Синдзюку
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Синдзюку
Синдзюку | |
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Синдзюку Сити [ 1 ] | |
Clockwise from top:
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![]() Location of Shinjuku in Tokyo | |
Coordinates: 35°42′5″N 139°42′35″E / 35.70139°N 139.70972°E | |
Country | Japan |
Region | Kantō |
Prefecture | Tokyo |
Government | |
• Mayor | Kenichi Yoshizumi |
• Tourism Ambassador | Godzilla[2] |
Area | |
• Total | 18.23 km2 (7.04 sq mi) |
Population (1 October, 2020[3]) | |
• Total | 349,385 |
• Density | 19,000/km2 (50,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
- Tree | Zelkova serrata |
- Flower | Azalea |
Phone number | 03-3209-1111 |
City Hall Address | Kabukichō 1-4-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8484 |
Website | www |
Синдзюку ( японский : Синдзюку-ку , Хепберн : Синдзюку-ку , Эффект: [ɕiɲdʑɯkɯ] ) , официально называемый Синдзюку , является особым отделением Токио , Япония . городом Это крупный коммерческий и административный центр, в котором находится северная половина самой загруженной железнодорожной станции в мире ( станция Синдзюку ), а также здание правительства Токио столичного правительства , административный центр правительства Токио . По состоянию на 2018 год [update], приход имеет предполагаемое население 346 235 лет и плотность населения 18 232 человек на км 2 Полем Общая площадь составляет 18,23 км 2 . [ 4 ] С окончания Второй мировой войны Синдзюку стал главным средним центром Токио ( Фукутошин ), соперничая с оригинальным центром города в Марунуши .
"Shinjuku" is also commonly used to refer to the entire area surrounding Shinjuku Station. The southern half of this area and of the station are in fact located in the neighboring Shibuya ward.
History
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In 1634, during the Edo period, as the outer moat of the Edo Castle was built, a number of temples and shrines moved to the Yotsuya area on the western edge of Shinjuku. In 1698, Naitō-Shinjuku had developed as a new (shin) station (shuku or juku) on the Kōshū Kaidō, one of the major highways of that era. Naitō was the family name of a daimyō whose mansion stood in the area; his land is now a public park, the Shinjuku Gyoen. In 1898, the Yodobashi Water Purification Plant, the city's first modern water treatment facility, was built in the area that is now between the park and the train station.[5]
In 1920, the town of Naitō-Shinjuku, which comprised large parts of present-day Shinjuku (the neighborhood, not the municipality), parts of Nishi-Shinjuku and Kabukichō was integrated into Tokyo City. Shinjuku began to develop into its current form after the Great Kantō Earthquake in 1923, since the seismically stable area largely escaped the devastation. Consequently, West Shinjuku is one of the few areas in Tokyo with many skyscrapers.
The Tokyo air raids from May to August 1945 destroyed almost 90% of the buildings in the area in and around Shinjuku Station.[6] The pre-war form of Shinjuku and the rest of Tokyo was retained after the war because the roads and rails, damaged as they were, remained, and these formed the heart of Shinjuku in the post-war construction. Only in Kabuki-cho was a grand reconstruction plan put into action.[7]
The present ward was established on March 15, 1947 with the merger of the former wards of Yotsuya, Ushigome, and Yodobashi. It served as part of the athletics 50 km walk and marathon course during the 1964 Summer Olympics.[8] In the 1970s, the Yodobashi Water Purification Plant closed and was replaced by skyscrapers.[9]
In 1991, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government moved from the Marunouchi district of Chiyoda to the current building in Shinjuku (the Tokyo International Forum stands at the former site vacated by the government).
Geography
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Shinjuku is surrounded by Chiyoda to the east; Bunkyo and Toshima to the north; Nakano to the west, and Shibuya and Minato to the south.[10]
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The current city of Shinjuku grew out of several separate towns and villages, which have retained some distinctions despite growing together as part of the Tokyo metropolis.
- East Shinjuku (or administratively called Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku): The area east of Shinjuku Station and surrounding Shinjuku-sanchome Station, historically known as Naito-Shinjuku, houses the city hall and the flagship Isetan department store, as well as several smaller areas of interest:
- Kabukichō: Tokyo's best-known red-light district, renowned for its variety of bars, restaurants, and sex-related establishments.
- Golden Gai: An area of tiny shanty-style bars and clubs. Musicians, artists, journalists, actors and directors gather here, and the ramshackle walls of the bars are plastered with film posters.
- Shinjuku Gyo-en: A large park, 58.3 hectares, 3.5 km in circumference, blending Japanese traditional, English landscape and French formal style gardens.
- Shinjuku Ni-chōme: Tokyo's best-known gay district.
- Nishi-Shinjuku: The area west of Shinjuku Station, historically known as Yodobashi, is home to Tokyo's largest concentration of skyscrapers. Several of the tallest buildings in Tokyo are located in this area, including the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, KDDI Building and Park Tower.
- Ochiai: The northwestern corner of Shinjuku, extending to the area around Ochiai-minami-nagasaki Station and the south side of Mejiro Station, is largely residential with a small business district around Nakai Station.
- Ōkubo: The area surrounding Okubo Station, Shin-Okubo Station and Higashi-Shinjuku Station is best known as Tokyo's historic ethnic Korean neighborhood after World War II.
- Totsuka: The northern portion of Shinjuku surrounding Takadanobaba Station and Waseda University, today commonly referred to as Nishi-Waseda. The Takadanobaba area is a major residential and nightlife area for students, as well as a commuter hub.
- Toyama: A largely residential and school area, in the east of Ōkubo and south of Waseda University, extending to the area around Nishi-Waseda Station, Gakushuin Women's College and Toyama Park.
- Ushigome: A largely residential area in the eastern portion of the city.
- Ichigaya: A commercial area in eastern Shinjuku, site of the Ministry of Defense.
- Kagurazaka: A hill descending to the Iidabashi Station area, once one of Tokyo's last remaining hanamachi or geisha districts, and currently known for hosting a sizable French community.[11]
- Yotsuya: An upscale residential and commercial district in the southeast corner of Shinjuku. The Arakichō area is well known for its many small restaurants, bars, and izakaya.
"Shinjuku" is often popularly understood to mean the entire area surrounding Shinjuku Station, but the Shinjuku Southern Terrace complex and the areas to the west of the station and south of Kōshū Kaidō are part of the Yoyogi and Sendagaya districts of the special ward of Shibuya.
Naturally, most of Shinjuku is occupied by the Yodobashi Plateau, the most elevated portion of which extends through most of the Shinjuku Station area. The Kanda River runs through the Ochiai and Totsuka areas near sea level, but the Toshima Plateau also builds elevation in the northern extremities of Totsuka and Ochiai. The highest point in Shinjuku is Hakone-san in Toyama Park, 44.6 m above sea level.[12]
Districts and neighborhoods
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Economy
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The area surrounding Shinjuku Station is a major economic hub of Tokyo. Many companies have their headquarters or Tokyo offices in this area, including regional telephone operator NTT East, global camera and medical device manufacturer Olympus Corporation, electronics giant Seiko Epson,[13] video game developer Square Enix,[14] fast food chains McDonald's Japan and Yoshinoya,[15] travel agency H.I.S.,[16] Subaru Corporation (Subaru),[17] railway operator Odakyu Electric Railway, construction giants Taisei Corporation[18] and Kumagai Gumi,[19] medical equipment manufacturer Nihon Kohden,[20] Enoki Films,[21] navigation software company Jorudan,[22] instant noodle giant Nissin Foods,[23] automotive components manufacturer Keihin Corporation,[24] and regional airline Airtransse.[25] The station area also hosts numerous major retailers such as Isetan, Takashimaya, Marui, Bic Camera, Yodobashi Camera and Yamada Denki.
Northeastern Shinjuku has an active publishing industry and is home to the publishers Shinchosha[26] and Futabasha.[27] The main store of the Books Kinokuniya bookstore chain is also located in Shinjuku.
Demographics
[edit]Resident nationalities[28] | |
Nationality | Population (percentage) (2024) |
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305,943 (86.9%) |
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17,447 (5.0%) |
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9,089 (2.6%) |
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3,838 (1.1%) |
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2,642 (0.8%) |
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2,591 (0.7%) |
Others | 10,159 (2.9%) |
By 2012 people of Chinese citizenship became the most numerous foreign citizens in Shinjuku. Previously the most common citizenship was collectively those of North and South Korea.[29]
Year | Pop. | ±% |
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1950 | 246,373 | — |
1960 | 413,690 | +67.9% |
1970 | 390,657 | −5.6% |
1980 | 343,928 | −12.0% |
1990 | 296,790 | −13.7% |
2000 | 286,726 | −3.4% |
2010 | 326,309 | +13.8% |
2020 | 349,385 | +7.1% |
Source: Censuses[30] |
Government and politics
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Like the other special wards of Tokyo, Shinjuku has a status equivalent to that of a city. The current mayor is Kenichi Yoshizumi. The ward council (区議会, kugikai) consists of 38 elected members; the Liberal Democratic Party and New Komeitō Party together currently hold a majority. The Democratic Party of Japan, Japanese Communist Party and the Social Democratic Party are also represented together with four independents. Shinjuku's city office (区役所, kuyakusho) is located on the southeastern edge of Kabukichō.
Shinjuku is also the location of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. The governor's office, the metropolitan assembly chamber, and all administrative head offices are located in the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building. Technically, Shinjuku is therefore the prefectural capital of Tokyo; but according to a statement by the governor's office, Tokyo (the – as administrative unit: former – Tokyo City, the area of today's 23 special wards collectively) can usually be considered the capital of Tokyo (prefecture/"Metropolis") for geographical purposes. The Geographical Survey Institute (Kokudo Chiriin) names Tōkyō (the city) as capital of Tōkyō-to (the prefecture/"Metropolis").[31]
Elections
[edit]Public institutions
[edit]Libraries
[edit]Shinjuku operates several public libraries, including the Central Library (with the Children's Library), the Yotsuya Library, the Tsurumaki Library, Tsunohazu Library, the Nishi-Ochiai Library, the Toyama Library, the Kita-Shinjuku Library, the Okubo Library, and the Nakamachi Library. In addition there is a branch library, Branch Library of Central Library in the City Office, located in the city office.[32]
Hospitals
[edit]There are several major hospitals located within the city limits.
- Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
- Keio University Hospital
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine
- Tokyo Yamate Medical Center
- Tokyo Medical University Hospital
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
- Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Ohkubo Hospital
Cultural centers
[edit]Museums
[edit]- National Printing Bureau Banknote and Postage Stamp Museum
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Shinjuku Branch
- Shinjuku Historical Museum
- Tokyo Fire Department Museum
- Tokyo Toy Museum
Halls
[edit]- Tokyo Opera City
- Shinjuku Bunka Center
- Meiji Yasuda Life Hall
Transportation
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Shinjuku is a major urban transit hub. Shinjuku Station sees an estimated 3.64 million passengers pass through each day, making it the busiest station in the world. It houses interchanges to three subway lines and three privately owned commuter lines, as well as several JR lines.
Rail
[edit]A list of railway lines passing through and stations located within Shinjuku includes:
- JR East
- Yamanote Line: Takadanobaba, Shin-Ōkubo, Shinjuku
- Chūō Line (Rapid), Chūō-Sōbu Line: Yotsuya, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Ōkubo
- Saikyō Line, Shōnan-Shinjuku Line: Shinjuku
- Tokyo Metro
- Marunouchi Line: Yotsuya, Yotsuya-sanchōme, Shinjuku-gyoenmae, Shinjuku-sanchōme, Shinjuku, Nishi-Shinjuku
- Yūrakuchō Line: Ichigaya, Iidabashi
- Tōzai Line: Kagurazaka, Waseda, Takadanobaba, Ochiai
- Fukutoshin Line: Nishi-Waseda, Higashi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-sanchōme
- Namboku Line: Iidabashi, Ichigaya, Yotsuya
- Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation
- Toei Shinjuku Line: Akebonobashi, Shinjuku-sanchōme, Shinjuku
- Toei Ōedo Line: Ochiai-Minaminagasaki, Nakai, Nishi-Shinjuku-gochōme, Tochō-mae, Kokuritsu-Kyōgijō, Ushigome-Kagurazaka, Ushigome-Yanagichō, Wakamatsu-Kawada, Higashi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Nishiguchi
- Toden Arakawa Line: Omokagebashi, Waseda
- Odakyu Electric Railway Odawara Line: Shinjuku
- Keio Corporation Keio Line, Keio New Line: Shinjuku
- Seibu Railway Seibu Shinjuku Line: Seibu-Shinjuku, Takadanobaba, Shimo-Ochiai, Nakai
Roads
[edit]- No.4 Shinjuku Route (Miyakezaka JCT - Takaido)
- No.5 Ikebukuro Route (Takebashi JCT - Bijogi JCT)
- National Route 20 (Shinjuku-dōri, Kōshū-kaidō)
Other major routes:
- Tokyo Metropolitan Route 8 (Mejiro-dōri, Shin-Mejiro-dōri)
- Tokyo Metropolitan Route 302 (Yasukuni-dōri, Ōme-kaidō)
- Tokyo Metropolitan Route 305 (Meiji-dōri)
Education
[edit]Colleges and universities
[edit]- Chuo University graduate school
- Gakushuin Women's College
- Keio University Medical College
- Kogakuin University
- Mejiro University
- Sophia University Mejiro Seibo Campus
- Tokyo Fuji University
- Tokyo Medical University
- Tokyo University of Science
- Токийский женский медицинский университет
- Университет Васеды
Взолнованный:
- Университет Лукленда Япония (Summda-Kida-
Школы
[ редактировать ]Средние школы
[ редактировать ]Государственные средние школы управляются Токийским государственным советом по образованию .
Закрыто:
Частные школы:
- Gakushuin Girls Junior и Senior High School , частная школа для девочек, связанная с Университетом Гакушуина и женским колледжем Гакушуина
- Hozen Junior и Senior High School , частная школа мальчиков
- Kaijō Junior и Senior High School , частная школа мальчиков
- Старшая средняя школа Seijo и средняя школа Seijo Gakuen Junior , частная школа для девочек
- Seijō Junior и Senior High School , частная школа мальчиков
- Васида младшая и старшая средняя школа , частная школа мальчиков, связанная с Университетом Васеда
- Meijiro Kenshin Junior и Senior High School
Начальные и младшие средние школы
[ редактировать ]Общественные начальные и младшие средние школы в Синдзюку управляются Советом по образованию города Синдзюку (The Shinjuku Ward).
Знаменитые люди из Синдзюку-ку
[ редактировать ]- Синдзо Абэ , премьер -министр Японии
- Sugita genpaku , физическая и наука
- Ichirō Hatoyama , премьер -министр Японии
- Синдзи Хигучи , режиссер и художник раскадровки
- Вакаба Хигучи , фигурист
- Минору Киучи , политик
- Йошико Куга , актриса
- Тамийо Кусакари , актриса и балет Дансер
- Юичиро Нагай , профессиональный футболист
- Sanaee Nakaba , актриса
- Кен Огата , актер
- Майя Окамото , актриса, актриса голоса и певица
- Mineho Ozaki , паралимпийский спортсмен
- Kōichi satō , актер
- Такума Сато , профессиональный гоночный водитель
- Shunsuke Shima , актер и голосовой актер
- Каору Сугита , актриса и певица
- Джун Тогава , певец, музыкант и актриса
- Kōsuke Toyohara , актер и певец
- Kyousei Tsukui , голосовой актер
- Такаши Укаджи , актер
- Atsuro Wakabe , актер
- Который Ямамото , актер и певец
- Тацухико Ямамото , певец-автор и композитор
- Такеши Йошиока , актер
- Кеничи Йошизуми , политик и мэр Синдзюку
Сестринские города
[ редактировать ]У Шиндзюку есть соглашения о сестринском городе с несколькими населенными пунктами: [ 33 ]
Лефкада , Греция
Митте , Берлин, Германия
Донгхенгский район, Пекин , Китай
Мать, Нагано , Япония
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]- Гражданская площадь , городское пространство в Синдзюку
- Туризм в Японии
Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Синджуку Город Архивировал 2008-02-09 на машине Wayback
- ^ Изади, Элахи (9 апреля 2015 г.). «Ужасный монстр назвал нового посла туризма Токио» . The Washington Post . Получено 15 сентября 2018 года .
- ^ «Население по округу» . Токийский статистический ежегодник . Получено 15 июля 2022 года .
- ^ Город Синдзюку [ Постоянная мертвая ссылка ]
- ^ «Водоснабжение в Токио» . Бюро водоснабжения, Токийское столичное правительство . Получено 15 февраля 2021 года .
- ^ История Синдзюку Архивировал 2006-03-26 на машине Wayback
- ^ Ichikawa, 2003
- ^ 1964 г. Официальный отчет о летних Олимпийских играх. Том 2. Часть 1. С. 74
- ^ «Синдзюку тогда и сейчас» . Недвижимость Япония . Gplus Media Inc. 7 октября 2015 г. Получено 15 февраля 2021 года .
- ^ Токийская карта специальных приходов
- ^ Japanvisor.com
- ^ Информация» (PDF) . . « IV
- ^ « Головной офис и японские объекты ». Сейко Эпсон . Получено 13 января 2009 года.
- ^ «Мы путешествуем по потрясающему штаб -квартиру Square Enix, так как вы, вероятно, никогда не будете» . vulturebeat.com . 26 марта 2015 г. Получено 20 декабря 2016 года .
- ^ Профиль компании Полем Йошиноя . Получено 25 февраля 2010 года .
- ^ « Информация о компании ». Его построен 11 марта 2010 года.
- ^ " [1] Архивировано 15 июля 2012 года на машине Wayback ". Fuji Heavy Industries и Subaru .
- ^ « Корпоративные данные архивировали 29 октября 2012 года, на машине Wayback ». Корпорация Taisei . Получено 20 февраля 2012 года.
- ^ « Корпоративный профиль архивировал 9 декабря 2017 года, на машине Wayback ». Кумагай Гуми . Получено 30 августа 2017 года.
- ^ " Ключевые факты ". Нихон Кохден . Получено 9 августа 2015 года.
- ^ " Дом " Эноки фильмы . Получено 23 марта 2014 года.
- ^ « Штаб -квартира ». Йорудан . Получено 7 января 2011 года. "Zip 160-0022 2-1-9 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Токио, Япония" ( MAP )
- ^ « Профиль компании ». Nissin Foods . Получено 15 августа 2009 года.
- ^ « Обзор компании Архивировал 3 июня 2018 года, на The Wayback Machine ». Корпорация Кейхин . Получено 23 мая 2018 года.
- ^ Профиль компании Полем Авиатранс . Получено 20 мая 2009 г.
- ^ Информация о компании .
- ^ Профиль компании .
- ^ «Резидентные национальности Синдзюку» (PDF) . Получено 21 июня 2024 года . (на японском)
- ^ OBE, Mitsuru; Сакура, Юсуке (25 июля 2018 г.). «Китайские кварталы и маленькие индейцы обретают форму в Токио» . Никкеи Шимбун . Получено 8 ноября 2022 года .
- ^ «Домашняя страница статистики» . www.stat.go.jp.
- ^ Токийское столичное правительство, губернаторская канцелярия: о префектурной столице Токио Архивировано 2014-04-19 на машине Wayback (на японском языке)
- ^ «Информация о повседневной жизни для иностранных жителей города Синдзюку» . Архивировано из оригинала 14 мая 2008 года . Получено 27 августа 2008 года .
- ^ Города дружбы Архивировали 2010-04-07 на машине Wayback
- Офис прихода Shinjuku, История Синдзюку
- Hiroo Ichikawa «Реконструкция Токио: попытка трансформировать мегаполис» в C. Hein, JM Diefendorf и I. Yorifusa (Eds.) (2003). Строительство городской Японии после 1945 года. Нью -Йорк: Пальгрейв.
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]- Демография Синдзюку (на японском языке)
- Исторический музей Синдзюку: красиво организованный музей с интересными экспонатами прошлого Токио
- Подробнее о Синдзюку . Архивировано 21 июля 2019 года, на The Wayback Machine .