Королевская военно-морская академия

Королевская военно-морская академия
Королевская военно-морская академия
	Королевская военно-морская академия, Портсмут
Активный	1733–1837
Страна	Великобритания
Ветвь	Королевский флот
Тип	Обучение
Роль	Офицерская подготовка

Королевская военно-морская академия была учреждением, основанным в 1733 году на верфи Портсмута для подготовки офицеров Королевского флота . Намерения основателей заключались в том, чтобы предоставить альтернативные способы набора офицеров и обеспечить стандартизированное обучение, образование и прием. В 1806 году он был переименован в Королевский военно-морской колледж , а в 1816 году стал Королевским военно-морским колледжем и Школой военно-морской архитектуры . В 1837 году он был закрыт как учебное заведение для абитуриентов.

Обучение

В 1733 году на верфи было устроено береговое сооружение на 40 рекрутов. Обширная программа обучения предусматривала теоретический и практический опыт работы на верфи и в море. Выпускники Академии могли заработать два года морского стажа в рамках учебы и смогут сдать экзамен на лейтенанта после четырех лет плавания вместо шести. Однако Академия не достигла цели стать предпочтительным путем к карьере военно-морского офицера; традиционные средства морского «ученичества» оставались предпочтительной альтернативой. Подавляющее большинство офицерского состава по-прежнему набиралось таким образом на основе семейных связей и покровительства. Семейные связи, «интерес» и искренняя вера в превосходство практического опыта, полученного на юте, обеспечили предпочтение офицерского класса традиционной модели. Вильгельм IV подытожил эту точку зрения, заметив, что «не было места лучше юта британского военного корабля для обучения джентльмена». ^[1]

Было явное предубеждение против выпускников. Тогдашний рейтинг мичман-орден, или мичман-ординарный , использовался специально для выпускников Королевской военно-морской академии, чтобы отличать их от гардемаринов, служивших на корабле, которым платили больше. ^[2] После двух лет службы в море выпускники академии имели право получить звание гардемарина. ^[3]

В 1806 году Академия была преобразована в «Королевский военно-морской колледж», а в 1816 году была объединена со « Школой военно-морской архитектуры ». ^[4]

Колледж закрылся как учебное заведение для молодых офицеров 30 марта 1837 года, а это означало, что с этого дня все молодые люди, отправляющиеся на военно-морскую карьеру, отправлялись прямо в море. ^[5] Закрытие колледжа создало пробел в подготовке офицеров, и в 1857 году двухпалубный корабль «Илластриус» взял на себя роль учебного корабля кадетов в Портсмуте. В 1859 году его заменил трёхпалубный пароход «Британия» , который был переведён в Портленд в 1862 году и в Дартмут в 1863 году. ^[6]

Известные личности

Выдающимся выпускником Академии был Филип Брок , который посещал Академию в 1791 году. Он добился особой известности как капитан HMS Shannon в победе над военным кораблем USS Chesapeake в войне 1812 года . Двое Джейн Остин братьев , Фрэнсис и Чарльз , посещали Академию в 1786 и 1791 годах соответственно. Оба впоследствии стали адмиралами. ^[7]

Другой ветеран войны 1812 года, Генри Дьюси Чадс , учился в Академии, прежде чем присоединиться к Королевскому флоту. Он был первым лейтенантом HMS Java во время ее захвата военным кораблем USS «Конституция» . Командование кораблем перешло к Чадсу, когда его капитан был смертельно ранен в конце боя. Он был вынужден сдать сильно поврежденную Яву . ^[8]

Губернаторы

26 июня 1733–1754: капитан Ричард Хьюз.
25 августа 1773 г. - 23 января 1778 г. капитан Джеймс Гамбье.
6 ноября 1780 г. - 29 марта 1790 г.: капитан Генри Мартин.

Лейтенанты-губернаторы

23 марта 1807 - 12 августа 1819: капитан Джон Гиффард.
1819: капитан Джон Уэйнрайт
4 ноября 1819 - 10 января 1837: капитан Джон Вентворт Лоринг.

Мастера

1733–1740 Томас Хазельден, ФРС
1740–1755 Джон Уолтон
1755–1766 Джон Робертсон, ФРС ^[9]
1766–1785 Джордж Уитчелл, ФРС ^[10]
1785–1807 Уильям Бэйли
1807–1838 Джеймс Инман - профессор Королевского военно-морского колледжа.

Примечания

^ Дикинсон 2007 , с. 32
^ Льюис 1939 , с. 217
^ Дикинсон 2007 , с. 38
^ Хилл, Джон Р. и Брайан Рэнфт, редакторы. 2002 с. 251
^ Дикинсон 2007 , с. 57
^ Дикинсон 2007 , с. 66
^ «Филип Брок» . Онлайн-словарь канадской биографии . Проверено 6 сентября 2018 года .
^ Стивен, Лесли , изд. (1887). «Чадс, Генри Дьюси» . Словарь национальной биографии . Том. 09. Лондон: Смит, Элдер и компания.
^ Британское общество истории математики
^ Карты затмений

Ссылки

Дикинсон, HW (2007), Обучение Королевского флота , Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-37641-9 , OCLC 221337177 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: отсутствует местоположение издателя ( ссылка )
Хилл, Джон Р. и Брайан Рэнфт, ред. (2002) Оксфордская иллюстрированная история Королевского флота , Oxford University Press
Льюис, Майкл (1939), Морские офицеры Англии , Лондон: Джордж Аллен и Анвин, OCLC 1084558
Роджер НАМ, Деревянный мир, Анатомия ВМС Грузии , Фонтана, 1988 г.
Кенеди Дж., Нельсон К., ред. Прошлое, настоящее и будущее военного образования , Издательская группа Greenwood, 2002 г.

50 ° 48'00 ″ с.ш. 1 ° 06'20 ″ з.д. / 50,8000 ° с.ш. 1,1055 ° з.д. / 50,8000; -1,1055

[Dickinson32-1] Дикинсон 2007 , с. 32

[lewis217-2] Льюис 1939 , с. 217

[Dickinson38-3] Дикинсон 2007 , с. 38

[4] Хилл, Джон Р. и Брайан Рэнфт, редакторы. 2002 с. 251

[Dickinson57-5] Дикинсон 2007 , с. 57

[Dickinson66-6] Дикинсон 2007 , с. 66

[7] «Филип Брок» . Онлайн-словарь канадской биографии . Проверено 6 сентября 2018 года .

[8] Стивен, Лесли , изд. (1887). «Чадс, Генри Дьюси» . Словарь национальной биографии . Том. 09. Лондон: Смит, Элдер и компания.

[9] Британское общество истории математики

[10] Карты затмений

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