collaboration, multi-protocol interconnect connectivity, enabling IoT terminals to quickly access the network. Huawei LiteOS will make intelligent hardware development easier. Thereby accelerating the realization of the interconnection of all things. Currently LiteOS are introduce to the consumer market with the Huawei Watch GT series and their sub-brand Honor Magic Watch series.

OpenHarmony

Main article: OpenHarmony

OpenHarmony is an open-source version of HarmonyOS developed and donated by Huawei to the OpenAtom Foundation. It supports devices running a mini system with memory as small as 128 KB, or running a standard system with memory greater than 128 MB. The open source HarmonyOS is based on the Huawei LiteOS kernel and Linux kernel for standard systems. OpenHarmony LiteOS Cortex-A brings small-sized, low-power, and high-performance experience and builds a unified and open ecosystem for developers. In addition, it provides rich kernel mechanisms, more comprehensive Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), and a unified driver framework, Hardware Driver Foundation (HDF), which offers unified access for device developers and friendly development experience for application developers.

Fully open-source, mixed copyleft and permissive licenses

See also: List of open-source mobile phones

Fedora Mobility

Fedora Mobility is under developing mobile operating system by the Fedora Project that are porting Fedora to run on portable devices such as phones and tablets.

LuneOS

Main article: LuneOS

LuneOS is a modern reimplementation of the Palm/HP webOS interface.

Manjaro ARM

Manjaro ARM is a mobile operating system with Plasma Mobile desktop environment that is running and default operating system on the PinePhone, an ARM-based smartphone released by Pine64.

Mobian

A mobile Debian focused for PinePhone and soon Librem.

Plasma mobile

Main article: Plasma Mobile

Plasma Mobile is a Plasma variant for smartphones. Plasma Mobile runs on Wayland and it is compatible with Ubuntu Touch applications, PureOS applications, and eventually Android applications via KDE's Shashlik project – also sponsored by Blue Systems, or Anbox. It is under the copyleft GPLv2 license.

The Necuno phone uses Plasma Mobile. It is entirely open-source and thus does not have a cellular modem, so it must make calls by VOIP, like a pocket computer.

postmarketOS

Main article: postmarketOS

postmarketOS is based on the Alpine Linux Linux distribution. It is intended to run on older phone hardware. As of 2019 it is in alpha.

PureOS

Main article: PureOS

PureOS is a Debian GNU/Linux derivative using only free software meeting the Debian Free Software Guidelines, mainly the copyleft GPL. PureOS is endorsed by Free Software Foundation as one of the freedom-respecting operating systems. It is developed by Purism, and was already in use on Purism's laptops before it was used on the Librem 5 smartphone. Purism, in partnership with GNOME and KDE, aims to separate the CPU from the baseband processor and include hardware kill switches for the phone's Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, camera, microphone, and baseband processor, and provide both GNOME and KDE Plasma Mobile as options for the desktop environment.

Ubuntu Touch

Main article: Ubuntu Touch

Ubuntu Touch

Ubuntu Touch is an open-source (GPL) mobile version of the Ubuntu operating system originally developed in 2013 by Canonical Ltd. and continued by the non-profit UBports Foundation in 2017. Ubuntu Touch can run on a pure GNU/Linux base on phones with the required drivers, such as the Librem 5 and the PinePhone. To enable hardware that was originally shipped with Android, Ubuntu Touch makes use of the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers and services via an LXC container, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android. As of February 2022, Ubuntu Touch is available on 78 phones and tablets. The UBports Installer serves as an easy-to-use tool to allow inexperienced users to install the operating system on third-party devices without damaging their hardware.

Closed source

iOS

Main articles: iOS and iOS version history

iOS (formerly named iPhone OS) was created by Apple Inc. It has the second largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, but the largest profits, due to aggressive price competition between Android-based manufacturers. It is closed-source and proprietary, and is built on the open source Darwin operating system. The iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and second and third-generation Apple TV all use iOS, which is derived from macOS.

Native third-party applications were not officially supported until the release of iPhone OS 2.0 on July 11, 2008. Before this, "jailbreaking" allowed third-party applications to be installed. In recent years, the jailbreaking scene has changed drastically due to Apple's continued efforts to secure their operating system and prevent unauthorized modifications. Currently, jailbreaks of recent iterations of iOS are only semi-untethered, which requires a device to be re-jailbroken at every boot, and exploits for jailbreaks are becoming increasingly hard to find and use.

Currently all iOS devices are developed by Apple and manufactured by Foxconn or another of Apple's partners.

iPadOS

Main article: iPadOS

iPadOS is a tablet operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. specifically for their iPad line of tablet computers. It was announced at the company's 2019 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), as a derivation from iOS but with a greater emphasis put on multitasking. It was released on September 24, 2019.

watchOS

Main article: watchOS

watchOS is the operating system of the Apple Watch, developed by Apple Inc. It is based on the iOS operating system and has many similar features. It was released on April 24, 2015, along with the Apple Watch, the only device that runs watchOS. It is currently the most widely used wearable operating system. Its features focus on convenience, such as being able to place phone calls and send texts, and health, such as fitness and heart rate tracking.

The most current version of the watchOS operating system is watchOS 8.

Kindle firmware

Main article: Amazon Kindle

Kindle firmware is a mobile operating system specifically designed for Amazon Kindle e-readers. It is based on a custom Linux kernel, however. It is entirely closed-source and proprietary.

HarmonyOS

Main article: HarmonyOS

HarmonyOS is a distributed operating system developed by Huawei that was specifically designed for smartphones, tablets, TVs, smartwatches, smart devices of Huawei brand and its ecosystem. It is based on a proprietary multi-kernel and Linux kernel subsystem. Released officially for smartphones on June 2, 2021, from its initial launch on August 9, 2019, for smart screen TVs. On August 4, 2023, Huawei announces its full stack HarmonyOS NEXT for HarmonyOS that will replace current multi-kernel stack that contains Linux kernel subsystem with APK apps, with only native HarmonyOS apps based on full OpenHarmony source code and user mode. On January 18, 2024, Galaxy Edition version was announced to be used for the next version of HarmonyOS.

Nintendo Switch system software

The Nintendo Switch system software (also known by its codename Horizon) is an updatable firmware and operating system used by the Nintendo Switch hybrid video game console/tablet and Nintendo Switch Lite handheld game console. It is based on a proprietary microkernel. The UI includes a HOME screen, consisting of the top bar, the screenshot viewer ("Album"), and shortcuts to the Nintendo eShop, News, and Settings.

The system itself is based on the Nintendo 3DS system software, additionally the networking stack in the Switch OS is derived at least in part from FreeBSD code while the Stagefright multimedia framework is derived from Android code.

PlayStation Vita system software

The PlayStation Vita system software is the official firmware and operating system for the PlayStation Vita and PlayStation TV video game consoles. It uses the LiveArea as its graphical shell. The PlayStation Vita system software has one optional add-on component, the PlayStation Mobile Runtime Package. The system is built on a Unix-base which is derived from FreeBSD and NetBSD. Due to it capabilities on browsing the internet and multimedia capabilities, it is treat as an gaming tablet or tablet replacement by community and reviewer/publisher.

Windows 10

Main article: Windows 10

Windows 10 (not to be confused with Windows 10 Mobile—see below) is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was released on July 29, 2015, and many editions and versions have been released since then. Just like its predecessors, it was designed to run across multiple Microsoft product such as PCs and Tablets. The Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse-oriented interface and a touchscreen-optimized interface based on available input devices‍—‌particularly on 2-in-1 PCs.

Windows 10 also introduces the universal apps, expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code‍—‌including PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Mixed Reality.

Windows 11

Main article: Windows 11

Windows 11 is a major version of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft that was announced on June 24, 2021, and is the successor to Windows 10, which was released in 2015. Windows 11 was released on October 5, 2021, as a free upgrade via Windows Update for eligible devices running Windows 10.

Microsoft promoted that Windows 11 would have improved performance and ease of use over Windows 10; it features major changes to the Windows shell influenced by the canceled Windows 10X, including a redesigned Start menu, the replacement of its "live tiles" with a separate "Widgets" panel on the taskbar, the ability to create tiled sets of windows that can be minimized and restored from the taskbar as a group, and new gaming technologies inherited from Xbox Series X and Series S such as Auto HDR and DirectStorage on compatible hardware. Internet Explorer is fully replaced by the Blink layout engine-based Microsoft Edge, while Microsoft Teams is integrated into the Windows shell. Microsoft also announced plans to offer support for Android apps to run on Windows 11, with support for Amazon Appstore and manually-installed packages. On March 5, 2024, Microsoft announced that Android apps support will be depreciated on March 5, 2025.

Similar to Windows 10, it was designed to run across multiple Microsoft product such as PCs and Tablets. The Windows user interface was further revised to combine the UI element of both mouse-oriented interface and a touchscreen-optimized interface based into a hybrid UI that combined touch and traditional desktop UI.

Minor proprietary operating systems

Other than the major mobile operating systems from the major tech companies, some companies such as Huami (Amazfit), Huawei, realme, TCL, and Xiaomi have developed their own proprietary RTOSes specifically for their own smartbands and smartwatches that are designed to be power efficient and low battery consumption and are not based on Android or Linux Kernel.

• Proprietary Amazfit OS

Operating System that is primarily designed for their Bip series, however, Huami is currently developing the operating system to run on other company smartwatches as well. (Not to be confused with the Android-based Amazfit OS as both of them sharing the name yet both are based on different operating system, for their Android-based Amazfit OS, kindly refer to the Android section)

• Huawei/Honor Band Operating System

Huawei Band Operating system is an operating system specifically designed and developed by Huawei for their fitness tracker, including smartband series from Honor. (Not to be confused with another RTOS (LiteOS) which was also developed by Huawei.)

• Lenovo RTOS

Proprietary OS develop by Lenovo for their fitness tracker and smartwatch.

• realme Wearable Operating System

A proprietary operating system design to run on realme smartband and smartwatch.

• TCL Wearable Real Time Operating System

A proprietary RTOS powering TCL and Alcatel brand smartband and smartwatch.

• Xiaomi Mi Band Operating System

Proprietary RTOS that is develop by Huami for Xiaomi Mi Band series. (Not to be confused with Xiaomi MIUI for smartwatch which is based on Wear OS)

Discontinued software platforms

Open source

CyanogenMod

Main article: CyanogenMod

CyanogenMod was a custom mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It was a custom ROM that was co-developed by the CyanogenMod community. The OS did not include any proprietary apps unless the user installed them. Due to its open source nature, CyanogenMod allowed Android users who could no longer obtain update support from their manufacturer to continue updating their OS version to the latest one based on official releases from Google AOSP and heavy theme customization. The last version of the OS was CyanogenMod 13 which was based on Android Asus.

On December 24, 2016, CyanogenMod announced on their blog that they would no longer be releasing any CyanogenMod updates. All development moved to LineageOS.

Cyanogen OS

Cyanogen OS was based on CyanogenMod and maintained by Cyanogen Inc; however, it included proprietary apps and it was only available for commercial uses.

Firefox OS

See also: Comparison of Firefox OS devices

Firefox OS (formerly known as "Boot to Gecko" and shortly "B2G") is from Mozilla. It was an open source mobile operating system released under the Mozilla Public License built on the Android Linux kernel and used Android drivers, but did not use any Java-like code of Android.

According to Ars Technica, "Mozilla says that B2G is motivated by a desire to demonstrate that the standards-based open Web has the potential to be a competitive alternative to the existing single-vendor application development stacks offered by the dominant mobile operating systems." In September 2016, Mozilla announced that work on Firefox OS has ceased, and all B2G-related code would be removed from mozilla-central.

MeeGo/Maemo/Moblin

Main articles: MeeGo, Maemo, and Moblin

MeeGo was from non-profit organization The Linux Foundation. It is open source and GPL. At the 2010 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Nokia and Intel both unveiled MeeGo, a mobile operating system that combined Moblin and Maemo to create an open-sourced experience for users across all devices. In 2011 Nokia announced that it would no longer pursue MeeGo in favor of Windows Phone. Nokia announced the Nokia N9 on June 21, 2011, at the Nokia Connection event in Singapore. LG announced its support for the platform. Maemo was a platform developed by Nokia for smartphones and Internet tablets. It is open source and GPL, based on Debian GNU/Linux and draws much of its graphical user interface (GUI), frameworks, and libraries from the GNOME project. It uses the Matchbox window manager and the GTK-based Hildon as its GUI and application framework.

вебОС

Основная статья: вебОС

webOS была разработана компанией Palm. webOS — это мобильная операционная система с открытым исходным кодом, работающая на ядре Linux, первоначально разработанная Palm и выпущенная вместе с Palm Pre . После приобретения HP в 2011 году были представлены два телефона ( Veer и Pre 3 ) и планшет ( TouchPad ) под управлением webOS. 18 августа 2011 года HP объявила о прекращении производства аппаратного обеспечения webOS. но продолжит поддерживать и обновлять программное обеспечение webOS и развивать экосистему webOS. HP выпустила webOS с открытым исходным кодом под названием Open webOS и планирует обновить ее дополнительными функциями. 25 февраля 2013 года HP объявила о продаже webOS компании LG Electronics, которая использовала эту операционную систему для своих «умных» или подключенных к Интернету телевизоров. Однако HP сохранила за собой патенты, лежащие в основе WebOS и облачных сервисов, таких как каталог приложений.

Закрытый исходный код

Если есть

Основная статья: Бада

Платформа Bada (стилизованная под bada; корейский: 바다) представляла собой операционную систему для мобильных устройств, таких как смартфоны и планшетные компьютеры. Его разработала компания Samsung Electronics. Его название происходит от слова «바다 (бада)», что на корейском означает «океан» или «море». Это смартфоны среднего и высокого класса. Сообщается, что для содействия внедрению Bada OS с 2011 года компания Samsung рассматривает возможность выпуска исходного кода под лицензией с открытым исходным кодом и расширения поддержки устройств, включив в нее Smart TV. В июне 2012 года компания Samsung объявила о намерении объединить Bada с проектом Tizen, но тем временем будет использовать собственную операционную систему Bada параллельно с ОС Google Android и Microsoft Windows Phone для своих смартфонов. Все устройства на базе Bada имеют торговую марку Wave, но не все устройства Samsung на базе Android имеют торговую марку Galaxy. 25 февраля 2013 года Samsung объявила, что прекратит разработку Bada и вместо этого перенесет разработку на Tizen. Отчеты об ошибках были окончательно прекращены в апреле 2014 года.

BlackBerryOS

В 1999 году компания Research In Motion выпустила свои первые устройства BlackBerry, обеспечивающие безопасную отправку электронной почты в режиме реального времени на беспроводных устройствах. Такие службы, как BlackBerry Messenger, обеспечивают интеграцию всех сообщений в единый почтовый ящик. В сентябре 2012 года RIM объявила об отправке 200-миллионного смартфона BlackBerry. По состоянию на сентябрь 2014 года насчитывалось около 46 миллионов активных подписчиков услуги BlackBerry. В начале 2010-х годов компания RIM претерпела смену платформы, сменив название компании на BlackBerry Limited и создав новые устройства с использованием новой операционной системы под названием «BlackBerry 10».

Блэкберри 10

Основная статья: BlackBerry 10

BlackBerry 10 (на базе ОС QNX ) от BlackBerry. Как операционная система для смартфонов, она имеет закрытый исходный код и является проприетарной и работает только на телефонах и планшетах производства BlackBerry.

Одна из доминирующих платформ в мире в конце 2000-х годов, ее доля на мировом рынке значительно сократилась к середине 2010-х годов. В конце 2016 года BlackBerry объявила, что продолжит поддерживать эту ОС, пообещав выпустить 10.3.3. Таким образом, BlackBerry 10 не получит никаких серьезных обновлений, поскольку BlackBerry и ее партнеры сосредоточатся больше на разработке своей базы Android.

Системное программное обеспечение Nintendo 3DS

Системное программное обеспечение Nintendo 3DS — это обновляемая операционная система, используемая Nintendo 3DS.

Симбиан

Основная статья: Симбиан

Платформа Symbian была разработана компанией Nokia для некоторых моделей смартфонов. Это проприетарное программное обеспечение, однако оно использовалось компаниями Ericsson (SonyEricsson), Sending и Benq. Выпуск операционной системы был прекращен в 2012 году, хотя упрощенная версия для базовых телефонов все еще разрабатывалась до июля 2014 года. Microsoft официально отказалась от платформы в пользу Windows Phone после приобретения Nokia.

Пальмовая ОС

Основная статья: Palm OS

Palm OS/Garnet OS была разработана компанией Access Co. Это проприетарная система с закрытым исходным кодом. webOS была представлена ​​компанией Palm в январе 2009 года как преемница Palm OS с технологиями Web 2.0, открытой архитектурой и возможностями многозадачности.

Майкрософт

Windows Мобайл

Основная статья: Windows Mobile

Windows Mobile — семейство проприетарных операционных систем Microsoft, предназначенных для бизнес-пользователей и корпоративных пользователей, основанных на Windows CE и первоначально разработанных для Pocket PC устройств (PDA). В 2010 году на смену ему пришел Windows Phone, ориентированный на потребителя.

Версии Windows Mobile выпускались в нескольких редакциях, таких как «Pocket PC Premium», «Pocket PC Professional», «Pocket PC Phone» и «Smartphone» ( Windows Mobile 2003 ) или «Professional», «Standard» и «Classic». ( Виндовс Мобайл 6.0 ). Некоторые версии были только для сенсорного экрана, а некоторые — только для клавиатуры, хотя были случаи, когда поставщикам устройств удавалось внедрить поддержку одного в версию, ориентированную на другую. Функции сотового телефона также поддерживались только в некоторых выпусках. Microsoft начала работу над версией Windows Mobile, которая объединила бы все функции вместе, но она была прервана, и вместо этого они сосредоточились на разработке Windows Phone 7, не имеющей обратной совместимости и предназначенной только для сенсорного экрана.

Windows Телефон

Основная статья: Windows Phone

Windows Phone — это собственная мобильная операционная система, разработанная Microsoft для смартфонов в качестве преемника Windows Mobile и Zune . Windows Phone имеет новый пользовательский интерфейс, ориентированный на сенсорный экран, созданный на основе языка дизайна Metro. Windows Phone была заменена Windows 10 Mobile в 2015 году.

Windows 10 Мобильная

Основная статья: Windows 10 Mobile

Windows 10 Mobile (ранее называвшаяся Windows Phone) была разработана Microsoft. Он был закрытым и проприетарным.

Представленная 15 февраля 2010 года, Windows Phone имела пользовательский интерфейс, вдохновленный языком Microsoft Metro Design Language . Он был интегрирован со службами Microsoft, такими как OneDrive и Office, Xbox Music , Xbox Video , играми Xbox Live и Bing , а также со многими другими службами сторонних производителей, такими как учетные записи Facebook и Google . Устройства Windows Phone производились в основном Microsoft Mobile /Nokia, а также HTC и Samsung.

21 января 2015 года Microsoft объявила, что бренд Windows Phone будет постепенно прекращен и заменен Windows 10 Mobile, что обеспечит более тесную интеграцию и унификацию с аналогом Windows 10 для ПК и предоставит платформу для смартфонов и планшетов с размером экрана до 8 дюймов. .

8 октября 2017 года Microsoft официально объявила, что больше не будет выпускать какие-либо крупные обновления для Windows 10 Mobile. Операционная система была переведена в режим обслуживания, в котором Microsoft предлагала только исправления ошибок и общие улучшения. Windows 10 Mobile не будет получать никаких новых обновлений функций.

18 января 2019 г. Microsoft объявила, что поддержка Windows 10 Mobile прекратится 10 декабря 2019 г., и после этого никаких дополнительных обновлений безопасности не будет выпущено, и что пользователям Windows 10 Mobile следует перейти на телефоны iOS или Android.

Выпущенные версии Windows 10 Mobile были:

• Windows 10 Mobile — версия 1511 (ноябрьское обновление «Порог») — крупное обновление пользовательского интерфейса.
• Windows 10 Mobile — версия 1607 (юбилейное обновление «Redstone 1»)
• Windows 10 Mobile — версия 1703 (обновление создателей «Redstone 2»)
• Windows 10 Mobile — версия 1709 (осеннее обновление Creators)

Windows 8

Основная статья: Windows 8

Windows 8 — основная версия Windows NT операционной системы , разработанная Microsoft . Он был запущен в производство 1 августа 2012 г. и стал доступен для загрузки через MSDN и TechNet 15 августа 2012 г. Спустя почти три месяца после первого выпуска, 26 октября 2012 года он наконец впервые появился в рознице.

операционной системы Windows 8 внесла серьезные изменения в платформу и пользовательский интерфейс с целью улучшить взаимодействие с пользователем на планшетах , где Windows конкурировала с мобильными операционными системами, такими как Android и iOS . В частности, эти изменения включали оптимизированную для сенсорного управления оболочку Windows и стартовый экран на основе языка дизайна Microsoft Metro , интеграцию с онлайн-сервисами, Магазином Windows и новое сочетание клавиш для создания снимков экрана . Многие из этих функций были адаптированы из Windows Phone . В Windows 8 также добавлена ​​поддержка USB 3.0 , расширенного формата , связи ближнего радиуса действия и облачных вычислений , а также новый экран блокировки с часами и уведомлениями и ранее выпущенные « Domino » и « Beauty and a Beat ». Были представлены дополнительные функции безопасности, включая встроенное антивирусное программное обеспечение , интеграцию с фильтрацией фишинга Microsoft SmartScreen и поддержку безопасной загрузки на поддерживаемых устройствах. Это была первая версия Windows, поддерживающая архитектуру ARM под брендом Windows RT . процессоры без PAE , SSE2 и NX В этой версии не поддерживаются .

Windows 8.1

Основная статья: Windows 8.1

Windows 8.1 — это версия Windows NT операционной системы , разработанная Microsoft . Она была выпущена в производство 27 августа 2013 г. и широко выпущена в розничную продажу 17 октября 2013 г., примерно через год после розничного выпуска ее предшественника, а на смену ей пришла Windows 10 29 июля 2015 г. Windows 8.1 стала доступной. для загрузки через MSDN и Technet и доступен в качестве бесплатного обновления для розничных пользователей Windows 8 и Windows RT через Магазин Windows . Серверная была выпущена 18 версия Windows Server 2012 R2 октября 2013 года.

Windows 8.1 была призвана удовлетворить жалобы пользователей и рецензентов Windows 8 при запуске. Усовершенствования включают улучшенный начальный экран , дополнительные представления, дополнительные встроенные приложения, более тесную интеграцию с OneDrive (ранее SkyDrive), Internet Explorer 11 (IE11), унифицированную поисковую систему на базе Bing , восстановление видимой кнопки «Пуск» на панели задач и возможность восстановить предыдущее поведение открытия рабочего стола пользователя при входе в систему вместо стартового экрана.

Доля рынка

Использование

См. также: Доля использования операционных систем § Переход на смартфоны с большей долей и Доля использования веб-браузеров § Переход на смартфоны с большей долей

В 2006 году Android и iOS не существовало, и было продано всего 64 миллиона смартфонов. В первом квартале 2018 года было продано 183,5 миллиона смартфонов, а доля мирового рынка составила 48,9% для Android и 19,1% для iOS. Было продано всего 131 000 смартфонов под управлением других операционных систем, что составило 0,03% продаж.

Согласно статистике использования Интернета StatCounter (прокси-сервер для всех случаев использования), смартфоны (без планшетов) используются большинством во всем мире, а настольные компьютеры используются гораздо реже (и Android, в частности, более популярен, чем Windows). Однако использование варьируется в зависимости от континента: смартфоны более популярны на крупнейших континентах, то есть в Азии, а настольные компьютеры все еще более популярны в некоторых странах, но не в Северной Америке.

Настольные компьютеры по-прежнему популярны во многих странах (хотя в первом квартале 2017 года их доля снизилась до 44,9%). ), смартфоны более популярны даже во многих развитых странах (или скоро станут еще больше). Несколько стран на любом континенте составляют меньшинство настольных компьютеров; В европейских странах (а также в некоторых странах Южной Америки, а также в некоторых странах, например, на Гаити в Северной Америке, а также в большинстве стран Азии и Африки) смартфоны составляют большинство, а в Польше и Турции самые высокие показатели — 57,68% и 62,33% соответственно. В Ирландии использование смартфонов на 45,55% превышает количество пользователей настольных компьютеров, а мобильные устройства в целом получают большинство, если включить долю планшетов в 9,12%. Испания также представляет собой небольшое меньшинство среди настольных компьютеров.

Диапазон измеренного использования мобильного Интернета сильно различается в зависимости от страны, и в пресс-релизе StatCounter признается, что «Индия входит в число мировых лидеров по использованию мобильных устройств для серфинга в Интернете». (крупных стран), где доля составляет около (или более) 80% и настольные компьютеры — 19,56%, за ней следует Россия с 17,8% использования мобильных устройств (остальное — настольные компьютеры).

Смартфоны (отдельно, без планшетов) впервые получили большинство в декабре 2016 года (большинство настольных компьютеров было потеряно месяцем ранее), и это не было рождественской счастливой случайностью, поскольку в марте 2017 года снова появилось большинство, после того как смартфоны были близки к большинству.

На неделе с 7 по 13 ноября 2016 г. только смартфоны (без планшетов) впервые (за короткий период; неполный месяц) обогнали десктопы. Мобильное большинство применяется к таким странам, как Парагвай в Южной Америке, Польша в Европе и Турция; и большая часть Азии и Африки. В некоторых странах мира по-прежнему преобладают настольные компьютеры, например, в США — 54,89% (но не всегда). Однако на некоторых территориях США , например в Пуэрто-Рико , настольных компьютеров намного меньше большинства: Windows менее чем на 30% уступает Android.

22 октября 2016 г. (и в последующие выходные) мобильные устройства показали большинство. С 27 октября рабочий стол не показывал большинство даже в будние дни. С 23 декабря до конца года одни только смартфоны преобладали, а к Рождеству их доля достигла 58,22%. К «мобильной» доле большинства смартфонов можно было бы добавить планшеты, дающие большинство в 63,22%. Несмотря на необычно высокий максимум, аналогичный максимум произошел и в понедельник, 17 апреля 2017 года, тогда только доля смартфонов была немного ниже, а доля планшетов — немного выше, а их совокупная доля составила 62,88%.

Согласно пресс-релизу StatCounter от 1 ноября 2016 г. , мир превратился в настольное меньшинство; около 49% использования настольных компьютеров в предыдущем месяце, но мобильные устройства не заняли более высокого места, к ним пришлось добавить долю планшетов, чтобы превысить долю настольных компьютеров. К настоящему времени мобильные устройства (смартфоны) составляют абсолютное большинство, значительно превосходя численность настольных компьютеров/ноутбуков (и отсутствие учета планшетов с настольными компьютерами делает их наиболее популярными).

По операционной системе

Примечания:

1. Windows включает все версии.
2. BlackBerry включает все версии.
3. «Другое» включает в себя все остальные операционные системы для смартфонов, но не операционные системы для обычных телефонов.

Исходные данные смотрите в таблице ниже.

Gartner: Мировые продажи смартфонов (тыс. единиц)

Четверть	Андроид	iOS	БхарОС	Окна	Ежевика	Симбиан	Другой	Всего смартфонов	Всего телефонов
2019 Q3	327,216	38,522	2,170	–	–	–	956	367,908	н/д
1 квартал 2018 г.	329,313	54,058	23,000	–	–	–	131	383,503	н/д
2017 Q4				–	–	–			н/д
2017 Q3				–	–	–			н/д
2017 кв. 2	321,188	44,314		–	–	–	733	366,234	н/д
1 квартал 2017 г.	327,164	51,993		–	–	–	821	379,977	н/д
2016 Q4	352,670	77,039		1,092	208	–	530	431,539	н/д
2016 Q3	327,674	43,000		1,484	378	–	756	373,292	н/д
2 квартал 2016 г.	296,912	44,395		1,971	400	–	681	344,359	н/д
1 квартал 2016 г.	293,771	51,630		2,400	660	–	791	349,251	н/д
2015 Q4	325,394	71,526		4,395	907	–	887	403,109	н/д
2015 Q3	298,797	46,062		5,874	977	–	1,133	352,844	477,898
2 квартал 2015 г.	271,010	48,086		8,198	1,153	–	1,229	329,676	445,758
1 квартал 2015 г.	265,012	60,177		8,271	1,325	–	1,268	336,054	457,273
2014 Q4	279,058	74,832		10,425	1,734	–	1,286	367,334	460,261
2014 Q3	254,354	38,187		9,033	2,420	–	1,310	305,384	461,064
2 квартал 2014 г.	243,484	35,345		8,095	2,044	–	2,044	290,384	444,190
1 квартал 2014 г.	227,549	43,062		7,580	1,714	–	1,371	281,637	448,966
2013 Q4	219,613	50,224		8,534	1,807	–	1,994	282,171	490,342
2013 Q3	205,023	30,330		8,912	4,401	458	1108	250,232	455,642
2 квартал 2013 г.	177,898	31,900		7,408	6,180	631	1310	225,326	435,158
1 квартал 2013 г.	156,186	38,332		5,989	6,219	1,349	1971	210,046	425,822
2012 Q4	144,720	43,457		6,186	7,333	2,569	3397	207,662	472,076
2012 Q3	122,480	23,550		4,058	8,947	4,405	5739	169,179	427,730
2 квартал 2012 г.	98,529	28,935		4,087	7,991	9,072	5072	153,686	419,008
1 квартал 2012 г.	81,067	33,121		2,713	9,939	12,467	5085	144,392	419,108
2011 Q4	75,906	35,456		2,759	13,185	17,458	4278	149,042	476,555
2011 Q3	60,490	17,295		1,702	12,701	19,500	3497	115,185	440,502
2 квартал 2011 г.	46,776	19,629		1,724	12,652	23,853	3107	107,740	428,661
1 квартал 2011 г.	36,350	16,883		2,582	13,004	27,599	3357	99,775	427,846
2010 Q4	30,801	16,011		3,419	14,762	32,642	3515	101,150	452,037
2010 Q3	20,544	13,484		2,204	12,508	29,480	2912	81,133	417,086
2 квартал 2010 г.	10,653	8,743		3,059	11,629	25,387	2588	62,058	367,987
1 квартал 2010 г.	5,227	8,360		3,696	10,753	24,068	2,403	54,506	359,605
2009 Q4	4,043	8,676		4,203	10,508	23,857	2,517	53,804	347,103
2009 Q3	1,425	7,040		3,260	8,523	18,315	2,531	41,093	308,895
2 квартал 2009 г.	756	5,325		3,830	7,782	20,881	2,398	40,972	286,122
1 квартал 2009 г.	575	3,848		3,739	7,534	17,825	2,986	36,507	269,120
2008 Q4	639	4,079		4,714	7,443	17,949	3,319	38,143	314,708
2008 Q3	–	4,720		4,053	5,800	18,179	3,763	36,515	308,532
2 квартал 2008 г.	–	893		3,874	5,594	18,405	3,456	32,221	304,722
1 квартал 2008 г.	–	1,726		3,858	4,312	18,400	4,113	32,408	294,283
2007 Q4	–	1,928		4,374	4,025	22,903	3,536	36,766	330,055
2007 Q3	–	1,104		4,180	3,192	20,664	3,612	32,752	291,142
2 квартал 2007 г.	–	270		3,212	2,471	18,273	3,628	27,855	272,604
1 квартал 2007 г.	–	–		2,931	2,080	15,844	4,087	24,943	259,039

Исходные данные см. в таблице ниже.

IDC: Поставки смартфонов по всему миру (в миллионах единиц)

Четверть	Андроид	iOS	Окна	Ежевика	Симбиан	Другой	Общий
1 квартал 2017 г.	292.7	50.6	0.34	–	–	0.34	344.3
2016 Q4	318.3	71.2	0.78	–	–	0.78	391.0
2016 Q3	315.3	45.4	0.9	–	–	1.6	363.2
2 квартал 2016 г.	302.7	40.4	1.4	–	–	1.0	345.5
1 квартал 2016 г.	291.3	53.8	2.79	–	–	1.40	349.3
2015 Q4	291.7	68.5	4.40	–	–	1.83	366.4
2015 Q3	329.04	46.70	14.67	–	–	3.94	394.35
2 квартал 2015 г.	282.76	47.3	8.8	1.02	–	1.37	341.5
1 квартал 2015 г.	260.8	61.2	9.03	1.00	–	2.34	334.4
2014 Q4	289.1	74.5	10.70	1.40	–	1.80	377.5
2014 Q3	283.0	39.2	9.72	1.68	–	2.00	335.0
2 квартал 2014 г.	255.3	35.2	7.4	1.5	–	1.9	301.3
1 квартал 2014 г.	234.1	43.8	7.2	1.4	–	2.0	288.3
2013 Q4	226.1	51.0	8.8	1.7	–	2.0	289.6
2013 Q3	211.6	33.8	9.5	4.5	–	1.7	261.1
2 квартал 2013 г.	187.4	31.2	8.7	6.8	0.5	1.8	236.4
1 квартал 2013 г.	162.1	37.4	7.0	6.3	1.2	2.2	216.2
2012 Q4	159.8	47.8	6.0	7.4	2.7	4.1	227.8
2012 Q3	136.0	26.9	3.6	7.7	4.1	2.8	181.1
2 квартал 2012 г.	104.8	26.0	5.4	7.4	6.8	3.6	154.0
1 квартал 2012 г.	89.9	35.1	3.3	9.7	10.4	3.9	152.3
2011 Q4	83.4	36.3	2.4	12.8	18.3	4.6	157.8
2011 Q3	67.7	16.3	1.4	11.3	17.3	4.0	118.1
2 квартал 2011 г.	50.8	20.4	2.5	12.5	18.3	3.9	108.4
1 квартал 2011 г.	36.7	18.6	2.6	13.8	26.4	3.5	101.6

См. также

• Сравнение мобильных операционных систем – Сравнение операционных систем
• Сравнение программного обеспечения спутниковой навигации
• Информационное устройство - мобильное устройство, способное обрабатывать информацию.
• Список мобильных телефонов с открытым исходным кодом
• Мобильное устройство – небольшое портативное вычислительное устройство.
• Сетевая операционная система - компьютерное программное обеспечение для работы в локальных сетях.
• Операционная система – программное обеспечение, которое управляет аппаратными ресурсами компьютера.
• Операционная система реального времени - компьютерная операционная система для приложений с критическими временными ограничениями.
• Смартфон – портативное мобильное устройство.
• Программный агент - Компьютерная программа, действующая от имени пользователя.
• Планшетный компьютер - мобильный компьютер со встроенным дисплеем, схемами и аккумулятором.
• Доля использования операционных систем – относительное внедрение операционных систем на рынке.

Внешние ссылки

• Андроид
• Яблоко
• Обновите свою мобильную операционную систему