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Shapsug dialect

(Redirected from Shapsug Adyghe dialect)
Shapsug Adyghe
шапсыгъабзэ
Native toRepublic of Adygea, Turkey, Israel (Kfar Kama), Jordan
EthnicityShapsugs
Native speakers
14,000 (2010)
Cyrillic script (historically)
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologshap1240

The Shapsug dialect (Adyghe: Шапсыгъабзэ; Kabardian: Шапсыгъэбзэ) is a dialect of Adyghe.[1] The Shapsug dialect is spoken by the Shapsugs, which are one of the largest Circassian population in the diaspora outside Republic of Adygea, alongside Abzakhs. The Shapsug dialect is very similar to the Natukhai dialect and together, they make the Black Sea coast dialects of Adyghe. The Shapsug dialect consists of three main sub dialects: Great Shapsug (North Shapsug), Small Shapsug (South Shapsug) and Hakuchi. The Shapsug dialect is best known as the dialect with palatalized velar stops.

Subdialects

[edit]
The black sea coast Adyghe dialects family tree.
  • The Black Sea coast dialects
    • Natukhai dialect (Adyghe: Нэтӏхъуаджэбзэ)
    • Shapsug dialect (Adyghe: Шапсыгъабзэ)
      • North Shapsugs, Great Shapsugs, Kuban Shapsugs dialect (Шапсыгъэ шху).
      • South Shapsugs, Small Shapsugs, Coastal Shapsugs Black Sea Shapsugs (Шапсыгъэ-цӏыкӏу) dialect.
    • Hakuchi dialect (ХьакӀуцубзэ, Къарацхаибзэ)

Phonology

[edit]
LabialAlveolarPost-alveolarAlveolo-
palatal		RetroflexVelarUvularPharyngealGlottal
plainlab.lat.plainlab.plainlab.pal.plainlab.plainlab.
Plosivevoicelessptkʷkʲqqʷʔʔʷ
voicedbdɡʷɡʲ
ejectivepʼtʼtʷʼkʷʼkʲʼ
Affricatevoicelesst͡st͡ʃt͡ʃʷ
voicedd͡zd͡ʒ
ejectivet͡sʼt͡ʃʼ
Fricativevoicelessfsɬʃʃʷɕʂx~h̪͆χχʷħ
voicedzʒʒʷʑʐɣʁʁʷ
ejectivesʼɬʼʃʼʃʷʼ
Nasalmn
Approximantljw
Trillr

Palatalized velar stops

[edit]

In the Shapsug and Natukhai dialects there is a palatalized voiced velar stop [ɡʲ] ⟨гь⟩, a palatalized voiceless velar stop [kʲ] ⟨кь⟩ and a palatalized velar ejective [kʲʼ] ⟨кӏь⟩ that were merged with дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in most Adyghe dialects.[2][3][4][5] Note that the Shapsug dialect also has ч [t͡ʃ], дж [d͡ʒ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in words like чэмы "cow", джэмышх "spoon" and кӏалэ "boy".

  • Shapsug гь [ɡʲ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in other dialects:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
shirtгьанэɡʲaːnaджанэdʒaːnaджанэdʒaːna
pantsгъошэгьʁʷaʃaɡʲгъончэджʁʷant͡ʃad͡ʒгъуэншэджʁʷanʃad͡ʒ
nowгьыɡʲəджыdʒəджыdʒə
fur coatгьэдыгуɡʲadəɡʷджэдыгуdʒadəɡʷджэдыгуdʒadəɡʷ
to study
to read		егьэнjaɡʲanеджэнjadʒanеджэнjadʒan
gameгьэгуɡʲagʷджэгуd͡ʒagʷджэгуd͡ʒagʷ
bitterдыгьыdəɡʲəдыджыdəd͡ʒəдыджdəd͡ʒ
sickсымагьэsəmaːɡʲaсымаджэsəmaːd͡ʒaсымаджэsəmaːd͡ʒa
boldшъхьэгьашъоʂħaɡʲaːʃʷaшъхьэджашъоʂħad͡ʒaːʃʷa
evilбзагьэbzaːɡʲaбзаджэbzaːd͡ʒaбзаджэbzaːd͡ʒa
that's itгьарыɡʲaːrəджарыd͡ʒaːrəджарыd͡ʒaːrə
noonщэгьагъоɕaɡʲaːʁʷaщэджагъоɕad͡ʒaːʁʷaшэджагъуэʃad͡ʒaːʁʷa
infidelгьаурɡʲaːwərджаурd͡ʒaːwərджаурd͡ʒaːwər
to stand upтэгьынtaɡʲənтэджынtad͡ʒənтэджынtad͡ʒən
danceугьwəɡʲуджwəd͡ʒуджwəd͡ʒ
  • Shapsug кь [kʲ] became ч [t͡ʃ] in other dialects:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
swordкьатэkʲaːtaчатэt͡ʃaːtaджатэd͡ʒaːta
throatкьыйkʲəjчыйt͡ʃəjчийt͡ʃəj
chickenкьэтkʲatчэтыt͡ʃatəджэдd͡ʒad
chickкьэтжъыеkʲatʐəjaчэтыжъыеt͡ʃatəʐəjaджэджьейd͡ʒadʑej
catкьэтыуkʲatəwчэтыуt͡ʃatəwджэдыуd͡ʒadəw
glassапкьʔaːpkʲапчʔaːpt͡ʃабджʔaːbd͡ʒ
brushwoodкьыkʲəчыt͡ʃəчыt͡ʃə
crackкьэkʲaчэt͡ʃaчэt͡ʃa
to crackкьэнkʲənчэнt͡ʃənчэнt͡ʃən
shopтукьанtəkʲaːnтучанtət͡ʃaːnтучанtət͡ʃaːn
goatlingкьэцӏыkʲat͡sʼəчэцӏыt͡ʃat͡sʼə
gateкьэупчъkʲawəpt͡ɕчэупчъt͡ʃawəpt͡ʂчоубжэt͡ʃawbdʒa
marriageнэкьыхьnakʲəħнэчыхьnat͡ʃəħнэчыхьnat͡ʃəħ
cheerfulкьэфыkʲafəчэфыt͡ʃafəджэхуd͡ʒaxʷ
hovelкьылkʲəlчылt͡ʃəɮчылt͡ʃəɮ
humming topкьынэkʲənaчынэt͡ʃənaчынt͡ʃən
to spinгъэкьэрэзынʁakʲarazənгъэчэрэзынʁat͡ʃrazənгъэджэрэзынʁad͡ʒarazən
to pick (fruit)пыкьынpəkʲənпычынpət͡ʃənпычынpət͡ʃən
to tear (paper)кьэтхъэнkʲatχanчэтхъэнt͡ʃatχanзэфӏэтхъынzafʼatχən
  • Shapsug кӏь [kʲʼ] became кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
tailкӏьэkʲʼaкӏэt͡ʃʼaкӏэt͡ʃʼa
eggкӏьакӏьэkʲʼaːkʲʼaкӏэнкӏэt͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼaджэдыкӏэd͡ʒadət͡ʃʼa
skirtкӏьэпхынkʲʼapxənкӏэпхынt͡ʃʼapxənкӏэпхынt͡ʃʼapxən
Temirgoyкӏьэмгуеkʲʼamɡʷəjaкӏэмгуеt͡ʃʼamɡʷəjaкӏэмгуеt͡ʃʼamɡʷəja
smithyкӏьыщkʲʼəɕкӏыщt͡ʃʼəɕкӏыщt͡ʃʼəɕ
ceilingкӏьашъоkʲʼaːʃʷaкӏашъоt͡ʃʼaːʃʷaкӏафэt͡ʃʼaːfa
ropeкӏьапсэkʲʼaːpsaкӏапсэt͡ʃʼaːpsaкӏапсэt͡ʃʼaːpsa
edgeцакӏьэt͡saːkʲʼaцакӏэt͡saːt͡ʃʼaдзакӏэd͡zaːt͡ʃʼa
to screamкӏьыинkʲʼəjənкӏыинt͡ʃʼəjənкӏыинt͡ʃʼəjən
gunкӏьэрахъоkʲʼaraːχʷaкӏэрахъоt͡ʃʼaraːχʷaкӏэрахъуэt͡ʃʼaraːχʷa
longкӏьэхьыkʲʼaħəкӏыхьэt͡ʃʼəħaкӏыхьt͡ʃʼəħ
shortкӏьакоkʲʼaːkʷaкӏакоt͡ʃʼaːkʷaкӏагуэt͡ʃʼaːɡʷa
to killукӏьынwkʲʼənукӏынwt͡ʃʼənукӏынwt͡ʃʼən
to move awayӏукӏьынʔʷəkʲʼənӏукӏынʔʷət͡ʃʼənӏукӏынʔʷət͡ʃʼən
keyӏукӏьыбзэʔʷəkʲʼəbzaӏункӏыбзэʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbzaӏункӏыбзʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbz
day after tomorrowнэущымыщкӏьnawɕəməʃkʲʼнеущымыкӏnajwɕəmət͡ʃʼпщэдейpɕadaj
to winkенэкӏьэонjanakʲʼawanенэкӏэонjanat͡ʃʼawanенэкӏэуэнjanat͡ʃʼawan
beardжакӏьэʒaːkʲʼaжакӏэʒaːt͡ʃʼaжьакӏэʑaːt͡ʃʼa
poorтхьэмыщкӏьtħaməɕkʲʼтхьамыкӏtħaːmət͡ʃʼтхьэмыщкӏэtħaməɕt͡ʃʼa
to be ashamedукӏьытэнwəkʲʼətanукӏытэнwət͡ʃʼətanукӏытэнwət͡ʃʼətan

Retroflex affricates

[edit]

The retroflex affricate consonants чъ [ʈʂ] and чӏ [ʈʂʼ] (that exist in Chemguy and Bzhedug dialects) merged with the palato-alveolar affricate consonants ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in the Shapsug and Natukhai dialects.[6]

  • Chemguy чъ [ʈʂ] became ч [t͡ʃ] in Shapsug :
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
treeчыгt͡ʃəɣчъыгыʈʂəɣəжыгʒəɣ
to sleepчыенt͡ʃəjanчъыенʈʂəjanжыенʒəjan
coldчыӏэt͡ʃəʔaчъыӏэʈʂəʔaщӏыӏэɕʼəʔa
to runчэнt͡ʃanчъэнʈʂanжэнʒan
to run downечэхынjat͡ʃaxənечъэхынjaʈʂaxənежэхынjaʒaxən
goatачэaːt͡ʃaачъэaːʈʂaажэaːʒa
numberпчагъэpt͡ʃaːʁaпчъагъэpʈʂaːʁaбжагъэbʒaːʁa
doorпчэpt͡ʃaпчъэpʈʂaбжэbʒa
door handleпчэпсыpt͡ʃapsəпчъэпсыpʈʂapsəбжэпсыbʒapsə
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
stands underкӏэтt͡ʃʼatчӏэтʈʂʼatщӏэтɕʼat
sits underкӏэсt͡ʃʼasчӏэсʈʂʼasщӏэсɕʼas
lies underкӏэлъt͡ʃʼaɬчӏэлъʈʂʼaɬщӏэлъɕʼaɬ
areaкӏыпӏэt͡ʃʼəpʼaчӏыпӏэʈʂʼəpʼaщӏыпӏэɕʼəpʼa
debtкӏыфэt͡ʃʼəfaчӏыфэʈʂʼəfaщӏыхуэɕʼəxʷa
earthкӏыгуt͡ʃʼəɡʷчӏыгуʈʂʼəɡʷщӏыгуɕʼəɡʷ
bottomкӏэt͡ʃʼaчӏэʈʂʼaщӏэɕʼa
strong, forceкӏуакӏэkʷʼaːt͡ʃʼaкӏуачӏэkʷʼaːʈʂʼaкӏуащӏэkʷʼaːɕʼa
ironгъукӏыʁʷət͡ʃʼəгъучӏыʁʷəʈʂʼəгъущӏыʁʷəɕʼə
dawкъуакӏэqʷaːt͡ʃʼaкъуанчӏэqʷaːnʈʂʼaкъуанщӏэqʷaːnɕʼa
bumblebeeкӏыбжьt͡ʃʼəbʑчӏыбжьʈʂʼəbʑщӏыбжьɕʼəbʑ
badgerкӏыкъоt͡ʃʼəqʷaчӏыкъуʈʂʼəqʷщӏыкъуɕʼəqʷ
darkкӏапсӏэt͡ʃʼaːpsʼaчӏапцӏэʈʂʼaːpt͡sʼaщӏапцӏэɕʼaːpt͡sʼa
to askупкӏэнwəpt͡ʃʼanупчӏэнwəpʈʂʼanупщӏэнwəpɕʼan
gem, jewelмыкӏыmət͡ʃʼəмычӏыməʈʂʼəмыщӏыməɕʼə
clewхъукӏанэχʷət͡ʃʼaːnaхъучӏанэχʷəʈʂʼaːnaхъущӏанэχʷəɕʼaːna
to buryкӏэтӏэнt͡ʃʼatʼanчӏэтӏэнʈʂʼatʼanщӏэтӏэнɕʼatʼan

Dropped consonants

[edit]

In the Great Shapsug dialect (Like Bzhedug dialect) in some cases the consonants н [n], м [m] and р [r] are dropped and are not pronounced.[7]

MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
calmсабырsaːbərсамбырsaːmbərсамбырsaːmbər
Saturdayшэбэтʃabatшэмбэтʃambatщэбэтɕabat
fingerӏэпхъабэʔapχaːbaӏэхъуамбэʔaχʷaːmbaӏэпхъуамбэʔapχʷaːmba
toeлъэпхъабэɬapχaːbaлъэхъуамбэɬaχʷaːmbaлъэпхъуамбэɬapχʷaːmba
wideшъуабгъоʃʷaːbʁʷaшъуамбгъоʃʷaːmbʁʷaфабгъуэfaːbʁʷa
peelшъуапӏэʃʷaːpʼaшъуампӏэʃʷaːmpʼaфампӏэfaːmpʼa
boardпхъэбгъуpχabʁʷпхъэмбгъуpχambʁʷпхъэбгъуpχabʁʷ
wormхьэблыуħabləwхьамлыуħaːmɮəwхьэмбылыуħambəɮəw
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
eggкӏьакӏьэkʲʼaːkʲʼaкӏэнкӏэt͡ʃant͡ʃaджэдыкӏэd͡ʒadət͡ʃʼa
sweatпкӏатӏэpt͡ʃʼaːtʼaпкӏантӏэpt͡ʃʼaːntʼaпщӏантӏэpɕʼaːntʼa
broomпхъэкӏыпхъэpχat͡ʃʼəpχaпхъэнкӏыпхъэpχant͡ʃʼəpχaжыхапхъэʒəxaːpχa
mudпсыжъыpsəʐəпсынжъыpsənʐə
flue pipeоджэкъwad͡ʒaqонджэкъwand͡ʒaq
riceпыджpəd͡ʒпынджpənd͡ʒпынжьpənʑ
pillowшъхьатэʂħaːtaшъхьантэʂħaːntaщхьэнтэɕħanta
beanгьэчɡʲat͡ʃджэнчыd͡ʒant͡ʃəджэшd͡ʒaʃ
pantsгъочэгьʁʷaʃaɡʲгъончэджʁʷant͡ʃad͡ʒгъуэншэджʁʷanʃad͡ʒ
fastпсыкӏэpsət͡ʃʼaпсынкӏэpsənt͡ʃʼaпсынщӏэpsənɕʼa
shovelхьацэħaːt͡saхьанцэħaːnt͡saхьэнцэħant͡sa
blueшъухъуатӏэʃʷχʷaːtʼaшхъуантӏэʃχʷaːntʼaшхъуантӏэʃχʷaːntʼa
keyӏукӏьыбзэʔʷəkʲʼəbzaӏункӏыбзэʔʷənt͡ʃəbzaӏункӏыбзэʔʷənt͡ʃəbza
veinлъытфэɬətfaлъынтфэɬəntfaлъынтхуэɬəntxʷa
heavyотэгъуwataʁʷонтэгъуwantaʁʷуэндэгъуwandaʁʷ
kneeлъэгуаджэɬaɡʷaːd͡ʒaлъэгуанджэɬaɡʷaːnd͡ʒaлъэгуажьэɬaɡʷaːʑa
butterflyхьэтӏрэпӏыйħatˈrapˈəjхьэнтӏэрэпӏыйħantˈarapˈəjхьэндырабгъуэħandəraːbʁʷa
noiseжъотʒʷatжъонтʒʷant
peanutsчӏыдэt͡ʃʼədaчӏындэt͡ʃʼəndaщӏыдэɕʼəda
wrongпхэджpxad͡ʒпхэнджpxand͡ʒпхэнжpxandʒ
chairпхъэтӏэкӏуpχatʼakʷʼпхъэнтӏэкӏуpχantʼakʷʼпхъэнтӏэкӏуpχantʼakʷʼ
slimгъолагъэʁʷalaːʁaгъонлагъэʁʷanɮaːʁa--
to crawlцӏэлъэнt͡sʼaɬanцӏэнлъэнt͡sʼanɬan--
to looseлэлэнɮaɮanлэнлэнɮanɮanлэлэнɮaɮan
to spitужъутхэнwəʒʷətxanужъунтхэнwəʒʷəntxanубжьытхэнwəbʑətxan
to loadузэдынwəzadənузэндынwəzandənузэдынwəzadən
glueпцатхьэpt͡saːtħaпцантхьэpt͡saːntħa--
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
cornнатыфnaːtəfнатрыфnaːtrəfнартыхуnaːrtəxʷ
Nartнатnaːtнартnaːrtнартnaːrt
genderфыкъоfəqʷaфыркъоfərqʷaхукхъуэxʷərqχʷa
marjмаджmaːd͡ʒмарджmaːrd͡ʒмаржmaːrʒ
to crushпӏытӏынpʼətʼənпӏыртӏынpʼərtʼən
to ripenтӏыгъонtʼəʁʷanтӏыргъонtʼərʁʷanтӏыгъуэнtʼəʁʷan
frogхьантӏыкъуакъуħaːntʼəqʷaːqʷхьантӏаркъуħaːntʼarqʷхьэндыркъуакъуэħandərqʷaːqʷa

Aspirated consonants

[edit]

In the Shapsug dialect (Like the Bzhedug dialect) there exist a series of aspirated consonants (/pʰ/ /tʰ/ /ʃʰ/ /t͡sʰ/ /t͡ʃʰ/ /t͡ʂʰ/ /t͡ɕʰʷ/ /kʲʰ/ /kʰʷ/ /qʰ/ /qʰʷ/) that became plain consonants in other dialects:[8][9]

  • Shapsug пʰ [pʰ] ↔ п [p] in other dialects :
WordAdygheKabardian
ShapsugTemirgoy and Abzakh
IPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillic
sharppʰaːpsʼaпʰапсӏэpaːpt͡sʼaпапцӏэpaːpsʼapaːpt͡sʼa
arrogantpʰaːɣaⓘпʰагэpaːɣaпагэpaːɣaпагэ
nosepʰaⓘпʰэpaпэpaпэ
  • Shapsug тʰ [tʰ] ↔ т [t] in other dialects :
WordAdygheKabardian
ShapsugTemirgoy and Abzakh
IPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillic
respectpχaːtʰaⓘпхъатʰэpχaːtaпхъатэ--
to givejatʰənетʰынjatənетынjatənетын
to takeʃtʰanштʰэнʃtanштэнɕtanщтэн
ontʰajtтʰетtajtтетtatтет
smootht͡sʼaːʂʷtʰaцӏашъутʰэt͡sʼaːʃʷtaцӏашъутэt͡sʼaːftaцӏафтэ
to afraidɕtʰanщтʰэнɕtanщтэнɕtanщтэн
pillowʂħaːntʰaⓘшъхьантʰэʂħaːntaшъхьантэɕħaːtaщхьатэ
  • Shapsug цʰ [t͡sʰ] ↔ ц [t͡s] in other dialects :
WordAdygheKabardian
ShapsugTemirgoy and Abzakh
IPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillic
woolt͡sʰəⓘцʰыt͡səцыt͡səцы
eyelashnabzət͡sʰнэбзыцʰnabzət͡sнэбзыц--
  • Shapsug шʰ [ʃʰ] ↔ щ [ɕ] in other Adyghe dialects :
WordAdygheKabardian
ShapsugTemirgoy and Abzakh
IPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillic
milkʃʰaⓘшʰэɕaщэʃaшэ
lameɬaːʃʰaⓘлъашʰэɬaːɕaлъащэɬaːʃaлъашэ
saltʃʰəʁʷⓘшʰыгъуɕəʁʷщыгъуʃəʁʷшыгъу
cloudpʃʰaпшʰэpɕaпщэpʃaпшэ
pusʃʰənəⓘшʰыныɕənəщыныʃənшын
accordionpʃʰənaⓘпшʰынэpɕənaпщынэpʃənaпшынэ
fatpʃʰarəⓘпшʰэрыpɕarəпщэрыpʃarпшэр
waxʃʰafəⓘшʰэфыʃafəшэфыʃaxʷəшэху
horseʃʰəшʰыʃəшыʃəшы
sandpʃʰaːχʷaⓘпшʰахъоpʃaːχʷaпшахъоpʃaːχʷaпшахъуэ
storypʃʰəsaⓘпшʰысэpʃəsaпшысэpʃəsaпшысэ
WordAdygheKabardian
ShapsugTemirgoy and Abzakh
IPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillic
spleenkʲʰaкьʰэt͡ʃaчэt͡ʃaчэ
brushwood
twig		kʲʰəкьʰыt͡ʃəчыt͡ʃəчы
to coughpskʲʰanпскьʰэнpst͡ʃanпсчэнpst͡ʃanпсчэн
  • Shapsug кʰу [kʰʷ] ↔ ку [kʷ] in other dialects :
WordAdygheKabardian
ShapsugTemirgoy and Abzakh
IPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillic
middlekʰʷəⓘкʰуkʷəкуkʷəку
thighkʰʷaⓘкʰоkʷaкоkʷaкуэ
  • Shapsug къʰ [qʰ] ↔ къ [q] in other Adyghe dialects :
WordAdygheKabardian
ShapsugKfar KamaNatukhaiTemirgoy and Abzakh
IPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillic
graveqʰaⓘкъʰэχaхъэq͡χaкхъэqaкъэq͡χaкхъэ
  • Shapsug къуʰ [qʰʷ] ↔ къу [qʷ] in other Adyghe dialects :
WordAdygheKabardian
ShapsugKfar KamaNatukhaiTemirgoy and Abzakh
IPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillic
pigqʰʷaⓘкъʰоχʷaхъоq͡χʷaкхъоqʷaкъоq͡χʷaкхъуэ
cheeseqʰʷaːjaкъʰуаеχʷaːjaхъуаеq͡χʷaːjaкхъуаеqʷaːjaкъуаеq͡χʷajкхъуей
shipqʰʷaħкъʰохьχʷaħхъохь--qʷəħaкъухьэq͡χʷəħкхъухь
to fartqaqʰʷəʃʷənкъэкъʰунqʷaχʷəʃʷənкъэхъушъун--qʷaqʷəʃʷənкъэкъушъунqat͡səfənкъэцыфын
peerqʰʷəʐəкъʰужъыqʷəʐəкъужъы--qʷəʐəкъужъыq͡χʷəʑəкхъужьы
WordAdygheKabardian
ShapsugTemirgoy
IPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillic
jungle/bushy areat͡ɕʰʷənəчъʰуныt͡ʃʷənəцуныfənфын

Others

[edit]

In some Shapsug and Natukhai dialects there exist an alveolar ejective fricative [sʼ] ⟨сӏ⟩ that correspond to [t͡sʼ] ⟨цӏ⟩ in other dialects such as Abzakh, Bzhedug, Temirgoy, and Kabardian.[10]

  • Shapsug сӏ [sʼ] ↔ цӏ [t͡sʼ] in other dialects:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
nameсӏэsʼaцӏэt͡sʼaцӏэt͡sʼa
lieпсӏыpsʼəпцӏыpt͡sʼəпцӏыpt͡sʼə
blackшӏусӏэʃʷʼəsʼaшӏуцӏэʃʷʼət͡sʼaфӏыцӏэfʼət͡sʼa
to yellсӏэсӏэнsʼasʼanцӏэцӏэнt͡sʼat͡sʼanцӏэцӏэнt͡sʼat͡sʼan
nakedпсӏанэpsʼaːnaпцӏанэpt͡sʼaːnaпцӏанэpt͡sʼaːna
wetсӏынэsʼənaцӏынэt͡sʼənaцӏынэt͡sʼəna
sharpпапсӏэpaːpsʼaпапцӏэpaːpt͡sʼaпапцӏэpaːpt͡sʼa
to lay eggsкӏьэсӏынkʲʼəsʼənкӏэцӏынt͡ʃʼət͡sʼənкӏэцӏынt͡ʃʼət͡sʼən
dark-skinnedкъуапсӏэqʷaːpsʼaкъуапцӏэqʷaːpt͡sʼaкъуапцӏэqʷaːpt͡sʼa
nit (louse egg)сӏакӏьэsʼaːkʲʼaцӏакӏэt͡sʼaːt͡ʃʼa--
barefootлъапсӏэɬaːpsʼaлъапцӏэɬaːpst͡sʼaлъапцӏэɬaːpst͡sʼa
swallow (bird)псӏашъухъоpsʼaːʃʷχʷaпцӏашхъоpt͡sʼaːʃχʷaпцӏашхъоpt͡sʼaːɕχʷa
to envyенэсӏынjanasʼənенэцӏынjanat͡sʼənенэцӏынjanat͡sʼən
to close eyesгъэупӏысӏэнʁawpʼəsʼanгъэупӏыцӏэнʁawpʼət͡sʼanгъэупӏыцӏэнʁawpʼət͡sʼan
to throw uponхэупсӏэнxawpsʼanхэупцӏэнxawpt͡sʼanхэупцӏэнxawpt͡sʼan
to shitсӏынsʼənцӏынt͡sʼənцӏынt͡sʼən

The labialized retroflex consonants шъу [ʂʷ] and жъу [ʐʷ] in the Temirgoy dialect are alveolo-palatal щу [ɕʷ] and жьу [ʑʷ] in the Black Sea coast dialects of Adyghe (Shapsug dialect and Natukhai dialect).

  • Shapsug щу [ɕʷ] ↔ шъу [ʂʷ] in Standard:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
honeyщоуɕʷawшъоуʂʷawфоfaw
colorщоɕʷaшъоʂʷaфэfa
  • Shapsug жьу [ʑʷ] ↔ жъу [ʐʷ] in Standard:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
starжьуагъоʑʷaːʁʷaжъуагъоʐʷaːʁʷaвагъуэvaːʁʷa
rockмыжьоməʑʷaмыжъоməʐʷaмывэməva
wideӏужьуʔʷəʑʷəӏужъуʔʷəʐʷəӏувыʔʷəvə

The Shapsug and Natukhai dialects has many different variants. The following differences apply to some of them.

  • Shapsug с [s] ↔ ц [t͡s] in Standard:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
to carry outгъэсэкӏэнʁasat͡ʃʼanгъэцэкӏэнʁat͡sat͡ʃʼanгъэзэщӏэнʁat͡saɕʼan
  • Shapsug шъухъу [ʃʷχʷ] ↔ шхъу [ʃχʷ] in Standard:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
blueшъухъуатӏэʃʷχʷaːtʼaшхъуантнӏэʃχʷaːntʼaшхъуантӏэʃχʷaːntʼa
to envyшъухъогъонʃʷχʷaʁʷanшхъогъонʃχʷaʁʷanшхъогъуэнʃχʷaʁʷan
swallow (bird)псӏашъухъоpsʼaːʃʷχʷaпцӏашхъоpt͡sʼaːʃχʷaпцӏашхъоpt͡sʼaːʃχʷa
hawkбгъашъухъоbʁaːʃʷχʷaбгъашхъоbʁaːʃχʷaбгъащхъуэbʁaːʃχʷa
  • Shapsug р [r] ↔ н [n] in Standard:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
wrongӏортӏагъʔʷartʼaːʁӏонтӏагъʔʷantʼaːʁӏуэнтӏаʔʷantʼa
to pop / to burstпӏэркӏьынpʼarkʲʼənпӏонкӏынpʷʼant͡ʃʼənпӏэнкӏынpʼant͡ʃʼən
mirrorгъургьэʁʷərɡʲaгъунджэʁʷərd͡ʒaгъуджэʁʷəd͡ʒa
  • Shapsug ф [f] ↔ м [m] in Standard:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
to try to smellфэмэнfamanпэмэнpamanпэмэнpaman
raceзэфачэzafaːt͡ʃaзэпачъэzafaːt͡ʂaзэпажэzafaːʒa
  • Shapsug ц [t͡s] ↔ с [s] in Standard:
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
to thrustхицэнxit͡sanхисэнxisanхисэнxisan
be carefulфэцакъfat͡saːqфэсакъfasaːqхуэсакъxʷasaːq
snotпэпцыpapt͡səпэпсыpapsəпэпсыpapsə
thinпцыгъоpt͡səʁʷaпсыгъоpsəʁʷaпсыгъуэpsəʁʷa


Grammar differences

[edit]

Instrumental case

[edit]

In the instrumental case the noun has the suffix -мгьэ (-mɡʲa) or -гьэ (-gʲa) unlike other dialects that has the suffix -мкӏэ (-mt͡ʃa) or -кӏэ (-t͡ʃa).

  • Shapsug: Кӏалэр Адыгэбзэгьэ мэгущаӏэ ↔ Standard: Кӏалэр Адыгэбзэкӏэ мэгущаӏэ - "The boy speaks (using) Adyghe language".
  • Shapsug: Къэлэмымгьэ сэтхэ ↔ Standard: Къэлэмымкӏэ сэтхэ - "I write (using) with the pencil".

Desirement mood

[edit]

In the Shapsug dialect, the suffix ~рагъу /raːʁʷ/ is added to verbs to indicate the desirement to do that verb. For example:

  • Туканым сыкӏорагъу - "I want to go to the shop".
  • Есыпӏэм рэкӏорэгъуагъ - "(S)he wanted to go to the pool".
  • Къэкӏорэгъот кӏалэр - "The boy would want to come".
  • Тутын уешъорагъуа? - "Do you want to smoke cigarette?".
  • Нэущы уздэгущаӏэрагъу - "I want to speak with you tomorrow".
  • Сышхэрагъу игь - "I want to eat now".

Upward prefix

[edit]

In Standard Adyghe, to express that the verb's direction is upward, the prefix дэ- /da-/ and the suffix -е /-ja/ is added to the verb. In Shapsug dialect, the prefix чӏэ- /t͡ʃʼa-/ is added instead.

MeaningStandard AdygheShapsug
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
to go upwardдэкӏоенdakʷʼajanчӏыкӏьынt͡ʃʼəkʲʼən
to run upwardдэчъэенdat͡ʂajanчӏышъутынt͡ʃʼəʃʷtən
to look upwardдэплъыенdapɬəjanчӏыплъынt͡ʃʼəpɬən
to jump upwardдэпкӏыенdapt͡ʃʼəjanчӏыпкӏьынt͡ʃʼəpkʲʼən
to raiseдэщыенdaɕəjanчӏыщынt͡ʃʼəɕən
to carry upwardдэхьыенdaħəjanчӏыхынt͡ʃʼəxən
to fly upwardдэбыбыенdabəbəjanчӏыбыбынt͡ʃʼəbəbən
to throw upwardдедзыенdajd͡zəjanчӏыдзынt͡ʃʼəd͡zən
to shoot upwardдэоенdawajanчӏыунt͡ʃʼəwən
to elevateдэгъэкӏоенdaʁakʷʼajanчӏыгъэкӏьынt͡ʃʼəʁakʲʼən

Demonstratives

[edit]

Shapsug has six demonstratives: а /ʔaː/, гьэ /ɡʲa/, у /wə/, дыу /dəwə/, дымы /dəmə/ and мы /mə/.

а /ʔaː/

  1. that
    а ӏанэ — that table
    а пшъашъэ — that girl
    а кӏалэм еӏо — that boy is saying
  • The determiner 'а' /ʔaː/ refer to a referent that is far away and invisible to both the speaker and the listener(s). It is similar to the English language determiner that, but with the condition that the referent has to be invisible or far away.

у /wə/ (мо /mo/ in other dialects)

  1. that
    у ӏанэ — that table
    у пшъашъэ — that girl
    у кӀалэм еӀо — that boy is saying
  • The determiner 'у' refer to a referent that is visible and in a known distance from both the speaker and the listener(s) (both the speaker and the listener(s) can see the referent). It is similar to the English language determiner that, but with the condition that the referent has to be visible.

мы /mə/

  1. this
    мы ӏанэ — this table
    мы пшъашъэ — this girl
    мы кӀалэм еӀо — this boy is saying
    мы мэгъэ — this year
  • The determiner 'мы' refer to a referent that is close to both the speaker and the listener(s). It is exactly like the English language determiner this.

дыу /dəwə/ (дымо /dəmo/ in other dialects)

  1. that (over there)
    дыу ӏанэ — that table over there
    дыу пшъашъэ — that girl over there
    дыу кӀалэм еӀо — that boy over there is saying
    дыу цӀыфэр улъэгъуа? — Do you see that person over there?
  • The determiner 'дыу' refer to a referent that is visible. This determiner is used when the speaker wants to emphasizes that the object is in his sight, so that the listener(s) will expect the referent to be the thing (s)he looks at. It is usually used to introduce a new referent, for example it can be used to refer to a stranger on the street or to refer to a certain object on the field that is visible. This determiner might be used while pointing one's finger at the people or objects in question.

дымы /dəmə/

  1. this (over here)
    дымы ӏанэ — this table over here
    дымы пшъашъэ — this girl over here
    дымы кӀалэм еӀо — this boy over here is saying
    дымы цӀыфэр улъэгъуа? — Do you see this person over here?
  • The determiner 'дымы' refer to a referent that is visible. This determiner is similar to the determiner дымо. This is used instead of дымо when the referent is very near. Like the determiner дымо, it might be used while pointing one's finger at the referent in question. Even without pointing fingers the listener(s) will expect the referent to be the thing the speaker looks at. It can be used to point on objects in a room for example.

гьэ /gʲa/ (гьэ джэ /d͡ʒa/ in other dialects)

  1. that
    гьэ ӏанэ — that table
    гьэ пшъашъэ — that girl
    гьэ кӏалэм еӏо — that boy is saying
  • The determiner 'гьэ' refer to a referent which is usually invisible. This determiner is used when the referent in the conversation is clear to both the speaker and the listener(s). Someone would use this determiner in order to emphasizes that both he and the listener(s) have the same referent in mind.

У vs. Мо

[edit]
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheKabardian
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
that (abs.)урwərморmawrморmawr
that (erg.)ущwəɕмощmawɕмобыmawbə
using thatущгьэwəɕɡʲaмощкӏэmawɕt͡ʃʼa--
like thatущтэуwəɕtawмощтэуmawɕawмопхуэдэуmawpxʷadaw
that is itуарыwaːrəморыmawrəморашmawraːɕ
thereудэwədaмодэmawdaмодэmawda
thereоуwawмоуmaw--
otherудрэwədraмодрэmawdraмодрэmawdra
thenущгъумwəɕʁʷəmмощгъумmawɕʁʷəm--
like thatущфэдwəɕfadмощфэдmaɕfadмопхуэдmawpxʷad
Sample
[edit]
EnglishShapsugStandard Adyghe
Did you heard how that boy speaks? the one standing there, that is the dialect I referred to. We don't talk like that, the way that person is speaking is like how they speak in Caucasus.у кӏалэр зэрэгущаӏэрэр оӏугъа? удэ ӏутыр, уары диалектэу зыфэсӏуагъагъэр. Тэ ущтэу тыгущаӏэрэп, ур зэрэгущаӏэрэр къэфкъазымгьэ зэрэгущаӏэхэрэмэ яфэд.мо кӏалэр зэрэгущыӏэрэр оӏугъа? модэ ӏутыр, моры диалектэу зыфэсӏуагъагъэр. Тэ мощтэу тыгущыӏэрэп, мор зэрэгущыӏэрэр къэфкъазымкӏэ зэрэгущаӏэхэрэмэ афэд.

Future tense

[edit]

In the Great Shapsug sub dialect (like Bzhedug) the future tense suffix is ~эт (~at) and in some cases ~ыт (~ət) unlike the Small Shapsug sub dialect that has (like Chemirguy) the Suffix ~щт (~ɕt)).

WordAdygheStandard Kabardian
Small ShapsugGreat ShapsugStandard Adyghe
IPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillic
I will gosəkʷʼaɕtсыкӏощтsəkʷʼatсыкӏотsəkʷʼaɕtсыкӏощтsəkʷʼanəwɕсыкӏуэнущ
you will gowəkʷʼaɕtукӏощтwəkʷʼatукӏотwəkʷʼaɕtукӏощтwəkʷʼanəwɕукӏуэнущ
he will gorakʷʼaɕtрэкӏощтrakʷʼatрэкӏотkʷʼaɕtкӏощтkʷʼanəwɕкӏуэнущ
we will gotəkʷʼaɕtтыкӏощтtəkʷʼatтыкӏотtəkʷʼaɕtтыкӏощтdəkʷʼanəwɕдыкӏуэнущ
you (plural) will goʃʷəkʷʼaɕtшъукӏощтʃʷəkʷʼatшъукӏотʃʷəkʷʼaɕtшъукӏощтfəkʷʼanəwɕфыкӏуэнущ
they will gorakʷʼaɕtəxрэкӏощтыхrakʷʼatəxрэкӏотыхkʷʼaɕtəxкӏощтыхjaːkʷʼanəwɕякӏуэнущ

Interrogative words

[edit]

The word "what" in Standard Adyghe is сыд while in Shapsug it is шъыд and from it derives different terms.

WordAdyghe
Great ShapsugSmall Shapsug
IPACyrillicIPACyrillic
whatʂədшъыдsədсыд
whyʂədaːшъыдаsədaːсыда
whenʂədʁʷa, ʂədəjʁʷaшъыдгъо, шъыдигъоsədəjʁʷaсыдигъо
wheneverɕədʁʷaməjшъыдгъомиsədəjʁʷaməjсыдигъоми
soʂtawшъыдэуsədawсыдэу
with whatʂədɡʲaшъыдгьэsədt͡ʃʼaсыдкӏэ
howʂədawɕtawшъыдэущтэуsədawɕtawсыдэущтэу
how muchʂəd fadəjzшъыд фэдизsəd fadəjzсыд фэдиз
how muchʂədəχaːtшъыдыхъат--
alwaysʂədəʁʷəjшъыдгъуиsədəʁʷəjсыдигъуи

Shapsug has two words for "what":

  • шъыд (Refers to an inanimate object, typically tangible).
  • лӏэу (Refers to an inanimate object, typically intangible).

The word "лӏэу" was lost in other Adyghe dialects. In Shapsug, from it derives different terms :

WordShapsugStandard Adyghe
IPACyrillicIPACyrillic
whatɬʼawлӏэуsədсыд
who, whatɬʼawʑəmлӏэужьымsədəmсыдым
what on earth?!ɬʼawəʑлӏэужьsədсыд
what could it be?ɬʼawɕətлӏэужьыщтsədəɕtсыдыщт
with whatɬʼawəʑəɡʲaлӏэужьыгьэsədt͡ʃʼaсыдкӏэ
whateverɬʼawəʑəʁʷaməjлӏэужыгъомиsəd ɬʼawəʑəʁʷaməjсыд лӏэужыгъоми
whateverɬʼawəʑəməjлӏэужьымиsədməjсыдми
whateverɬʼawəʑawлӏэужьэуsədawсыдэу

Shapsugs also have different interrogative words from the word тэ "which":

WordShapsugStandard Adyghe
IPACyrillicIPACyrillic
like whattaɕfadтэщ фэдsəd fadсыд фэд
how muchtaɕ fadəzтэщ фэдизsəd fadəzсыд фэдиз
whentaɕʁʷəmтэщгъумsədəjʁʷaсыдигъо
howtaɕtawтэщтэуsədawɕtawсыдэущтэу
which onetaːrəтарыsədərсыдыр
which onetaɕтэщsədəmсыдым

Location

[edit]
WordShapsugStandard Adyghe
IPACyrillicIPACyrillic
hereməw, məwɡʲaмыу, мыугьэmət͡ʃʼaмыкӏэ
there (visible)waw, wawɡʲaоу, оугьэmot͡ʃʼaмокӏэ
there (invisible)aːw, aːwɡʲaау, аугьэaːt͡ʃʼaакӏэ
there (emphasis)ɡʲaw, ɡʲawɡʲaгьэу, гьэугьэd͡ʒət͡ʃʼaджэкӏэ
wheretaw, tawɡʲaтэу, тэугьэtət͡ʃʼaтэкӏэ

Big suffix (~фо)

[edit]
  • The standard Adyghe's suffix -шхо /-ʃxʷa/ which means big or mighty is -фo /-fˠa/ in the Shapsug dialect :
MeaningShapsugStandard AdygheBzhedugh
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
mighty Godтхьэфotħafˠaтхьэшхоtħaʃxʷaтхьэшкоtħaʃkʷa
large houseунэфowənafˠaунэшхоwənaʃxʷaунэшкоwənaʃkʷa

Positional prefix directly (джэхэ~)

[edit]
  • The standard Adyghe's positional prefix -жэхэ /-ʒaxa/ which designates action directed at something or someone forcefully is -джэхэ /-d͡ʒaxa/ in the Shapsug dialect :
MeaningShapsugChemirguy
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
to collide withджэхэхьэнd͡ʒaxaħanжэхэхьэнʒaxaħan
to hit someoneджэхэонd͡ʒaxawanжэхэонʒaxawan
to throw at someoneджэхэдзэнd͡ʒaxad͡zanжэхэдзэнʒaxad͡zan
to look steadily atджэхэплъэнd͡ʒaxapɬanжэхэплъэнʒaxapɬan
to jump on someone for assaultджэхэпкӏьэнd͡ʒaxapkʲʼanжэхэпкӏэнʒaxapt͡ʃʼan

Positional prefix merging (го~)

[edit]
  • In the Shapsug and Natukhai dialects, the verbal prefix го~ /ɡʷa-/ designates process of joining or merging with an object on a body. This positional conjugation does not exist in other Circassian dialects. for example :
MeaningAdygheNotes
CyrillicIPA
to throw atгодзэнɡʷad͡zanto throw an object on a steed or someone's neck
to merge toгохьэнɡʷaħanto merge with an object
to look atгоплъэнɡʷapɬanto look at a steed or someone's neck
to fit at
to fall at		гофэнɡʷafanto fit on a steed or someone's neck
an object to fall on a steed or someone's neck
to take fromгохынɡʷaxənto take an object a steed or someone's neck
to come down fromгокӏынɡʷat͡ʃʼənto get off a steed or someone's neck
to put atголъхьэнɡʷaɬħanto put an object on a steed or someone's neck
to stand onгоуцонɡʷawt͡sʷanto beat up someone
to fall fromгозынɡʷazənto fall from the body of something or someone
цумбжъитӏугот
цу-мбжъ-итӏуго-т
[t͡sʷəmbʐəjtʷʼɡʷat]
ox (erg.)two hornsit have on his body
"the ox have two horns."
шыоршымгос
шыо-ршы-мго-с
[ʃəwarʃəmɡʷas]
the horseman (abs.)horse (erg.)(s)he is sitting on a body
"the horseman is sitting on the horse."
лӏыжъымзылъакъоготэп
лӏыжъы-мзы-лъакъого-тэ-п
[ɬʼəʐəmzəɬaːqʷaɡʷatap]
the old man (erg.)one leg(s)he doesn't have on his body
"the old man doesn't have one leg."
шымзеохьыжьымкӏалэугосэргозэгъ
шы-мзеохьы-жь-ымкӏалэ-уго-сэ-рго-зэ-гъ
[ʃəmzajwaħəʑəmt͡ʃʼaːɮawɡʷasarɡʷazaʁ]
house (erg.)to get out of controlboy (adv.)the one on the body(s)he fell off the body
"when the horse got out of control the boy sitting on it fell."

Vocabulary

[edit]
MeaningShapsugStandard Adyghe
CyrillicIPACyrillicIPA
allзэужь, купэzawəʑ, kʷəpaзэкӏэzat͡ʃʼa
to miss someonmeкӏэхъопсынуфэзэщын
everyone
everything		псэумиpsawəməjпстэумиpstawəməj
to chewупэшӏынwəpaʃʼənгъэунэшкӏунʁawnaʃkʷʼən
to pushегукӏэнjagʷət͡ʃʼanеӏункӏэнjaʔʷənt͡ʃʼan
funnyгушӏуагъэgʷəʃʷʼaːʁaщхэныɕxanə
to laughгушӏонgʷəʃʷʼanщхынɕxən
to smileгушӏопсӏынgʷəʃʷʼapsʼənnщхыпцӏынɕxəpt͡sʼən
to get sadзэгожъынzagʷaʐənнэшхъэинnaʃχanjən
to laugh atщыгушӏукӏьнɕʷgʷəʃʷʼəkʲʼəənдэхьащхынdaħaːɕxən
to unbuckleгъэтӏэпкӏьынʁatʼapkʲʼənптӏэтэнptʼatan
to lowerгъэшъхъынʁaʂχən--
loweredгъэшъхъыгъэʁaʂχəʁaлъхъанчэɬχaːnat͡ʃa
walnutдэdaдэшхоdaʃxʷa
back of the neckдийdəjпшъэбpʂab
drumдаулэ
домбаз		dawəla
dawmbaz		шъондырыпʃʷandərəp
to fall downетӏэрэхынjatʼaraxənефэхынjafaxən
to arrangeзэгъэфэнzaʁafanгъэкӏэрэкӏэнʁat͡ʃʼarat͡ʃʼan
smellгъуамэʁʷaːmaмэma
stairsлъэугъуаеɬawʁʷaːjaлъэойɬawaj
bucketкъуаоqʷaːwaщалъɕaːɬ
to left (left over)къыдэфэнqədafanкъэнэжьынqanaʑən
thornкъэцыqat͡səпанэpaːna
axeмайтэmaːjtaотычwatət͡ʃ
appleмыеməjaмыӏэрысməʔarəs
intestineныпсӏэnəpsʼaкӏэтӏэйt͡ʃatʼaj
flowerнэкъыгъэnaqəʁaкъэгъагъэqaʁaːʁa
to plantтӏэнtʼanгъэтӏысынʁatʼəsən
bigфуэfwaшхоʃxʷa
tipцыпэt͡səpa--
to crawlцӏэлъэнt͡sʼaɬanпшынpʃən
to breathфэпщэнfapɕənжьы къэщэнɕə qaɕan
sharpчыянt͡ʃʼəjaːnчанt͡ʃʼaːn
cowardщтапхэɕtaːpxaкъэрабгъэqaraːbʁa
to block a holeшъыбынʂəbəntoкудэнkʷədan
jugшъхьахъуʂħaːχʷкъошынqʷaʃən
small thingшъхъэʂχaжъгъэйʐʁaj
softщынэɕənaшъабэʂaːba
clabberщэгъэпсӏагъɕaʁapsʼaːʁщхыуɕa
milkщэзэнɕazanщэɕa
bag; sackщэуалэɕawaːɮaдзыо; къапщыкъd͡zəwa; qapɕəq
shipsхьаджыгъэпсħaːd͡ʒəʁapsщыпсɕəps
matazмэтазэmataːzaпсыхьалыжъоpsəħaːɮəʒʷa
batterflyхьатрэпӏыйħaːdrapʼəjхьампӏырашъуħaːmpʼəraːʃʷ
dollнысэпхъапэnəsapχaːpaнысхъапnəsχaːp
easyӏэшӏэхʔaʃʼaxпсынкӏэpsənt͡ʃʼa

Shapsugh alphabet

[edit]

The alphabet used as the language of writing and literature in Shapsug National Rayon and Kfar Kama between 1924-1945[11] is as follows:

А аБ бВ вГ гГу гуГъ гъГъу гъуГь гьД дДж дж
Дз дзЕ еЖ жЖъ жъЖъу жъуЖь жьЖьу жьуЗ зИ иЙ й
К кКу куКъ къКъу къуКь кьКӀ кӀКӀу кӀуКIь кIьЛ лЛъ лъ
ЛӀ лӀМ мН нО оП пПӀ пӀПӀу пӀуР рС сСӀ сӀ
Т тТӀ тӀТӀу тӀуУ уФ фХ хХъ хъХъу хъуХь хьЦ ц
ЦӀ цӀЧ чЧу чуКӀ кӀШ шШъ шъЩу щуШӀ шӀШӀу шӀуЩ щ
Ы ыЭ эӀ ӀЪ ъЬ ьӀу ӀуЯ яЮ юЁ ё

Sample text

[edit]

Псэкӏодишъэ Зыгъэхъагъэр :

Сэтэнай-гуащэ ныо рэхъугъэу, е ыкӏуакӏэ къыщыкӏагъэу, е ынэгу зэлъагъэу цӏыф къыӏуатэу хэти зэхихыгъэп. Зэхихына, — Сэтэнае егъашӏи жъы рэхъугъэп! Мыӏэрысэм ыку фыжьэу тхъу сӏынэм фэдэр ынэгу щифэти; — фыжьыбзэу, ышъо жъыутэхэу къабзэу, моу укъищэу рэхъущтыгъэ; ышъуапӏэ ыжъоу, ащ ыпс ригъашъорэр — ыгугьэ кьэфэу, хьалэлэу, гукӏьегъуфо хэлъэу ышӏэущтыгъ. Ащ фэдэ мыӏэрысэ Нат ябын зэриӏэр Емынэжъ ышӏагъ.; Арыти, нэшъоу зишӏи, лъащэу зишӏи Сэтэнай-гуащэ дэжь къэкӏуагъ.

— Сэтэнай! — ыӏуи къегьагъ Емынэжъ,

— Шъыд? — ыӏожьыгъ Сэтэнае,

— Слъакъомэ сахьыжьырэп, сынэмэ алъэгъужьырэп, сшъхьэ акъыл чыян илъыжьэп, сыгугьэ мэхъаджэ сыхъугъ, гъашӏэу къысфэнэжьыгъэри макӏэ. Джэуап къысфэхъу! — ыӏуагъ Емынэжъы. — Уимыӏэрысэфо ищэнсэн сэмышӏэу уенэгуя?!.

— Сэ симыӏэрысэфо ишӏуагъэ къыокӏьыщтэп, — ыӏуагъ Сэтэнай-гуащэ. — О жъалымэгъэ бащэ зэпхьагъ.

ӏэзэгъу къыритыгъэп.

«Ащ ишӏуагъэ сэ къысэмыкӏьынэу щытмэ, шъори къышъозгъэкӏьынэп!» — ыӏуи, чэщ горэм къекӏуашъи Нат ябын идышъэ мыӏэрысэ чыг Емынэжъы риупкӏыгь. А чыгэр яӏагъэемэ, нэпэ къагу натхэр псэоу, тхъэжьэу, жъы рэмыхъухэу щыӏэнхи!.

See also

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shapsoug dialect Archived 2010-12-28 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
  2. ^ Палатализация (смягчение) и аффрикатизация согласных (in Russian)
  3. ^ Переднеязычные мягкие шипящие аффрикаты дж, ч, к1 (in Russian)
  4. ^ Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков (in Russian)
  5. ^ Studia Caucasologica I page 11 (in English)
  6. ^ Переднеязычные твердые шипящие аффрикаты дж, чъ, ч1 (in Russian)
  7. ^ Наращение сонорных согласных (in Russian)
  8. ^ Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков (in Russian)
  9. ^ Studia Caucasologica I (in English)
  10. ^ Спирантизация аффрикат (in Russian)
  11. ^ "ADİGE DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI -2". www.circassiancenter.com. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
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