TEL NOF Airbase
TEL NOF Израильская воздушная база База ВВС 8 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
База ВВС | |||||||||||||
Реховот , центральный район в Израиле | |||||||||||||
![]() | |||||||||||||
Coordinates | 31°50′22.10″N 34°49′18.64″E / 31.8394722°N 34.8218444°E | ||||||||||||
Type | Airbase | ||||||||||||
Site information | |||||||||||||
Owner | Israel Defense Forces | ||||||||||||
Operator | Israeli Air Force | ||||||||||||
Site history | |||||||||||||
Built | 1939 RAF / 1948 IAF | ||||||||||||
In use | 1939 - present | ||||||||||||
Airfield information | |||||||||||||
Identifiers | ICAO: LLEK | ||||||||||||
Elevation | 59 metres (194 ft) AMSL | ||||||||||||
|
nof ( иврит : בָּסִיס . Airbase Tel eмобильно Обест חֵיל- - Реховот , Израиль . В Tel Nof размещаются два удара -бойца, два вертолета и БПЛА -эскадрилья. На базе также расположены центр летных испытаний и несколько специальных подразделений Сил обороны Израиля (IDF), среди прочего, подразделение 669 (Heliborne Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR)) и учебный центр бригады десантов и его штаб.
История
[ редактировать ]Основанный в июле 1939 года как RAF AQIR во время британского мандата , он служил главной базой для Королевских ВВС (RAF) в Палестине . Он был назван в честь палестинской деревни Акир к северу от нее, которая погибла в Палестинской войне 1948 года и была расположена в районе сегодняшнего Кирьят Экрон .
Operational units from 1941 to 1948:
- No. 6 Squadron between 17 and 24 February 1941 with the Westland Lysander[1]
- No. 10 Squadron detachment (1942) Handley Page Halifax
- No. 11 Squadron (1941) Bristol Blenheim IV
- No. 32 Squadron (1946) Supermarine Spitfire IX
- No. 37 Squadron (1945) Consolidated Liberator VI
- No. 45 Squadron (1941) Bristol Blenheim IV
- No. 55 Squadron (1941) Bristol Blenheim IV
- No. 70 Squadron (1945) Consolidated Liberator VI
- No. 80 Squadron (1941) Hawker Hurricane I
- No. 84 Squadron (1941) Bristol Blenheim IV
- No. 113 Squadron (1946–1947) Handley Page Halifax
- No. 159 Squadron (1942) Consolidated Liberator II
- No. 160 Squadron (1942) Consolidated Liberator II
- No. 162 Squadron (1942) Vickers Wellington later Bristol Blenheim IV
- No. 208 Squadron (1941) Hawker Audax and (1946) Supermarine Spitfire VIII
- No. 211 Squadron (1941) Bristol Blenheim IV
- No. 215 Squadron (1947) Douglas Dakota I
- No. 221 Squadron detachment (1945) Vickers Wellington XII
- No. 227 Squadron (1942) Handley Page Halifax
- No. 250 Squadron (1941) Curtiss Tomahawk IIB
- No. 294 Squadron detachment (1944) Vickers Wellington IC
- No. 335 (Greek) Squadron (1941) Hawker Hurricane I
- No. 450 Squadron RAAF (1941) Hawker Hurricane I
- No. 620 Squadron (1946) Douglas Dakota and Handley Page Halifax
- No. 621 Squadron (1946) Avro Lancaster ASR.III
- No. 680 Squadron detachment (1945) Fairchild Argus
- No. 76 Operational Training Unit Vickers Wellington - Formed at RAF Aqir on 1 October 1943, equipped with Vickers Wellington Mk.IIIs and Xs to train night bomber crews for squadrons in the Middle East, disbanding on 30 July 1945.[2] 76 OTU, despite operating Wellingtons, were also working up crews for B-24 Liberators. After completion of their course those crews were passed on to Liberator conversion units.[3][4]
-
A Greek pilot in front of a British Hawker Hurricane at RAF Aqir, 1939-1943
-
A 76 OTU Vickers Wellington Mark X at RAF Aqir, 1944-1945
-
Handley Page Halifax of 113 Squadron from RAF Aqir, 1946-1947
After the British withdrew in 1948, the base was named Ekron Airbase after this Israeli village and, from 1950, Tel Nof Airbase (English: Lookout hill). The name "Tel Nof" dates back to the 1930s, when the area was known by this name as an urban development area, similar to the then-thriving "Tel Aviv" (English: Spring hill).
First fighter aircraft
[edit]On 29 May 1948, the first four fighter aircraft Avia S-199 of the first aircraft squadron 101 "First Fighter" of the Israeli Air Force (IAF) took off from here for their first mission, an attack on the Ad Halom Bridge on the eastern outskirts of Ashdod, which was in the hands of Egyptian troops. Important was less the modest military success of this operation than the shock to the Egyptian soldiers when they saw with their own eyes that Israel now had an Air Force.
On 17 August 1948, Tel Nof Airbase was officially and ceremoniously opened. Hatzor Airbase and Ramat David Airbase taken over by the British soon followed. The IAF Flight Academy was initially set up in Tel Nof until it was moved to the newly built Hatzerim Airbase in 1966.[5]
-
Czech Avia S-199 of Israeli 101 Squadron at Ekron Airbase in 1948
-
An Avia S-199 of 101 Squadron at the IAF Museum in 2006
-
A Spitfire Mk.IXe of 101 Squadron, from the early days of the IAF
-
A P-51D Mustang of 101 Squadron of the IAF, from the early days too
Paratroopers Brigade
[edit]During the 1948 Palestine War there was a provisional paratroopers unit in Israel, which was expanded from the beginning of the 1950s into a regular Paratroopers Brigade, whose headquarters and training center is still located on Tel Nof to this day. This brigade and its units has since been involved in many important operations in Israel's wars, such as: the Suez Crisis and the Six-Day War, where the conquest of the Old City of Jerusalem with the capture of the Temple Mount and the Western Wall by Israeli paratroopers was particularly remembered. One and a half kilometers west of Tel Nof is the main Paratroopers Memorial on Road 40, which commemorates those who fell in these units.
-
Soldiers of the Israel Paratroopers Brigade at Tel Nof Airbase in 1955
-
Israeli paratroopers reach the Western Wall on 7 June 1967
-
Paratroopers Memorial west of Tel Nof near National Road 40
Yom Kippur War
[edit]
Tel Nof Airbase has been steadily expanded over the years, and during the Yom Kippur War in October 1973, seven air squadrons operated at the base. While the Six-Day War 1967 was still characterized by French-made fighter aircraft, US ones now dominate:
- 119 Squadron "Bat" with F-4E Phantom II Kurnass heavy strike fighter jets
- 115 Squadron "Flying Dragon" with A-4H/N Skyhawk Ayit light strike fighter jets
- 116 Squadron "Defenders Of The South" with A-4H/N Skyhawk Ayit light strike fighter jets
- 118 Squadron "Night Riders" with CH-53D Sea Stallion Yas'ur heavy transport helicopters
- 114 Squadron "Night Leaders" with Super Frelon Tzirʿa heavy transport helicopters
- 124 Squadron "Rolling Sword" with Bell 205 light general-purpose helicopters
- 103 Squadron "Elephants" with Nord Noratlas transport aircraft
-
A-4H/N Skyhawk Ayit, stationed in two squadrons at Tel Nof, here in the IAF Museum at Hatzerim Airbase
Arrival of the F-15
[edit]From 1976, the then new F-15A/B Eagle Baz fighter jets were introduced with 133 Squadron "Knights Of The Twin Tail", which made Israel the first country in the world outside the United States to possess this aircraft. Because the landing of the first three planes was delayed on that Friday, 10 December 1976, the reception ceremony was also delayed and only ended shortly before the beginning of Shabbat. As a result, some government ministers didn't have enough time to return home before the start of Shabbat. Its "desecration" led to a government crisis and ultimately to the collapse of the coalition of the first government of Yitzhak Rabin.
Nuclear weapons
[edit]It is assumed that Israel is in possession of nuclear weapons since the late 1960s and that they are stored at some point on Tel Nof in a specially secured area (presumably here: 31°50′52″N 34°48′53″E / 31.847892°N 34.814606°E) and on the neighboring Sdot Micha Airbase in bunkers (presumably here: 31°45′21″N 34°55′03″E / 31.755783°N 34.917572°E) near the positions of Jericho missiles.[6][7][8][9] Fighter aircraft that can carry such weapons over long distances, like the F-15 Eagle (see gallery below) and once the F-4E Phantom II (see picture above) have been on alert around the clock at the base since the 1970s. This form of deterrence was one of the lessons that Israel learned from the Yom Kippur War in 1973, even though the country has not yet admitted that it has nuclear weapons.
Operation Wooden Leg
[edit]On 1 October 1985, under the name Operation Wooden Leg, ten two-seat F-15B/D Eagle Baz from Tel Nof (two of them in reserve) attacked the headquarters of the PLO near Tunis. On their 2,300 km long flight to the destination on the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia the F-15s were refueled several times by two Boeing 707 Re'em. The headquarters were completely destroyed and - depending on the source - 50 to 75 PLO fighters were killed, including many leaders, but not Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat. The action was condemned without dissent in the UNO, and the USA also criticized it because it strained its relationship with Tunisia. The eight F-15 jets from Tel Nof involved received a corresponding symbol (target cross in the red circle with a wooden leg, see picture in the gallery below).[10]
-
An F-15D from Tel Nof involved in Operation Wooden Leg with wooden leg symbol (left to the Star of David)
-
The F-15I Eagle Ra'am of the Flight Test Center at Tel Nof (see special symbol on tail)
Today
[edit]Today (2024), Tel Nof is home to two strike fighter jet and two transport helicopter squadrons as well as a drone squadron. Also located there is the IAF headquarters and the Flight Test Center with one example of all aircraft variants (see F-15I Eagle Ra'am in the gallery above and F-35I Adir in the gallery under "Units").
Current
[edit]Since January 2019, the so-called "Red Baron" Squadron has been operating on Tel Nof to train Israeli and German soldiers on the IAI Eitan (Heron TP) UAV. IAI (Israel Aerospace Industries) has built its own version of this UAV for the German Air Force, whose crews are now being trained by Israeli soldiers and technicians. This unit is the only non-fully Israeli squadron within the IAF.[11]
In November 2020, a brand-new F-35I Adir from the USA landed directly on Tel Nov. This specially equipped machine will serve as a test platform at the local Flight Test Center for further improvement of this stealth jet (see gallery under "Units").[12]
At the end of 2021, Israel ordered twelve new CH-53K King Stallion Wild transport helicopters from the US for two billion dollars, which will complement the CH-53D Sea Stallion Yas'ur on Tel Nof in the next few years. In July 2023, the 114 Squadron "Night Leaders" was temporarily closed and merged with the 118 Squadron "Night Riders". The former will reopen in the future and accommodate the new CH-53K King Stallion as they arrive from the United States (see gallery under "Units").[13][14][15][16]
The aging F-15C/D Eagle Baz fighter jets on Tel Nof will be replaced in the medium term by new F-15IA (Israel Advanced), which are based on the F-15EX Eagle II. 25 new jets for a complete squadron have already been ordered (but still need US approval), which will not be delivered until 2028 at the earliest, and 25 more aircraft are to be added at some point. These new, powerful strike fighter jets would be needed to carry heavy bunker-busting bombs that could then be used against Iran's underground nuclear facilities.[17][18]
During the Gaza War 2023/24, drones of the type IAI Eitan (Heron TP) from Tel Nof are 24 hours a day in the air over Gaza to provide the IDF with target data for its attacks against positions of the terrorist militia Hamas.[19] According to unofficial sources, these drones are also capable of attacking targets on the ground using guided weapons.
-
Tel Nof Airbase badge aka Air Force Base 8
-
The badge of Unit 669 Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR), nickname "Flying Cats"
-
The badge of the Israeli-German "Red Baron" Squadron at Tel Nof
-
ATC Tower at Tel Nof Airbase with a CH-53D Sea Stallion Yas'ur helicopter flying by
Units
[edit]- 106 Squadron "Edge Of The Spear" – operating F-15C/D Eagle Baz[20]
- 114 Squadron "Night Leaders" – temporarily closed until new CH-53K King Stallion Wild arrive from the US[16]
- 118 Squadron "Night Riders" – operating CH-53D Sea Stallion Yas'ur[16]
- 133 Squadron "Knights Of The Twin Tail" – operating F-15C/D Eagle Baz[21]
- 210 Squadron "White Eagle" – operating IAI Eitan UAVs[22][23]
- 5601 Squadron "Flight Test Center" Manat – operating examples of all IAF aircraft
- Unit 555 "Sky Ravens" – Electronic Warfare EW[24]
- Unit 669 "Flying Cats" – heliborne Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) (at Palmachim also)[25][26][27]
- Unit 888 "Refaim" – combined special operations task force[28]
- Paratroopers Brigade Training Center
- "Red Baron" Squadron – to train German and Israeli crews on the Heron TP Eitan UAV[11]
-
An F-15D Eagle Baz two-seater of 106 Squadron at Tel Nof
-
CH-53K King Stallion Wild will be based at Tel Nof in the coming years
-
CH-53D Sea Stallion Yas'ur of 118 Squadron from Tel Nof
-
An F-15C Eagle Baz of 133 Squadron with four "Kill Marks"
-
An IAI Eitan UAV of 210 Squadron from Tel Nof
-
The Tel Nof Flight Test Center gets a special F-35I Adir in 2020
-
The Unit 669 trains the rescue of people with a CH-53D Sea Stallion Yas'ur
-
Paratroopers rain down over southern Israel in March 2012
Note: IAF aircraft can usually be assigned to their squadron by the symbols on the tail
Accidents
[edit]
- In May 1983, an F-15D Eagle Baz from Tel Nov and an A-4 Skyhawk Ayit collided in mid-air during an exercise over the Negev desert in southern Israel. While the A-4 pilot ejected, the two-seat F-15D managed to land safely at nearby Ramon Airbase, despite having its right wing almost completely torn off in the collision. This was only possible because the F-15 pilot turned on the afterburners, compensating for the lack of lift. The landing took place at about twice the normal speed, and the jet only came to a stop shortly before the end of the runway. The aircraft manufacturer McDonnell Douglas was so impressed by what was happening that it sent over a new right wing free of charge. The aircraft with the number 957 was repaired and put back into service (see photo on the right).[29][30]
- On 4 February 1997, two CH-53 Sea Stallion Ya'sur helicopters of 118 Squadron "Night Riders" from Tel Nof collided over northern Israel while they were carrying soldiers into the Israeli security zone in Southern Lebanon. Both planes crashed, killing all 73 people on board - all male military personnel. The two crash sites were located in the Moshav She'ar Yashuv (Today's memorial: 33°13′23″N 35°38′28″E / 33.222984°N 35.641142°E) and in an open field near the Kibbutz Dafna. The crash, which represents the worst Israeli aviation disaster to date, sparked nationwide mourning and is considered one of the main reasons for Israel's decision to withdraw from Southern Lebanon in 2000.[31]
-
Остатки одного из двух разбитых вертолетов CH-53
-
Мусор второго разбитого вертолета CH-53
-
Спасение и транспорт жертв двух аварий вертолетов
-
Похороны одной из жертв с большим сочувствием
-
Портретные фотографии всех 73 жертв аварии
-
Мемориал в Империи в кану
-
Мемориал в She'ar Yashuv , один из двух аварийных мест
- 26 июля 2010 года вертолет CH-53 из 118 эскадрильи из Тель-Нофа потерпел крушение возле города Брайв в Румынии во время военных военных упражнений в румынском израильском языке в Карпатских горах . Все семь пассажиров погибли: четыре израильских пилота, две израильские механики и румынский офицер связи. Расследование определило, что авария, скорее всего, была из -за человеческой ошибки. [ 32 ]
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Jefford 1988 , p. 25
- ^ IWM CM 5756
- ^ "76 OTU-21-9-1944" .
- ^ Sturtivant & Hamlin 2007 , p. 205.
- ^ "Тел Ноф" . Глобальная безопасность . Получено 6 февраля 2009 года .
- ^ «Tel Nof Airbase - Seanselients - NTI» . Инициатива ядерной угрозы . Получено 13 апреля 2020 года .
- ^ «Tel Nof / Tel Nov - Израильские аэродромы» . Globalsecurity.org . Получено 13 апреля 2020 года .
- ^ «Призрак Димоны» . Spiegel-online (на немецком языке). 25 января 2004 года . Получено 24 февраля 2024 года .
- ^ «Израильское ядерное оружие, 2021 год» . Бюллетень атомных ученых 2022 . Получено 23 декабря 2023 года .
- ^ "Длинная нога" . Wayback-Machine: iaf-website . Получено 2 марта 2024 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный «Эскадрилья МАФ, которая обучает немецких экипажей» . Iaf-website . 2 июля 2020 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Центр летных испытаний получает первый экспериментальный« Adir » . Iaf-website . 11 ноября 2020 года . Получено 25 августа 2023 года .
- ^ «Будущий вертолет IAF» . Iaf-website . 25 февраля 2021 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Израильский Чоп Ч-53K» . Flugreve (у немцев). 26 февраля 2021 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Израиль знаком для CH-53K и KC-46A» . Flugrevue (на немецком языке). 1 января 2022 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в «Конец периода - 114 -я эскадрилья объединилась с 118 -й эскадрилья» . Iaf-website . 5 июля 2023 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Высокопоставленный чиновник Boeing в Израиле, чтобы подтолкнуть продажи продвинутых самолетов F-15 для забастовки Ирана» . Времена Израиля . 20 февраля 2023 года . Получено 13 октября 2023 года .
- ^ «Продажа F-15 в Израиль, как сообщается, готова закрыть, изменит ли это Газа?» Полем Зона военных действий . 3 апреля 2024 года . Получено 4 апреля 2024 года .
- ^ «Эскадрилья израильских авиационных сил израильских авиационных сил: крупнейший целевой поставщик ИДФ» . Защита Израиля . 8 ноября 2023 года . Получено 8 ноября 2023 года .
- ^ «Край эскадрильи копья» . Iaf-website . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Рыцари эскадрильи близнецов» . Iaf-website . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ « Белый орел» эскадрилья смотрит вперед » . Iaf-website . 29 декабря 2015 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «210 -й эскадрильи исполняется 10» . Iaf-website . 12 августа 2011 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «И они ударили их слепотой» . Иерусалимский пост . 29 сентября 2010 г. Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Блок 669» . IDF-Website . 27 декабря 2021 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Редкий взгляд в SAR Unit 669» . Iaf-website . 1 мая 2017 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Официально кошки: конец 669 курса» . Iaf-website . 13 июля 2023 года . Получено 26 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Такой единицы не существовало в ИДФ - до сегодняшнего дня» . Веб -сайт IDF (на иврите). 1 января 2020 года . Получено 8 ноября 2023 года .
- ^ «Как израильскому орлу F-15 удалось приземлиться с одним крылом» . theaviationist.com . 15 сентября 2014 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Истории экипажа: нет крыла F15» . USS-Bennington.org . 9 августа 2001 г. Получено 23 февраля 2024 года .
- ^ «Авария на вертолете 25 лет назад - как одеяло по стране » . Исраэльнец (на немецком языке). 4 февраля 2022 года . Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
- ^ «Солдаты ИДФ убили в Румынии на вертолете» . ynetnews.com . 27 июля 2010 г. Получено 25 сентября 2023 года .
Библиография
[ редактировать ]- Jefford, C.G. (1988). РАФ -эскадрильи. Комплексная запись о движении и оборудовании всех эскадрилий RAF и их предшественников с 1912 года . Шрусбери : Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-053-6 .
- Playfair, генерал-майор ISO ; Molony, бригадный CJC; С Flynn, Captain FC (RN) и Glave, Group Captain TP (2009) [1st. паб. HMSO : 1954]. Батлер, сэр Джеймс (ред.). Средиземноморский и Ближний Восток, том I: ранние успехи против Италии, до мая 1941 года . История Второй мировой войны, военный сериал Соединенного Королевства. Укфилд, Великобритания: военно -морская и военная пресса. ISBN 978-1-84574-065-8 .
- Sturtivant, R.; Hamlin, J. (2007). Королевские подразделения по летанию и поддержке Королевских ВВС с 1912 года . Великобритания: воздушный британский (историки). ISBN 978-0851-3036-59 .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]
- Aeroflight World Airions
- RAF в Палестине Архивировал 6 августа 2007 года на машине Wayback