Обан
Обан
| |
---|---|
Город и бывший бург барония | |
![]() Взгляд на Обана из башни МакКига | |
Место в Аргайл и Буте | |
Население | 8,140 (2022) [ 2 ] |
Ссылка на сетку ОС | NM859298 |
• Эдинбург | 93 миль (150 л.с.) |
• Лондон | 402 миль (647 км) |
Район Совета | |
Область лейтенанности | |
Страна | Шотландия |
Суверенное состояние | Великобритания |
Пост города | Обан |
Посткод район | PA34 |
Код набора | 01631 |
Полиция | Шотландия |
Огонь | Шотландский |
Скорая помощь | Шотландский |
Великобритания парламент | |
Шотландский парламент | |
Обан ( / oʊ b ən/ О -бен ; [ 3 ] Шотландский гэльский : T-òban [ən̪ˠ ˈt̪ɔːpan], означающий маленький залив )-это курортный город в Аргайл и Буте районе Совета в Шотландии . Несмотря на его небольшой размер, это самый большой город между Хеленсбургом и Форт -Уильямом . В течение туристического сезона в городе может быть временное население более 24 000 человек. [ 4 ] Обан занимает обстановку в Firth of Lorn . Залива образует почти идеальную подкову, защищенную острова Керрера ; и за пределами Керреры, острова Малл . На севере находятся длинный низкий остров Лисмор и горы Морверн и Ардгур .
Доистория и археология
[ редактировать ]Люди использовали место, где теперь Обан стоит, по крайней мере, мезолитические времена, о чем свидетельствуют археологические останки жителей пещер, найденных в городе. [ 5 ] Сразу за городом стоит замок Дунолли , [ 6 ] На сайте, который пропускает основной вход в залив и был укреплен с момента бронзового века .
К северу от Обана, в Данстаффнаге, раскопок в 2010 году археологией Аргайла перед развитием Европейского парка морских наук, обнаружили доказательства того, что люди также жили в районе от неолита до ранних исторических периодов. Археологи обнаружили погребальные пиры, которые использовались в течение нескольких поколений в течение позднего железного века , и усадьба в использовании где -то между концом 7-9 веков нашей эры. [ 7 ]
История
[ редактировать ]

До 19 -го века сам город поддерживал очень немногие домохозяйства, поддерживая лишь незначительную рыболовную ловушку, торговлю, судостроительную и добычу индустрии, а также несколько выносливых туристов . [ 8 ] Торговая компания Renfrew создала там магазин около 1714 года, в качестве местного выхода для его товаров, но таможня не считался необходимым до 1736 года, и «Обан считался надлежащим местом для очистки судов для рыбной сельди». [ 9 ]
Современный город Обан вырос вокруг ликеро -водочного завода , который был основан там в 1794 году. Королевский хартия поднял город до бурга барония в 1811 году. [ 10 ] Сэр Уолтер Скотт посетил этот район в 1814 году, год, в котором он опубликовал свое стихотворение «Властелин острова» ; Интерес к стихотворению принес много новых посетителей в город. В 1833 году город стал парламентским бургом. Железнодорожное сообщение - железная дорога Калландер и Обан - была уполномочена в 1864 году, но потребовалось годы, чтобы добраться до города. Последний участок пути к Обану открылся 30 июня 1880 года. Это привело к дальнейшему процветанию, оживлению местной промышленности и дала новую энергию туризму. работа над злополучным Обаном Гидро Также в это время началась ; Предприятие было заброшено [ 11 ] и оставил, чтобы попасть в упадок после 1882 года, когда доктор Орр, создатель схемы, понял, что он сильно недооценил ее стоимость. Работа над башней McCaig's , известной местной достопримечательностью, началась в 1895 году. Заплатил Джон Стюарт МакКиг (1824–1902). Тем не менее, его строительство прекратилось в 1902 году после смерти своего благотворителя. Муниципальные здания Обана были завершены примерно в 1900 году. [ 12 ]
Построенный в 1897 году для Джеймса Геммеля Бууэйн, Гленкуиттен Хаус был построен на месте более раннего поместья. Теперь категория B перечислена , [ 13 ] Здание представляет собой замок в шотландском стиле, или баронический дом шотландцев, который был значительно изменен в 1903 году. В 1927/1928 годах было добавлено библиотечное крыло. Первоначальный архитектор, Эдвард Аппин, также участвовал в работе, завершенной в 1903 году. Роберт Лоример из фирмы Lorimer & Matthew, руководствовавшимся в 1920 -х годах для Александра Маккея, владельца в то время. Дом был собственностью B-списка с 1971 года. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] The contents were to be sold off by auction in 2003, including some furniture designed by Lorimer. Reports at that time shed additional light on the previous owners of the House, indicating that the MacKay family "at the Argyll house" had owned the property for four generations, since 1917 when it was acquired by "the venture capitalist Alexander MacKay";[15] the original owner was listed as the Shelly-Bonteyn family. MacKay and his son Robert Ferrier Burns Mackay were said to be significant collectors of art, including works by "Sir David Young Cameron (1865–1945) and James McBey (1883–1959)".[16][17] For some time prior to 2020, Glencruitten House was owned by a religious community who listed it for sale that year.[18] The listing for sale provided additional specifics: the House contained "woodwork and panelling believed to be by Clow Bros and Louis Davis stained glass windows. Also within the library is an original grade A listed Ingram organ with Welte Philharmonic roleplay mechanism (not fully operational)". The listing also stated that "remedial work [was] recently undertaken by the current owner".[19]
During World War II (1939–1945) Merchant and Royal Navy ships used Oban as an important base in the Battle of the Atlantic. The Royal Navy had a signal station near Ganavan, and an anti-submarine indicator loop station, which detected any surface or submarine vessels between Oban, Mull and Lismore. There was a controlled minefield in the Sound of Kerrera, which was operated from a building near the caravan site at Gallanach. A Royal Air Force flying-boat base operated at Ganavan and on Kerrera, and an airfield at North Connel – built by the Royal Air Force. A Sector Operations Room was built near the airfield; after the war, this was extended to become the Royal Observer Corps Group HQ.[20]
Oban was also important during the Cold War because the first Transatlantic Telephone Cable (TAT-1) came ashore at Gallanach Bay. This carried the Hot Line between the US Presidents and USSR General Secretaries.[21]
Since the 1950s, the principal industry has remained tourism, though the town is also an important ferry port, acting as the hub for Caledonian MacBrayne ferries to many of the islands of the Inner and Outer Hebrides.[22]
The Royal National Lifeboat Institution opened Oban Lifeboat Station in 1972.[23]
Climate
[edit]As with the rest of the British Isles, Oban experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest official Met Office weather station for which online records are available is located at Dunstaffnage, about 2.7 miles (4.3 km) north-north-east of Oban town centre. Rainfall is high, but thanks to the Gulf Stream, the temperature seldom falls below 0 °C (32 °F).
Climate data for Dunstaffnage (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1972-2022) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
14.9 (58.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.2 (81.0) |
29.1 (84.4) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.6 (83.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
14.9 (58.8) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
13.1 (55.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
12.7 (54.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
3.4 (38.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
11.4 (52.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
6.5 (43.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −8.7 (16.3) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
0.8 (33.4) |
4.2 (39.6) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 206.2 (8.12) |
156.0 (6.14) |
137.1 (5.40) |
91.6 (3.61) |
94.9 (3.74) |
95.8 (3.77) |
109.9 (4.33) |
129.9 (5.11) |
140.9 (5.55) |
189.3 (7.45) |
178.3 (7.02) |
197.9 (7.79) |
1,727.9 (68.03) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 20.5 | 17.4 | 17.4 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 15.7 | 16.8 | 16.3 | 19.0 | 19.7 | 19.6 | 204.1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 32.4 | 62.6 | 94.9 | 147.2 | 192.1 | 171.0 | 135.0 | 135.4 | 99.1 | 77.7 | 46.3 | 33.3 | 1,227 |
Source 1: Met Office[24] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: CEDA Archive (extremes)[25] |
Culture
[edit]The local culture is Gaelic. In 2011, 8.2% of the town's population over age 3 could speak Gaelic and 11.3% had some facility in the language.[26] Oban is considered the home of the Royal National Mòd, since it was first held there in 1892, with ten competitors on a Saturday afternoon. The town hosted the centenary Mod in 1992 (the year it became Royal) and in 2003 the 100th Mod. These two events attracted thousands of competitors and visitors (the 100th Mod was later than the centenary because it was not held in the war years). The Mod is held in Oban roughly every 6–8 years, and has last been held in October 2015.
An annual Highland Games, known as the Argyllshire Gathering,[27] is also held in the town.
The Corran Halls[28] theatre acts as a venue for community events, local and touring entertainers, and touring companies such as Scottish Opera.
The town had a two-screen cinema, which closed in early 2010. Thanks to a local community initiative supported by a number of famous names,[29] it reopened in August 2012 as the Phoenix Cinema.[30] Oban has itself been used as a backdrop to several films, including Ring of Bright Water and Morvern Callar.
The Oban War and Peace Museum advances the education of present and future generations by collecting, maintaining, conserving and exhibiting items of historical and cultural interest relating to the Oban area in peacetime and during the war years. A museum also operates within Oban Distillery, just behind the main seafront. The distillation of whisky in Oban predates the town: whisky has been produced on the site since 1794.[31] The Hope MacDougall collection[32] is a unique record of the working and domestic lives of people in Scotland.
Music is central to Gaelic culture, and there is lively interest in the town. In the 2010 pipe band season, the local Oban High School Pipe Band, led by Angus MacColl, was successful in winning the World Pipe Band Championships in Glasgow, the Cowal Games competition, and the Champion of Champions for the year in the novice-juvenile grade. The town also boasts a successful senior pipe band.[33] The local Gaelic choir[34] competes regularly and successfully in the Mod.
The town has been the birthplace and home of a number of well-known people.
Local attractions
[edit]![]() | The local attractions are also detailed at a sister project, Wikivoyage. The respective sister portal for Oban: link. |
The most prominent attraction in Oban is McCaig's Tower which is visible from a great portion of the town. Construction of the tower began in 1897, funded by John Stuart McCaig as a way of providing work for local stonemasons and to serve as a lasting legacy for his family.[35] McCaig died in 1902, and although construction was set to continue, with McCaig promising £1000 a year for its construction to continue, his family challenged this in court and won, stopping construction.[36]
The area around Oban has a dramatic scenery of the coast and mountains, as well as historically valuable local castles and ancient religious sites. North of the town the natural rock formation of Fingal's Dogstone is connected in legend to the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland.[37]
The Oban Visitor Information Centre, operated by VisitScotland, is located in the Columba Buildings on the North Pier. The Oban & Lorn Tourism Alliance also provides information about local attractions at the official web site.[38]
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Bay aerial view
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Town aerial view
Transport
[edit]Oban lies at the western end of the A85 road. A number of ScotRail trains run between Oban railway station and Glasgow Queen Street daily. The town is an important ferry port: it is Caledonian MacBrayne's busiest terminal. Oban is known as the "Gateway to the Isles",[39] with ferries sailing to the islands of Lismore, Colonsay, Islay, Coll, Tiree, to Craignure on Mull, to Castlebay on Barra and to Lochboisdale on South Uist. In 2005, a new ferry terminal was opened, and in 2007 a second linkspan opened, allowing two vessels to load/unload at the same time.
Scottish Citylink run buses from Glasgow's Buchanan bus station several times a day; in summer, buses run from Dundee via Perth (route 973) and to Edinburgh via Stirling (route 978).
West Coast Motors operate many local services and also coach links as far south as Lochgilphead and as far north as Fort William.

Formerly, Oban also had direct passenger railway services to Edinburgh. The scenic line, which ran via Glen Dochart, Strathyre, Callander, Dunblane and Stirling, closed in 1965. Railway services north to Ballachulish on Loch Leven were withdrawn in 1966. (These services were withdrawn as a result of the Beeching cuts.)
Oban has an airport outside the village of North Connel,[40] some 5 miles (8 km) NE of the town. The airport has regular connections to Islay, Colonsay and Tiree, with flight-times of just half an hour. The code for Oban Airport is (OBN) and the only airline flying from the airport is Hebridean Air Services.[41] The airport featured in a 2021 episode of Top Gear.[42]
Education
[edit]Oban has a primary school campus located in the south of the town along with Park Primary School at the north of the town, and a major high school, Oban High School. In 2019, £36 million was spent on a new building for the high school, replacing the original 1890 building which was subsequently demolished.[43]
Secondary school pupils are drawn from a wide surrounding catchment area, with some pupils having long commutes to and from school every day. Students who live on surrounding islands such as Coll or Mull stay at a local hostel during the school week. The school funds the hostel so that the families of the students don't have to pay themselves.
The building formerly used as Rockfield Primary School has now been taken over by the Community and is being extensively refurbished.[44] It has also been used as a polling station for areas of the town.[45]
Media
[edit]Television signals are received from the Torosay and local relay transmitters. [46] [47]
Oban FM is the town's local radio station which broadcast local news and entertainment on 103.3 FM. [48]
The town is also served by BBC Radio Scotland on 93.3 FM.
The Oban Times is the weekly local newspaper which publishes on every Thursdays. [49]
Churches
[edit]
Oban is served by Kilmore & Oban Parish Church of the Church of Scotland. There are two church buildings in the united parish, namely at Glencruitten Road as well as Kilmore Church. The minister (since 2007) is the Rev. Dugald Cameron, who formerly served at St. John's Renfield Church, Glasgow.[50]
A third church, the former Corran Esplanade Church (opened in 1957 as Christ Church) at Corran Esplanade in the town, is now closed.[51]
A fourth church, St Columba's Argyll Square Church was opened in 1888 and closed in 1984.[52]
The mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Argyll and the Isles is St Columba's Cathedral at the north end of the Esplanade. During the 19th century, the Rector of the Pro-Cathedral was Father Allan MacDonald, a poet and Gaelic scholar. The present cathedral was designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and constructed between 1932 and 1959.
The Scottish Episcopal Church is represented in Oban by the Cathedral Church of St John the Divine, situated in George Street.[53] It is one of two cathedrals of the united Diocese of Argyll and the Isles, the other being the Cathedral of the Isles in Millport, Isle of Cumbrae.
There are several other churches in the town, including the Free Church of Scotland in Rockfield Road, the Baptist Church in Albany Street, Salvation Army in Stevenson Street, Elim Pentecostal Church in Soroba Road, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Lorn Christian Fellowship (Independent) both of whom meet at Oban High School and the Associated Presbyterian Church in Campbell Street.[54] The Congregational Church in Tweedale Street was built in 1880.[55]
A Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses is located nearby at 57 Lorn Road, Dunbeg.
Cemeteries
[edit]Pennyfuir Cemetery, to the north of the town, contains several notable burials, including Frances Shand Kydd, the mother of Diana, Princess of Wales, and four casualties of the 1942 Dunbeath air crash which also killed Prince George, Duke of Kent.[56]
Sport
[edit]Oban's proximity to the mountains and the sea means that a wide array of sports are available to visitors and locals, from scuba-diving to coasteering to sailing to mountain biking to winter mountaineering. Other activities of note in the town are:
The local amateur football team is Oban Saints with a small stadium situated in Mossfield. However, shinty is a more popular game locally, with two major teams, Oban Camanachd and Oban Celtic, in the town. The Oban Times runs a "Spot the Shinty Ball" competition each week. Oban Cricket Club was formed in 2003 and plays in nearby Taynuilt. Oban Lorne Rugby Football Club turned 50 years old in 2012, and competes in the RBS West region.[57] The Highlanders were a World Wrestling Entertainment wrestling tag-team originally from Oban. Glencruitten Golf course was designed by professional golfer James Braid in the early 1900s,[58] and offers a challenging 18 holes across difficult terrain.
The West Highland Tennis Championships are held annually in July and attract some of Scotland's best players to the town. Past champions include Colin Fleming and Judy Murray.[59]
Oban also has a thriving martial arts scene, with karate, kick boxing, mixed martial arts, and boxing all available.
Watersports are an obvious activity in a seaport, and sailing is very popular. West Highland Week[60] brings sailors from around the world to the town every year. A raft race regularly takes place in the bay which offers a chance for locals to win prizes and trophies.[61] Scuba diving is also readily available. The wreck diving is spectacular, with the Sound of Mull offering some truly world-class dive sites. Although weather and visibility can be variable, the local geography means that a dive somewhere can always be achieved.
Notable people
[edit]- Jamie Campbell-Walter, racing driver
- Robert MacIntyre, professional golfer
- John McPhee, Grand Prix motorcyclist
- Susan Partridge, long-distance runner
- Susie Wolff, professional racing driver[62]
Town twinning
[edit]Laurinburg, North Carolina, United States became a twin town to Oban in 1993. The initial agreement was between Scotland County, North Carolina, and Argyll & Bute District Council. Following reorganisation in 1995, the agreement was confirmed by Argyll & Bute Council in 1997. The local High School takes part in a yearly exchange with students from the Scotland High School.[63] In 1997, Oban was also twinned with Gorey, County Wexford, Ireland.[64]
References
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- ^ The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (1974). Argyll, An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments, Volume 2 Lorn. HMSO. ISBN 0-11-491147-9.
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- ^ «Пункты» . Архивировано из оригинала 25 октября 2021 года . Получено 12 октября 2021 года .
- ^ «Аэропорт Обана попадает в верхнюю передачу» . 29 марта 2021 года. Архивировано с оригинала 29 марта 2021 года . Получено 12 октября 2021 года .
- ^ «Обан Хай официально открыт» . 5 июня 2019 года. Архивировано с оригинала 12 августа 2020 года . Получено 12 октября 2021 года .
- ^ «Начальная школа Рокфилда (бывшая), Рокфилд -роуд, Обан | Здания в регистр риска» . www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk . Архивировано с оригинала 12 апреля 2018 года . Получено 11 апреля 2018 года .
- ^ «Ситуация избирательных станций» . 6 июля 2021 года. Архивировано с оригинала 25 октября 2021 года . Получено 12 октября 2021 года .
- ^ «Полный свободный обзор передатчика Torosay (Argyll and Bute, Scotland)» . 1 мая 2004 года . Получено 13 октября 2023 года .
- ^ «Freeview Light на передатчике Oban (Argyll и Bute, Scotland)» . 1 мая 2004 года . Получено 13 октября 2023 года .
- ^ "Обан Ф.М." . Получено 13 октября 2023 года .
- ^ "The Oban Times" . Британские газеты . 22 февраля 2014 года . Получено 13 октября 2023 года .
- ^ "Килмор и Обан Церковь Шотландии" . Архивировано из оригинала 25 октября 2021 года . Получено 10 декабря 2008 года .
- ^ «Обан, Корран Эспланада, Крайст -Черч Дунолли | Канмор» . canmore.org.uk . Архивировано с оригинала 12 апреля 2018 года . Получено 11 апреля 2018 года .
- ^ «Церковь площади Аргайлла (с) Джеральд Англия» . www.geograph.org.uk . Архивировано с оригинала 12 апреля 2018 года . Получено 11 апреля 2018 года .
- ^ «Сент -Джон - онлайн -собор для апостола Святого Иоанна» . Архивировано из оригинала 3 августа 2010 года.
- ^ «Шотландия - Обан» . Связанные пресвитерианские церкви . Архивировано из оригинала 7 августа 2008 года . Получено 10 декабря 2008 года .
- ^ «Общинная церковь Обан» . www.lochgilphead.org . Архивировано из оригинала 9 мая 2008 года . Получено 10 декабря 2008 года .
- ^ Обан (Пеннифуир) кладбище - военные могилы Содружества
- ^ «Празднование 50 -летия Обана Лорна» . [ Постоянная мертвая ссылка ]
- ^ «Поле для гольфа Обана, Аргайл, Шотландия, гольф -клуб Glencruitten» . Архивировано с оригинала 6 января 2014 года . Получено 6 января 2014 года .
- ^ "West Highland Tennis Week" . Архивировано из оригинала 10 июня 2008 года . Получено 6 июля 2009 года .
- ^ "West Highland Yachting Week" . Архивировано с оригинала 20 января 2013 года . Получено 3 февраля 2013 года .
- ^ «Обан плот и гонки на морском каяке создают занятый залив» . Архивировано из оригинала 25 октября 2021 года . Получено 14 октября 2021 года .
- ^ «Сьюзи Вольф: Шот спокойно издает шум в формуле Е» . BBC News . 2 августа 2022 года . Получено 20 августа 2022 года .
- ^ «Лауринбургский обмен | Обанская средняя школа» . Архивировано из оригинала 25 октября 2021 года . Получено 14 октября 2021 года .
- ^ «Городит город» . Городный городской совет. Архивировано из оригинала 23 июля 2012 года . Получено 10 июня 2014 года .
Дальнейшее чтение
[ редактировать ]- Хьюз, Майк, Гебриды на войне . Canongate Books, 1998, ISBN 0-86241-771-6 .
- Batstone, Stephanie, Wren's Eye View: Приключения визуального сигнала , Parapress Ltd, 1994, ISBN 1-898594-12-0 . Написано Wren, базирующейся в Обане для большей части Второй мировой войны.
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]

- Аэропорт Обана
- Oban Times (местная газета)
- Обанский музей войны и мира
- Королевские ВВС Обан
- Процетка антиловода-индикатора в Обане
- Контрольная башня на мине в Галланахе
- ROC Group HQ Connel , Royal Observer Corps почта
- Обан Пейдж Каледонской МакБрайны (паромная компания)
- Страница станции Обан в Scotrail