Юлий Майкл Миллинген
Юлий Майкл Миллинген (1800–1878) был английским врачом и писателем. Он был одним из врачей, которые относились к лорду Байрону после его смерти.
Жизнь
[ редактировать ]Он родился в Лондоне 19 июля 1800 года, сын Джеймса Миллингена . Он провел свои первые годы в Кале и Париже , и его отправили в школу в Риме . В праздничные дни он совершал пешеходные экскурсии в Германии, по одному из которых, как говорят, посетил Гете в Веймаре . В 1817 году он поступил в Эдинбургский университет и посещал там занятия по медицинским обслуживанию до 1821 года, когда получил диплом Королевского колледжа хирургов Эдинбурга . [ 1 ]
Когда был сформирован лондонский филлелленский комитет , Миллинген был рекомендован Уильямом Смитом , а 27 августа 1823 года он покинул Англию в Корфу , с письмами о введении к греческому правительству и лорду Байрону . Прибыв в ASOS в Cephalonia в ноябре того же года, он обнаружил Байрона в Metaxata и провел с ним некоторое время. Позже он сопровождал его в Миссолонги и присутствовал на нем по последней болезни, которая, при вскрытии, Миллинген объявил о гнойном менингите, который его обвинил Франческо Бруно, еще один из врачей Байрона, в статье в Вестминстерском обзоре , с вызванным вызванным Его смерть, откладывая флеботомию . Миллинген подробно ответил в своих мемуарах . [ 1 ] Современное мнение заключается в том, что оба врача были виновны в смерти Байрона за их использование кровотечения . [ 2 ]
Soon after Byron's death in 1824, Millingen had a severe attack of typhoid fever; on recovering he was appointed surgeon in the Greek army, in which he served until its surrender to the Turks.[1] On 31 March 1825, he was appointed surgeon of the Neokastro garrison which at the time was undergoing a siege by Egyptian troops.[3] He was taken prisoner by Ibrahim Pasha, and released only after representations by Stratford Canning, then British ambassador to the Sublime Porte. In November 1826 Millingen went to Smyrna, and after a short stay in Kutaya and Broussa, settled in 1827 in Constantinople. There he attained a reputation as a physician.[1]
Millingen was also court physician to Mahmud II and his four successors as Sultan; he was one of a commission appointed to inquire into the death of Sultan Abdulaziz. He was also a member of the International Medical Congress on Cholera held in Constantinople in 1866, and an original member and afterwards president of the General Society of Medicine.
In 1858, Millingen wrote an article on oriental baths for a French medical journal,[4] an English translation of which later appeared in The Free Press as part of an issue largely devoted to the Turkish bath.[5] At that time the paper was owned by David Urquhart and financed by Richard Crawshay, both soon to become involved in the building of the Jermyn Street Hammam in London. Crawshay wrote asking Millingen for advice and was sent a further article with two illustrations which may have provided some input to the design of The Hammam.[6]
Like his father, Millingen was an archæologist. For many years he was president of the Greek Syllogos or Literary Society of Constantinople, where he lectured in Greek on archæological subjects. He discovered the ruins of Aczani in Phrygia, an account of which was published by George Thomas Keppel, and excavated the site of the temple of Jupiter Urius on the Bosphorus.[1]
In a major fire at Pera in 1870, Millingen lost most of his belongings, and a manuscript biography of Byron. He died in Constantinople on 1 December 1878.[1]
Works
[edit]Millingen published:[1]
- Memoirs of the Affairs of Greece, with Anecdotes relating to Lord Byron, London, 1831, vol. i. only (vol. ii. remained in manuscript). Its publication involved him in controversy with Edward John Trelawny.[2]
- Arbitrary Detention by the Inquisition at Rome of three Protestant Children in Defiance of the Will of their Father, London, 1842.
He also contributed an article in French on "Oriental Baths" to the Gazette Médicale d'Orient, 1 January 1858.[1]
Family
[edit]Millingen separated from his first wife Marie Angélique Dejean (1812–1873), a Roman Catholic who then embraced Islam, and was married twice.[7] She married, secondly, Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha.[8]
The children of the first marriage included:
- A daughter, Evelin or Evelina (1831–1900), who married Count Almorò Pisani.[9][10][11] Henry James wrote in a letter that she "makes one believe in the romantic heroines of D'Israeli and Bulwer".[12]
- Frederick van Millingen (1833/34–c.1901), the second son, took the name Osman Bey and joined the Ottoman army; and later called himself Vladimir Andrejevitch. He was in the Ottoman service 1853 to 1864, but clashed with Fuad Pasha.[1][8][13][14]
- James R. van Millingen (Constantinople, 1835; id. 1876), who became the Director of Ottoman Telegraphs
The children of the second marriage included:
- Alexander van Millingen (1840–1915), the third son.[15]
- Charles [van] Millingen (Constantinople, 1842 – Tehran, 1880) and John [van] Millingen (Constantinople, 1842 – 1844), twin brothers
The children of the third marriage included:
- Julius Robertson van Millingen (Constantinople, 22 November 1848 – Dunblane, Scotland, 16 November 1940)
- Edwin [van] Millingen (Constantinople, 30 April 1850 – Constantinople, 7 April 1900), who was an oculist in Eastern Europe.[1]
Marie Millingen, née Dejean, took the name Melek Hanum. She was divorced by her second husband, and wrote an autobiography, Thirty Years in the Harem (1872).[16]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Lee, Sidney, ed. (1894). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 37. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Hall, David Cameron. "Millingen, Julius Michael". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18760. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Sakellariou, Michael (2016). Η απόβαση του Ιμπραήμ στήν Πελοπόνησσο καταλύτης για την αποδιοργάνωση τής Ελληνικής Επανάστασης [The Landing of Ibrahim in Peloponnese a catalyst in the reorganization of the Greek Revolution] (in Greek). Heraklion: Panepistimiakes Ekdoseis Kritis. p. 201. ISBN 9789605243548.
- ^ Millingen, Julius Michael. 'Les Bains Orientaux'. Gazette Médicale d'Orient (1 January 1858)
- ^ Millingen, Julis Michael. ‘The eastern bath’ Free Press (26 May 1858) pp.131–2
- ^ Avcıoğlu, Nebahat (2011) Turquerie and the politics of representation, 1728–1876 (Farnham: Ashgate) pp.214, 216
- ^ Irvin C. Schick, "Introduction to the reprint", in Melek Hanım, Thirty years in the harem, Piscataway, NJ, 2005, p. i*-xl*. Melek Hanım (“Madame Angélique”) is the muslim name of Marie Angélique Dejean.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Şerif Mardin (2000). The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas. Syracuse University Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8156-2861-3.
- ^ Judith Harris, Evelina: a Victorian heroine in Venice, Stroud (UK): Fonthill Media, 2017.
- ^ Warren Adelson (2006). Sargent's Venice. Yale University Press. p. 150. ISBN 0-300-11717-5.
- ^ Cesare G. De Michelis (2004). Protocolli Dei Savi Di Sion. U of Nebraska Press. p. 166. ISBN 0-8032-1727-7.
- ^ Henry James (1980). Letters. Harvard University Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-674-38782-9.
- ^ Cesare G. De Michelis (2004). Protocolli Dei Savi Di Sion. U of Nebraska Press. p. 154. ISBN 0-8032-1727-7.
- ^ Родерик Х. Дэвисон (8 декабря 2015 г.). Реформа в Османской империи, 1856-1876 . ПРИЗНАЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТА ПРИСЕТА. п. 450. ISBN 978-1-4008-7876-5 .
- ^ «Коллекции короля: Архивные каталоги: Миллинген, профессор Александр Ван (1840-1915)» . Получено 22 февраля 2017 года .
- ^ Ирвин С. Шик, «Введение в переиздание», в Мелеке Ханиме, тридцать лет в гареме , Пискатауэй, Нью -Джерси, 2005; Родерик Х. Дэвисон (8 декабря 2015 г.). Реформа в Османской империи, 1856-1876 . ПРИЗНАЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТА ПРИСЕТА. п. 33 Примечание 49. ISBN 978-1-4008-7876-5 .
- Атрибуция
Эта статья включает в себя текст из публикации, который сейчас в общественном доступе : Ли, Сидни , изд. (1894). « Миллинген, Юлиус Майкл ». Словарь национальной биографии . Тол. 37. Лондон: Smith, Elder & Co.
