Кантон Гларуса
Кантон Гларуса
Кантон Гларуса ( немецкий ) | |
|---|---|
 Флаг  Герб | |
 Location in Switzerland
Map of Glarus | |
| Coordinates: 46°59′N 9°4′E / 46.983°N 9.067°E | |
| Capital | Glarus |
| Largest municipality | Glarus Nord |
| Subdivisions | 3 municipalities |
| Government | |
| • Executive | Regierungsrat (5) |
| • Legislative | Landsgemeinde Landrat (60) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 685.32 km2 (264.60 sq mi) |
| Population (December 2020)[2] | |
| • Total | 40,851 |
| • Density | 60/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| GDP | |
| • Total | CHF 2.763 billion (2020) |
| • Per capita | CHF 67,849 (2020) |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-GL |
| Highest point | 3,613 m (11,854 ft): Tödi |
| Lowest point | 412 m (1,352 ft): Linth channel at border to St.Gallen |
| Joined | 1352 |
| Languages | German |
| Website | www |
Кантон Гларуса ( Немецкий : Кантон Гларуса [ˈlaːrʊs] ; Романш : Чантун Гларуна ; Французский : Кантон де Гларис ; Итальянский : Canton Glarona )-кантон в Восточной Центральной Швейцарии . Столица - Гларус . Население говорит о разнообразных алеманских немецких . Большинство населения (81%) идентифицируют себя как христианин , о равномерно разделенном между протестантами и католиками .
История
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Согласно легенде, жители долины Линта были обращены в христианство в 6-м веке ирландским монахом Сент-Фридолином , основателем аббатства Сакингена в том, что сейчас является немецким штатом Баден-Вюртемберг . С 9 -го века район вокруг Гларуса принадлежала аббатству Сакингена, город Гляр был записан как Кларона . Алеманни начал поселиться в долине с начала 8 -го века. Алеманский немецкий язык проходил только постепенно и был доминирующим к 11 веку. К 1288 году Габсбурги претендовали на все права аббатства.
Glarus joined the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1352 as one of the foundational eight cantons (Acht Orte) of the period of 1353–1481. The first recorded Landsgemeinde of Glarus took place in 1387. Habsburg's attempts to reconquer the valley were repelled in the Battle of Näfels of 1388. A banner depicting Saint Fridolin was used to rally the people of Glarus at that battle, and from that time Glarus has used the image of Saint Fridolin on its flags and in its coat of arms.
The County of Werdenberg was annexed to Glarus in 1517. Between 1506 and 1516 the later reformer Huldrych Zwingli was a priest in Glarus, but Glarus remained Catholic, and by 1564 all of Zwingli's followers were eliminated. This, however, did not end the struggles between the Protestants and the Catholics in the area. To secure peace it was decided that each party should have its own assembly (Landsgemeinde) in 1623, and at a later stage in 1683, each side was granted the right to have its own tribunals.
Between 1798 and 1803 Glarus was part of the canton of Linth as established by Napoleon. In 1836 the constitution was adapted to unite the assemblies and establish a single Landsgemeinde.
In the early 1840s, after several years of failed crops and as food became scarce, much of the canton found itself deep in poverty. With more workers than available jobs, emigration to the United States of America was seen as a solution. The Glarus Emigration Society was established in 1844, which offered loans to help residents purchase land in the New World. Many of the resulting emigrants went to the state of Wisconsin, where they founded the town of New Glarus.[4]
On May 6, 2007, Glarus became the first Swiss canton to lower the voting age to 16.[5]
Geography
[edit]
The canton of Glarus is dominated by the deep valley of the Linth River and the smaller Sernftal on the east. Most of the area is mountainous. The highest peak in the Glarus Alps is the Tödi at 3,614 meters (11,857 ft) Other mountains include the Hausstock (3,158 meters (10,361 ft)) and the Glärnisch (2,910 meters (9,550 ft)). The canton contains part of a thrust fault that was declared a geologic UNESCO World Heritage Site, under the name Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona, in 2008. Famous outcrops in the Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona include those at Lochsite near Glarus and in a mountain cliff called Tschingelhörner between Elm and Flims (in the same cliff is a natural hole called the Martinsloch). There is also a large lake called Walensee (Lake Walen) on the north. The total area of the canton of Glarus is 685 square kilometers (264 sq mi), of which about half is considered productive. Forestry is an important branch of industry in the canton.
Municipalities
[edit]
The Landsgemeinde (cantonal assembly) of 2006 decided that the 25 municipalities of Glarus be consolidated to three, effective 1 January 2011.
- The new municipality of Glarus subsumed the former municipalities of Glarus, Ennenda, Netstal and Riedern.
- Glarus Nord subsumed Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Mühlehorn, Näfels, Niederurnen, Oberurnen and Obstalden.
- Glarus Süd subsumed Betschwanden, Braunwald, Elm, Engi, Haslen (including Leuggelbach and Nidfurn), Linthal, Luchsingen (including Diesbach and Hätzingen), Matt, Mitlödi, Rüti, Schwanden, Schwändi and Sool.
Demographics
[edit]The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) is 40,851.[2] As of 2007[update], the population included 7,314 foreigners (or 19.13% of the total population).[6]
The population (as of 2000[update]) is nearly evenly split between Protestants (44%) and Roman Catholics (37%).[7]
83.6% is German-speaking and 6.8% is Italian-speaking.
Historical population
[edit]The historical population is given in the following table:
| Historic Population Data[8] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Total Population | Swiss | Non-Swiss | Population share of total country |
| 1850 | 30,213 | 29 965 | 248 | 1.3% |
| 1880 | 34,242 | 33 175 | 1 038 | 1.2% |
| 1900 | 32,349 | 30 801 | 1 548 | 1.0% |
| 1950 | 37,663 | 34 726 | 2 937 | 0.8% |
| 1970 | 38,155 | 31 321 | 6 834 | 0.6% |
| 2000 | 38,183 | 30 251 | 7 932 | 0.5% |
| 2020 | 40,851 | 0.5% | ||
Economy
[edit]
The geography of the canton helped to establish slate works in the 17th century. The mountainous surroundings of Glarus were also an advantage in industrialisation. Cotton spinning was important in the 18th century, complementing traditional woolen spinning. Industrialisation also brought cotton printing, hydroelectric plants and later metal and machinery factories, as well as paper mills.
In 2014, about 5% of the workers in Glarus work in the primary sector (the total for all of Switzerland is 3.3%) Of these 5%, in 2008, nearly three-quarters are involved in dairy farming and cattle breeding. In 2014 the secondary sector employed 8,322 or about 38.2% of the total, which is much higher than 21.8% for the entire country. Of those in the secondary sector, over one-quarter worked in the construction industry. The tertiary sector employed 12,366 or about 56.8% of the total, which is almost 18% lower than 74.9% nationwide. Of those in the tertiary sector, 11.72% work in retail shops and 10.37% are in health care.[9]
Politics
[edit]Federal election results
[edit]| Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971-2019[10][11] | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Ideology | 1971 | 1975 | 1979 | 1983 | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 1999 | 2003 | 2007 | 2011 | 2015 | 2019 | |
| FDP.The Liberalsa | Classical liberalism | 42.4 | * b | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| SP/PS | Democratic socialism | 57.2 | 64.7 | * | * | * | 53.7 | 83.9 | 85.7 | 67.1 | 55.5 | 24.6 | 45.0 | 28.2 | |
| SVP/UDC | Swiss nationalism | * | * | 81.8 | 92.3 | 85.6 | 42.8 | * | * | * | 35.1 | * | * | * | |
| BDP/PBD | Fiscal conservatism | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 61.7 | 51.5 | 63.0 | |
| GPS/PES | Green politics | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 2.7 | |
| Другой | 0.4 | 35.3 | 18.2 | 7.7 | 14.4 | 3.5 | 16.1 | 14.3 | 32.9 | 9.4 | 13.7 | 3.5 | 6.0 | ||
| Участие избирателей % | 61.7 | 33.4 | 35.4 | 26.3 | 22.7 | 41.8 | 24.5 | 28.2 | 25.3 | 32.6 | 34.2 | 41.5 | 39.9 | ||
- ^ FDP до 2009 года, FDP. Либералы после 2009 года
- ^b "*" указывает, что партия не была в избирательном бюллетене в этом кантоне.
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]Примечания и ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Статистика зоны земли - кантоны и большие регионы после 6 основных районов по состоянию на 27 октября 2017 года
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный «Постоянное и нерезидентное население в соответствии с институциональной структурой, местом рождения и гражданства» . bfs.admin.ch (на немецком языке). Швейцарское федеральное статистическое управление - Стат -Таб. 31 декабря 2020 года . Получено 21 сентября 2021 года .
- ^ Статистика, Федеральное управление (2021-01-21). «Валовой внутренний продукт (ВВП) в соответствии с основным регионом и кантоном - 2008-2018 | Таблица» . Федеральное управление статистики (на немецком языке) . Получено 2023-07-01 .
- ^ J. Jacob Tschudy. «Дополнительные заметки о новом гларе», Висконсинские исторические коллекции, вып. VIII (1879).
- ^ Swissinfo [ Постоянная мертвая ссылка ] , Получено 7 мая 2007 года
- ^ Федеральный департамент статистики (2008). «Постоянное население жителей для национальности, пола и кантонов» . Архивировано из оригинала (Microsoft Excel) 15 декабря 2008 года . Получено 5 ноября 2008 года .
- ^ Федеральный департамент статистики (2004). "Wohnbevölkerung nach religion" . Архивировано из оригинала (интерактивная карта) 2016-09-24 . Получено 2009-01-15 .
- ^ «Гларус (кантон)» . Историческая лексика Швейцарии (на немецком языке) . Получено 2022-01-25 .
- ^ «Рабочие места и сотрудники в соответствии с кантоном, экономическим департаментом и размером» . Стату-таб (на немецком языке). Федеральное статистическое управление. 2014 . Получено 18 апреля 2017 года . [ Постоянная мертвая ссылка ]
- ^ Выборы национального совета: сила сторон в соответствии с кантонами (Швейцария = 100%) (отчет). Швейцарский федеральный статистический офис. 2015 . Получено 2016-08-05 .
- ^ «Федеральный год выборов - Кантон Гларуса» . Wahlen.admin.ch . Швейцарский федеральный статистический офис. 2019 . Получено 14 ноября 2019 года .
Внешние ссылки
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- Официальный сайт (на немецком языке)
- Официальная статистика
- Кулидж, Уильям Август Бреворт (1911). . Энциклопедия Британская . Тол. 12 (11 -е изд.). п. 78
