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Убийство Дженнифер Лауд

(Перенаправлено от Дженнифер Лауд )

Убийство Дженнифер Лауд
Расположение Олонгапо в Центральном Лусоне
Расположение Celzone Lodge, Olongapo , Филиппины
Дата 11 октября 2014 г. ( 2014-10-11 )
Тип атаки
Убийство , удушение путем утопления , преступления на почве ненависти
Жертва Дженнифер Лауд
Преступник Джозеф Скотт Пембертон
Мотив Транфобия
Вердикт Виновным в меньшем убийства преступлении
Обвинения Убийство
Предложение

11 октября 2014 года Дженнифер Лауд ( Тагальское произношение: [ˈlaʊdɛ] ), филиппинская транс -женщина , была убита Джозефом Скоттом Пембертоном, капралом Ланса в корпусе морской пехоты Соединенных Штатов в Олонгапо , Филиппины . [ 2 ] Пембертон признался, что напал на Лауд и развернул защиту транс паники в ходе судебного разбирательства в 2015 году. [ 3 ] Его обвинение было понижено с убийства до убийства судьей в 2015 году, и он был осужден 1 декабря 2015 года. Президент Филиппин Родриго Дутерте дал абсолютное прощение Пембертону в сентябре 2020 года. [ 4 ]

Это было вторым зарегистрированным уголовным делом, связанным с морским пехотинцем Соединенных Штатов на Филиппинах под Соглашением о Филиппинах и государствах, посещающих сил (VFA), и первым с момента расширенного соглашения о сотрудничестве в отношении обороны (EDCA). Убийство породило протесты на Филиппинах со стороны трансгендерных правозащитных групп и других активистов.

Убийство

[ редактировать ]

Дженнифер Лауд, транс -женщина из филиппинцев, встретилась с Джозефом Скоттом Пембертоном, морским корпусом Соединенных Штатов из Нью -Йорка из Нью -Бедфорда, штат Массачусетс, в диско -бар Ambyanz в Олонгапо вечером 11 октября 2014 года. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] По данным полиции и свидетелей, впоследствии они отправились в Celzone Lodge, близлежащий мотель. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Через тридцать минут после регистрации Пембертон покинул мотель, оставив дверь в комнату приоткрыто. Сотрудники обнаружили обнаженное тело Лауд, частично покрытое талией вниз, ее шея почернела от удушающих отметок и головой в туалете. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Презервативы, извлеченные из ванной комнаты, подвергались тестированию ДНК, чтобы определить, соответствовала ли сперма, в которой он содержался Пембертон. Судебные эксперты из лаборатории уголовного расследования армии США определили, что у одного из трех презервативов и обертка презерватива, извлеченных из комнаты мотеля, имели отпечатки пальцев Пембертона. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] ДНК внутри презервативов также не соответствовала ДНК Лауде. [ 14 ] Причина смерти, как сообщалось, « утопления путем удушья ». [ 15 ] [ 12 ] Сообщалось, что Пембертон позже признал, что убил Лауд после того, как узнал, что она транссексуал. [16]

Pemberton was in the Philippines to take part in regular military exercises.[12] His ship was docked at Subic Bay Freeport, former home of the Subic Bay Naval Base, once the largest US Navy base outside the United States.[12][17][18]

Victim

[edit]
Jennifer Laude
Facebook photo of Jennifer Laude
Born(1987-11-04)November 4, 1987
Philippines
DiedOctober 11, 2014(2014-10-11) (aged 26)
Olongapo, Philippines
Cause of deathHomicide by drowning[19]

Jennifer Laude was born on November 4, 1987. At the time of her death at the age of 26, she was engaged to a German national. While having a drink with her friend Barbie Gelviro at the Ambyanz Disco in Olongapo, on October 11, 2014, she met an American military foreigner and agreed to go with him to a "short time" hotel called the Celzone Lodge. Gelviro went also with her own companion, and the couples went to different rooms. Later that night Laude was found dead.[20]

Arrest and trial

[edit]

Following the death of Laude, Pemberton was detained by the U.S. Navy, first on board his ship and then inside Camp Aguinaldo, the headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, located in Quezon City, Metro Manila.[21]

On December 15, 2014, the Olongapo City Prosecutor's Office of the Philippine Department of Justice found probable cause to charge Pemberton with murder and that day he was charged with murder in front of the Olongapo City Regional Trial Court Branch 74.[22] The prosecutor decided to pursue murder charges because of the "presence of treachery, cruelty, and abuse of superior strength".[22] Pemberton appealed the prosecutor's decision to the Secretary of Justice, but that appeal was denied.[21] On February 23, 2015, Pemberton was brought to court in Olongapo and the court entered a not-guilty plea on his behalf.[21] The pre-trial hearings began February 27, 2015.[21] The murder trial began on March 16.[21] Under the VFA, the local courts have one year to complete any legal proceedings.[21]

Pemberton was represented by Rowena Flores,[21] and the trial was heard by Judge Roline Ginez-Jabalde.[21]

Reporters were banned from the courtroom and relied upon second-hand reports from the Laude family's lawyers for their news articles.[23]

Laude's relatives said they had been offered 21 million Philippine pesos (US$468,000) if they agreed to lower the charge from murder to homicide. Julita Cabillan, Laude's mother, said they had rejected the offer, since "No amount of money could pay for the years I spent raising my child". One of Pemberton's lawyers, Benjamin Tolosa, insisted that Pemberton's legal team had not offered any money, saying "It has been insinuated the demand came from us and that's absolutely false. It's contrary to what happened".[24]

Lawyers for the Laude family claimed that prosecutor Emilie Fe de los Santos had taken a statement by Laude's mother that she would not drop the case even if offered a million dollars as a sign that the family was open to a plea bargain, insisting the prosecutor had promoted that idea with defense attorneys.[25]

One of the Laude family's attorneys, Harry Roque, told the press that he had been barred by Prosecutor de los Santos from the trial. Laude's family submitted a letter to Department of Justice Secretary Leila De Lima requesting that a new prosecutor be assigned, citing the refusal of de los Santos to work with the family's private lawyers.[25] The prosecution rested on June 30, 2015.[26]

Pemberton admitted in court to fighting with Laude, but not to killing her. He claimed he acted in "self-defense" after he discovered Laude was transgender.[27]

Court decision

[edit]

On December 1, 2015, the Olongapo Regional Trial Court found Pemberton guilty of homicide, citing mitigating circumstances including Laude not revealing her biological sex, and sentenced him to 6 to 12 years in jail.[28] The court said, "The killing of Laude amounted only to homicide" and did not meet the standards for murder.[28] Pemberton, in the court's view, acted out of "passion and obfuscation".[28] The court ruled Pemberton that "in the heat of passion, he arm-locked the deceased, and dunked her head in the toilet."[28] Harry Roque, the family's attorney, disagreed, saying "It is not right that these mitigating circumstances showed his bigotry towards a transgender woman and that the bigotry itself was the reason he killed her."[29] Laude's mother, Julita Laude, also was not happy, saying she believed Pemberton was guilty of murder.[30] Still, she added, "But the important thing is he will be jailed. My daughter's life is not wasted."[30]

Pemberton remained at Camp Aguinaldo and under the Bureau of Corrections control until the appeals were heard.[28] Pemberton was ordered to pay fines to the Laude family totaling over 4.5 million Philippine pesos: 50,000 pesos for civil indemnities, 4,320,000 pesos for loss of earning capacity, 155,250 pesos for funeral and burial expenses, 50,000 pesos for moral damages, and 30,000 pesos for exemplary damages.[28][31]

In a ruling issued by the Olongapo RTC Branch 74 on March 30, 2016, the court affirmed the conviction of Pemberton, while reducing the maximum sentence to 10 years from the original 12 years and also denying him bail.[32]

Early release and absolute pardon

[edit]

On September 2, 2020, Branch 74 of the Olongapo City Regional Trial Court granted Pemberton's partial motion of reconsideration, thereby releasing him from prison. Judge Roline Ginez-Abalde said that Pemberton, then confined at the Armed Forces of the Philippines Custodial Center in Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City, had already served a jail sentence of ten years, one month, and ten days on account of his accumulated Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA). The Laude camp opposed the decision, saying, "Pemberton, who lives comfortably and only his liberty is restricted—cannot reasonably and justifiably claim good conduct”.[33][34][35]

On September 7, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte granted an absolute pardon to Pemberton,[36] which was justified by his spokesman Harry Roque, who was once a legal counsel for the Laude family.[37] Prior to this, Duterte had promised to the Laude family that he will not release Pemberton during his presidency.[38] Roque believed Duterte's decision to pardon Pemberton was to allow the Philippines to gain access to Western-made COVID-19 vaccines.[39] The pardon, which was condemned by the Laude family,[40] sparked outrage in the LGBT community,[41] as well as high-profile personalities from senators[42] to celebrities.[43] The hashtag #JusticeForJenniferLaude landed on the top trending spot in social media, where majority of the posts were critical of Duterte.[44]

The absolute pardon given by Duterte has been called "a grave injustice to the Filipino people", "a travesty of Philippine sovereignty and democracy", "a mockery of [the] judiciary and legal system", and "a shameless sell-out".[40] The pardon has also been analyzed as an act that "plac[es] the interests of the US government above the Filipino people’s demands for justice and accountability".[40] The lawyer of Pemberton later claimed that her client "always wanted to apologize" to Laude's family. The claims were afterwards debunked by the lawyer of the Laude family, who stated that since 2014, Pemberton never initiated any form of an apology.[45] Pemberton's lawyer has stated that her client's reaction to the pardon was "very happy", and that she advised Pemberton to apologize through a letter, instead of speaking personally with the Laude family.[46] On September 13, 2020, Pemberton was deported to the United States, after he had allegedly apologized to the victim's family and thanked Duterte for the pardon.[47] He is expected to enroll in a college in the United States.[48]

On September 14, 2020, during the daily COVID-19 press briefing, Philippine presidential spokesman Harry Roque claimed that according to US authorities and the American Marine Corps, Pemberton would be facing a 'court martial' upon his return in the United States. The court martial would determine additional punishment for Pemberton and whether he is qualified to remain in service.[49]

Reactions

[edit]

The case has the potential to damage Philippines–United States relations. The VFA, complemented by the EDCA and by annual military exercises known as Balikatan, were put under greater scrutiny as several protests were organized in the Philippines and the United States calling for the Philippines to cancel both agreements.[5]

This is the second reported criminal case involving a United States Marine in the Philippines under the VFA. In 2005, four Marines were tried in the Philippines for rape in what became known as the Subic rape case. Three were acquitted at trial and the fourth was convicted at trial but later acquitted on appeal after victim "Nicole" recanted her testimony by saying the rape never happened and immediately emigrated to the United States.[5]

Transgender rights activists and the left-wing Bagong Alyansang Makabayan have protested what they see as the "special treatment" of U.S. troops, such as Pemberton, in the Philippines, compared to the second-class citizen treatment of Filipinos, such as Laude, in their own land, which they characterize as neo-colonialism.[50][51][52] The Communist Party of the Philippines condemned the United States' refusal to turn over full custody of Pemberton to Philippine authorities and called for the abolition of the VFA, which the party views as lopsided to US military interests and as violative of Philippine sovereignty. The communist group also views that the Philippine government refuses to fully assert full jurisdiction on the case.[53] The Philippines was a territory of the United States from 1898 to 1946.[54]

The case has also prompted a discussion on transgender rights. A columnist for The Philippine Star wrote that the case provides for an "opportunity to further gender sensitivity, promote LGBT rights, and encourage tolerance and acceptance."[55]

In 2018, director PJ Raval released the documentary Call Her Ganda, following the three women intimately invested in the case: an activist attorney, a transgender journalist and Laude's mother.[56]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Duterte pardons US marine over transgender killing". BBC News. September 8, 2020.
  2. ^ "Philippine court upholds guilty verdict on U.S. Marine in..." Reuters. April 10, 2017 – via www.reuters.com.
  3. ^ Stern, Mark Joseph (August 25, 2015). "Marine Who Allegedly Killed Trans Woman Claims He Was Defending His Honor". Slate Magazine. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  4. ^ Redfern, Corinne (September 17, 2020). "He Killed a Transgender Woman in the Philippines. Why Was He Freed?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Marine's murder charge in the Philippines has international consequences". Marine Corps Times. Archived from the original on October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  6. ^ "Murder of Jennifer Laude 'monstrous' - German fiance". ABS-CBN News.
  7. ^ Norman P. Aquino (October 13, 2014). "U.S. Marine Held in Philippines After Transgender Murder". Bloomberg L.P.
  8. ^ Trisha Macas (October 16, 2014). "Transgender Jeffrey Laude: Badly bruised, wounded, drowned". GMA News. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  9. ^ "Olongapo slay suspect admitted he 'did something wrong' – mayor". Rappler. October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  10. ^ Per Liljas (October 23, 2014). "Witness Says Suspect U.S. Marine Didn't Know Murdered Filipina Was Transgender". TIME. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b "Revisiting the Jennifer Laude murder case". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Marine accused in Philippine killing tests US ties". Associated Press. October 19, 2014.
  13. ^ "DNA samples in Laude case do not match Pemberton's". Philippine Daily Inquirer. November 28, 2014. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  14. ^ "Pemberton, Laude DNA don't match those in condoms: lawyer". ABS-CBN News.
  15. ^ Trefor Moss (October 19, 2014). "U.S. Won't Surrender Marine Charged With Murder in Philippines". The Wall Street Journal.
  16. ^ Gomez, Jim (September 7, 2020). "US Marine Joseph Pemberton, convicted in 2014 murder of transgender woman Jennifer Laude, pardoned by Philippine president". USA Today via Associated Press. Retrieved September 13, 2020. A witness told investigators that Pemberton said he choked Laude after discovering she was transgender.
  17. ^ "U.S. Marine held in transgender death in Philippines - CNN.com". CNN. October 15, 2014.
  18. ^ "Philippines: U.S. Marine ID'd for transgender death - CNN.com". CNN. October 14, 2014.
  19. ^ "Jennifer Laude died from drowning: autopsy report". Rappler.com. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  20. ^ "Revisiting the Jennifer Laude murder case". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Court enters not guilty plea for Pemberton in Laude murder case". GMA News. GMA News. February 23, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b MERUEÑAS, MARK (December 22, 2014). "Pemberton runs to De Lima, seeks dismissal of murder case". GMA News. GMA News. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  23. ^ Macatuno, Allan (May 5, 2015). "PNP expert: Laude strangled, drowned". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  24. ^ "Philippine trial of US Marine starts after plea bargain fails". AFP. March 23, 2015.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b "Trial begins in the killing of Jennifer Laude". The Daily kos. March 24, 2015.
  26. ^ "Prosecution rests case in Pemberton trial". Rappler. June 30, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  27. ^ "U.S. Marine found guilty of killing transgender Filipino". USA TODAY. December 1, 2015.
  28. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Pemberton meted 6 to 12 years for homicide in Jennifer Laude case". InterAksyon.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2015.
  29. ^ "US Marine Convicted of Killing Transgender Woman in Philippines". VOA. December 2015.
  30. ^ Jump up to: a b "US Marine Joseph Scott Pemberton convicted of homicide in killing of Filipino transgender Jennifer Laude in Philippines". cbsnews.com. December 1, 2015.
  31. ^ "US marine guilty of Filipina transgender killing". BBC News. December 2015.
  32. ^ "Court affirms Pemberton's conviction but reduces sentence to up to 10 years". CNN Philippines. April 3, 2016. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  33. ^ "Pemberton counsel seeks early release". Asian Journal. August 29, 2020.
  34. ^ "Court orders Pemberton's early release". CNN Philippines. September 2, 2020. Archived from the original on September 2, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  35. ^ "Pemberton, convicted for slay of Jennifer Laude, ordered freed". GMA News. September 2, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  36. ^ Tomacruz, Sofia (September 7, 2020). "Duterte grants 'absolute pardon' to US soldier Pemberton". Rappler. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  37. ^ "After calling Pemberton release 'unjust,' Roque justifies Duterte pardon". Rappler. September 7, 2020.
  38. ^ "Duterte said Pemberton won't be freed while he's President, says Laude mom". GMA News Online. September 11, 2020.
  39. ^ Cabico, Gaea Katreena; Patag, Kristine Joy (September 10, 2020). "Roque believes Pemberton pardon linked to Duterte's desire to get COVID-19 vaccine access". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
  40. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Laude family condemns pardon granted to Pemberton". Manila Bulletin. September 7, 2020.
  41. ^ Cabato, Regine. "Philippines' Duterte pardons U.S. Marine convicted of murdering transgender woman" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
  42. ^ "'An affront to the Filipino people': Opposition senators slam Pemberton pardon". Rappler. September 7, 2020.
  43. ^ Лалу, Габриэль Пабико (8 сентября 2020 г.). «Цифры шоу -бизнеса присоединяются к критикам в осуждении абсолютного прощения в Пембертоне» . Inquirer.net .
  44. ^ «#Justiceforjenniferlaude: Филиппинцы осуждают прощение за американского солдата Пембертон» . Рапплер . 7 сентября 2020 года.
  45. ^ «Пембертон надеется извиниться перед семьей Лауд, это планы после прощения Дутерте - адвоката» . CNN Филиппины . Архивировано с оригинала 10 сентября 2020 года . Получено 11 сентября 2020 года .
  46. ^ Гонсалес, Катрин (8 сентября 2020 г.). «Пембертон» очень счастлив »на грант по прощению от Дутерте, говорит адвокат» . Inquirer.net .
  47. ^ «Пембертон выражает« искреннюю симпатию »семье Лауд, спасибо Дутерте за прощение» . CNN . 13 сентября 2020 года.
  48. ^ «Пембертон надеется вернуться в школу после прощения Дутерте: адвокат» . ABS-CBN News . 8 сентября 2020 года.
  49. ^ Патаг, Кристиан Джой (14 сентября 2020 г.). «Роке говорит, что Пембертон встретится с военным военным судом США» . Philstar Global
  50. ^ «Я тоже плачу справедливости за Дженнифер» . Булатлат. 22 октября 2014 года.
  51. ^ «Посещаемость потребования 4 морских пехотинцев в расследовании Laude Death, DFA, сказал DOJ» . GMA News .
  52. ^ За лильджа. «Филиппины: трансгендерное убийство становится сплоченным пунктом для прав ЛГБТ» . Время .
  53. ^ Сисон, Бебот -младший (20 декабря 2014 г.). "Пембертон стремится понижать рэп " Филиппинская звезда Получено 21 , декабря
  54. ^ Уэйли, Флойд (22 октября 2014 г.). «Арест американского морского пехотинца в убийстве на Филиппинах может проверить связи» . New York Times . Получено 26 октября 2014 года .
  55. ^ Гонсалес, Джозеф Т. (19 октября 2014 г.). «Дж. Лауд и гордый: глядя на вопрос» . Филиппинская звезда . Получено 4 декабря 2014 года .
  56. ^ «Tribeca 2018: лучшие ЛГБТ -фильмы, которые можно увидеть на фестивале этого года, от« непослушания »до документального фильма« Студия 54 » . IndieWire . 18 апреля 2018 года.
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