HMS GAMBIA (48)

	Гамбия
История
Великобритания
Имя	Гамбия
Тезка	Колония и протектония Гамбии
Строитель	Охотник на лебедя , Тайн и ношение
Заложено	24 июля 1939 года
Запущен	30 ноября 1940 года
Введено в эксплуатацию	21 февраля 1942 года
Вне службы	Перевод в Королевский флот Новой Зеландии , 22 сентября 1943 г.
Идентификация	Вымпел номер : 48
New Zealand
Name	Gambia
Commissioned	22 September 1943
Out of service	Returned to the Royal Navy, 27 March 1946
United Kingdom
Name	Gambia
Recommissioned	1 July 1946
Decommissioned	December 1960
In service	Returned to the Royal Navy, 27 March 1946
Fate	Scrapped, 5 December 1968
General characteristics (as built)
Class and type	Fiji-class light cruiser
Displacement	8,631 long tons (8,770 t) (standard)
Length	555 ft 6 in (169.3 m)
Beam	62 ft (18.9 m)
Draught	19 ft 10 in (6 m)
Installed power	4 Admiralty 3-drum boilers; 80,000 shp (60,000 kW);
Propulsion	4 shafts; 4 geared steam turbine sets
Speed	32.25 knots (59.73 km/h; 37.11 mph)
Range	6,250 nmi (11,580 km; 7,190 mi) at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)
Complement	733 (peacetime), 900 (wartime)
Armament	4 × triple 6 in (152 mm) guns; 4 × twin 4 in (102 mm) DP guns; 2 × quadruple, 2 × single 2-pdr (40 mm (1.6 in)) AA guns; 6 × single 20 mm (0.8 in) Oerlikon AA guns; 2 × triple 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes;
Armour	Engine and boiler rooms: 3.25 in (83 mm); Decks: 2–3.5 in (51–89 mm); Magazines: 2–3.5 in (51–89 mm); Gun turrets: 1–2 in (25–51 mm);
Aircraft carried	2 × seaplanes
Aviation facilities	1 × catapult, 2 × hangars

HMS Gambia ( вымпел № 48, позже C48) был Фиджи -класса легким крейсером Королевского флота . Она была на службе Королевского военно -морского флота Новой Зеландии (RNZN) в качестве HMNZS GAMBIA с 1943 по 1946 год. Она была названа в честь тогдашней Короны Гамбии колонии и была единственным кораблем Королевского флота, который носил имя.

Строительство

Гамбия была задумана в военно -морских оценках 1938 года и была заложена 24 июля 1939 года во Лебедя Хантера дворе в Уоллсенде . Она была запущена 30 ноября 1940 года Леди Хилбери и заказана 21 февраля 1942 года.

История обслуживания

Ранняя карьера военного времени

The cruiser saw active service in the East Indies with the British Eastern Fleet, and was involved in the Battle of Madagascar in September 1942. She then carried out trade protection duties in the Indian Ocean, but returned to home waters, calling at the territory of the Gambia on the way, where West African Chiefs in full regalia led thousands of their subjects to visit the ship named after their colony.

She refitted at Liverpool between June and September.

Royal New Zealand Navy service

Because New Zealand's two other cruisers of the time, HMNZS Leander and HMNZS Achilles were damaged, it was decided in discussions with the Royal Navy Admiralty that Gambia would be recommissioned as HMNZS Gambia, for the use of the Royal New Zealand Navy.

The New Zealand Official History writes: "... HMNZS Gambia was commissioned at Liverpool on 22 September 1943 under the command of Captain William-Powlett, DSC, RN. A few of the officers and three-quarters of the ratings were New Zealanders."^[1] On 3 October 1943 the New Zealand High Commissioner visited the Gambia and addressed the ship's company. After sea trials, shaking down, and ten days attached to the 1st Cruiser Squadron in Scapa Flow, she arrived at Plymouth "... on 5 December 1943 to work with HM ships Glasgow and Enterprise under the orders of the Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth."^[1] With these ships she commenced anti-blockade runner patrols in the Bay of Biscay in December, as part of Operation Stonewall. Of particular note was the pursuit of the German blockade-runner Osorno, and the pursuit and destruction of another blockade-runner under Captain William-Powlett's overall command, but without actual involvement: "Under the circumstances," wrote William-Powlett, "Gambia, the senior of the four cruisers, was unable to take part in the successful and exciting operation carried out by Glasgow and Enterprise: she could merely play the part of an exasperated listener-in ...’

Gambia subsequently served with the British Pacific Fleet and participated in attacks on Japanese positions throughout the Pacific. In February 1944 she searched for blockade runners in the Cocos Islands area. She also supported a series of carrier raids against oil installations and airfields. She saw action off Okinawa, Formosa and Japan and took part in the bombardment of the Japanese city of Kamaishi on 9 August. She was attacked by a Japanese kamikaze aircraft ^[2] as a ceasefire was announced, and fired some of the last shots of World War II.

She was present on 2 September 1945 in Tokyo Bay for the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender.

Return to the Royal Navy

Gambia was returned to the Royal Navy at Portsmouth on 27 March 1946. She underwent a refit and was recommissioned on 1 July 1946 for the 5th Cruiser Squadron with the Far East Fleet. She returned to the UK on 6 January 1948, and in January 1950 she was assigned to the 2nd Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean, later serving with the 1st Cruiser Squadron on the same station until October 1954. In 1953, she and her sister Bermuda brought aid to the Greek island of Zakynthos when it was struck by the Ionian earthquake. Greek officials would later comment, "we Greeks have a long-standing tradition with the Royal Navy and it lived up to every expectation in its infallible tradition of always being the first to help".^[3] In the same year she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.^[4]

In 1955 she became flagship of the 4th Cruiser Squadron on the East Indies Station, but the decision not to continue the refit of the battleship Vanguard, meant funds were available for a life extension of Gambia and Bermuda, with additional finance and equipment from US assistance to NATO.^[5] The refit gave them a final light anti-aircraft (AA) armament of nine twin 40 mm Bofors, refitted in positions than gave wider angles of fire and US Mk 63 and SPG-35 radar fire control^[6] for the 4 inch mounts. This was similar to that being fitted to the remaining United States Navy Baltimore-class cruisers in 1956–57, although the twelve twin 3-inch/50 calibre guns on the US cruisers were far more accurate and effective than the Royal Navy Mk 5 Bofors or X1X twin 4-inch guns.

В мае 1957 года Гамбия снова отправилась в Персидский залив , став последним флагманом для главнокомандующего Ост-Индии , вице-адмирала Хилари Биггс , ^[7] and returned to Rosyth on 19 September 1958. On 4 November 1958 she recommissioned for the 1st Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean. She deployed to the Far East on 4 December 1959 to relieve the cruiser Ceylon in the Red Sea. The ship returned to the UK via South Africa with a visit to Freetown and the Gambia, before arriving in Portsmouth in July 1960. The last months of 1960 she served in the South Atlantic and the Home Fleet before entering the reserve in December of that year, her crew largely going to the new cruiser Blake.

Вывод из эксплуатации и судьбы

Гамбии была окупита за резерв в декабре 1960 года. Она оставалась в резерве в Портсмуте, пока не поставила ее в список утилизации и продала THOS. В. Уорд для отказа. Она покинула Портсмут под буксиром 2 декабря 1968 года и прибыла в Inverkeithing для расставания 5 декабря.

Примечания

^ Jump up to: ^а ^{беременный} «Глава 23 - Новая Зеландия Крейсеры | NZETC» . nzetc.victoria.ac.nz . Получено 11 ноября 2018 года .
^ «Hmnzs Gambia Последние выстрелы войны» . issuu . Получено 28 января 2023 года .
^ "Navy News" .
^ Сувенирская программа, Коронационная обзор флота, Spithead, 15 июня 1953 года , HMSO, Gale и Polden
^ P. Marland. После войны управление огнем в Королевском флоте. В Warship 2014. Конвей. Лондон (2014) с. 149
^ Марланда. «Огненное управление пожарной охраной» в RN 'в Warship 2014, с. 149
^ «HMS Gambia 1957–1958» (PDF) . п. 5

Ссылки

Браун, DK & Moore, George (2003). Восстановление Королевского флота: военный дизайн с 1945 года . Аннаполис, Мэриленд: Военно -морской институт Пресс. ISBN 1-59114-705-0 .
Кэмпбелл, NJM (1980). "Великобритания". В Чесно, Роджер (ред.). Конвея «Все мировые боевые корабли» 1922–1946 . Нью -Йорк: Mayflower Books. С. 2–85. ISBN 0-8317-0303-2 .
Colledge, JJ ; Wardlow, Ben & Bush, Steve (2020). Корабли Королевского флота: полный рекорд всех боевых кораблей Королевского флота с 15 -го века до настоящего времени (5 -е изд.). Барнсли, Великобритания: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-9327-0 .
Фридман, Норман (2010). Британские крейсеры: две мировые войны и после . Барнсли, Великобритания: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59114-078-8 .
Мерфин, Дэвид (2010). «А.А. В Иордании, Джон (ред.). Warship 2010 . Военно -морской институт Пресс. ISBN 978-1-84486-110-1 .
Raven, Alan & Roberts, John (1980). Британские крейсеры Второй мировой войны . Аннаполис, Мэриленд: Военно -морской институт Пресс. ISBN 0-87021-922-7 .
Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Хронология войны в море 1939–1945 гг.: Военно -морская история Второй мировой войны (третье пересмотренное изд.). Аннаполис, Мэриленд: Военно -морской институт Пресс. ISBN 1-59114-119-2 .
Уитли, MJ (1995). Крейсеры Второй мировой войны: международная энциклопедия . Лондон: Касселл. ISBN 1-86019-874-0 .

Внешние ссылки

[NZCru-1] Jump up to: ^а ^{беременный} «Глава 23 - Новая Зеландия Крейсеры | NZETC» . nzetc.victoria.ac.nz . Получено 11 ноября 2018 года .

[2] «Hmnzs Gambia Последние выстрелы войны» . issuu . Получено 28 января 2023 года .

[3] "Navy News" .

[4] Сувенирская программа, Коронационная обзор флота, Spithead, 15 июня 1953 года , HMSO, Gale и Polden

[5] P. Marland. После войны управление огнем в Королевском флоте. В Warship 2014. Конвей. Лондон (2014) с. 149

[6] Марланда. «Огненное управление пожарной охраной» в RN 'в Warship 2014, с. 149

[7] «HMS Gambia 1957–1958» (PDF) . п. 5

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