Португальские канадцы
| Общая численность населения | |
|---|---|
| 448,310 (По происхождению, переписи 2021 года ) [ 1 ] | |
| Регионы со значительным населением | |
Торонто 85 165
Ватерлоо, Онтарио [ 2 ] | |
| Языки | |
| Преимущественно канадский английский , квебекский французский и португальский и/или его диалекты | |
| Религия | |
| Преимущественно римско -католик |
Португальские канадцы ( португальцы : Лусо-Канадианос ) являются гражданами канадца полного или частичного португальского наследия или людей, которые мигрировали из Португалии и проживают в Канаде . Согласно переписи 2021 года , было 448 310 или 1,21% канадцев, претендовало на полное или частичное португальское происхождение, что снизилось по сравнению с 482 1110 в 2016 году (1,40% от общей численности населения страны).
Большинство португальских канадцев живут в Онтарио - 300 600 (67,05%), за которыми следуют 64 385 (14,36%) и Британская Колумбия 39 755 (8,87%). [ 3 ]
История португальцев в Канаде
[ редактировать ]Первые контакты в эпоху открытия (возможно, 1473 [ 4 ] -1526 [ 5 ] )
[ редактировать ]Португалия сыграла новаторскую роль в исследованиях Нового Света в 15 и 16 веках. [ 6 ] В 15 -м веке принц Генри из Португалии , более известный как Генри -Навигатор, учредил школу навигации в Сагру в регионе Алгарве в Португалии. Из этой школы появились исследователи, которые нашли свой путь в Индию, Южную Америку, Северную Америку и Африку, в том числе португальский Жуао Фернандес Лаврадор , который был первым исследователем Лабрадора , и Гаспара Корте-Реал , который также был одним из самых ранних европейцев. Исследователи Канады. Corte-Real исследовал северо-восточное побережье " Terra Nova ", название залива зачатия , Португальская бухта и Лабрадор, названные в честь Фернандеса Лаврадора. Недавняя историография предполагает, что Corte Real, возможно, достиг канадского побережья в 1473 году, прежде чем Колумб официально «обнаружил» Америку. [ 4 ] Тем не менее стоит отметить, что исторические данные с раннего возраста открытия отсутствуют.
Около 1521 года Жоуао Альварес Фагундес был предоставлен донатарийными правами на внутренние острова залива Святого Лаврентия , а также создал урегулирование на острове Кейп -Бретон, чтобы служить базой для ловли трески. В 1524 году Картограф Эстевао Гомес путешествовал по побережьям северо -восточной Северной Америки. Во время своего путешествия он, возможно, достиг пролива Кабот и Кейп-Бретона , в современной Новой Шотландии. [ 7 ]
Pressure from natives and competing European fisheries prevented a permanent establishment and was abandoned five years later. Several attempts to establish settlements in Newfoundland over the next half-century also failed.[5]
16th–19th centuries
[edit]In the early 1600s Mathieu Da Costa was probably the first black person setting foot in modern-day Canadian territory.[8][9]
In 1705, the Portuguese Pedro da Silva became the first post courier in the French territory of North America, New France. He settled in the Canadian part of the territory.
In addition, Esther Brandeau, of Sephardic descent is notable in the history of the Jews in Canada as the first Jew to set foot in the country, travelling from France to New France.[10][11] Portuguese and Spanish Sephardic Jews also contributed founding the oldest Jewish congregation in Canada, establishing Montréal synagogue in 1778.[12]
20th century: large-scale emigration
[edit]During the 1950s, a large number of immigrants from the Azores and Madeira, fleeing political conflict with the regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, moved into the downtown core of Canada's major cities such as the area of Portugal Village in Toronto, Ontario and further west along Dundas Street to Brockton Village. The stretch of Dundas Street passing through Brockton Village is also known as "Rua Açores". Many other Portuguese have immigrated to Montreal since the 1960s. As well, Portuguese emigrants settled in areas of British Columbia from the mid 1950s onwards, including Vancouver and Kitimat where they worked in the lumber and smelting industries, and the Okanagan Valley in the interior of the province, where many became orchard farmers. From the 1970s, increasing numbers of Brazilians moved into the Portugal Village, Toronto.
Recently, a number of Canadians of Goan heritage have opted to pursue Portuguese citizenship they are entitled to through their heritage as a result of Goa being an overseas province of Portugal until 1961, thus adding to the Portuguese Canadian population in Canada.
Demographics
[edit]The Toronto suburbs of Brampton and Mississauga contain large Portuguese communities. Most Portuguese families in Brampton live along Main Street, with concentrations in Downtown Brampton, Peel Village, Main St & Vodden as well as the Edenbrook Hill Drive corridor. Our Lady of Fatima Portuguese Church is located in Brampton.
Montreal has the second most populous number of Portuguese immigrants with an estimated 47,000. Most started immigrating in the 1960s and settled in the Le Plateau-Mont-Royal mainly around Saint Laurent Boulevard and Rachel Street. Many Portuguese stores and restaurants are located in Little Portugal.
Hamilton, Ontario also has a solid Portuguese community concentrated in the downtown core around Barton and James Street and nearby the St. Mary's Roman Catholic church. This area in Hamilton is known as "Jamesville" and is shared with a neighbouring Italian population. London, Ontario's significant Portuguese community[13] is concentrated in the east end and south end of the city, with Portuguese restaurants and shops situated on Hamilton Road.
The Portuguese in British Columbia
[edit]The first recorded Portuguese individual to immigrate to British Columbia was "Portuguese Joe" Silvie, from Pico Island.[14] He arrived in BC around 1858 via California, after years in the American whaling industry. He married Khaltinaht a daughter of Grand Chief Kiapilano, and their daughter was the first child born in Vancouver of European origin, Elizabeth Walker (née Silvey). They lived in a cabin built in what is now Stanley Park and he ran Vancouver's second saloon, and was a fisherman as well. However his wife died in 1871, and in years later married a shíshálh woman named Kwaham Kwatleematt (Lucy). They later moved to Reid Island where their family grew to 10 children. Portuguese Joe died in 1902, and has approximately 500 descendant. A statue in his memory now stands in Stanley Park, meters away from the totem pole display.
British Columbia has around 35 000 Portuguese-Canadians, concentrated in the Lower Mainland (Vancouver, Surrey, Richmond, Burnaby, Delta, Coquitlam) with around 20 000 Portuguese Canadians. Other centres for Portuguese immigrants and their descendants are Kitimat, Prince Rupert, Victoria, and the Okanagan region where many are fruit farmers. Many are of Azorean heritage.
In Vancouver there is a Portuguese Catholic Church, Portuguese Canadian Senior's Society, Portuguese Brotherhood of the Divine Holy Spirit with members originally from Flores Island, Azores and São Miguel Island, Tradition of Terceira (Tradição da Terceira), Friends of Pico (Amigos do Pico), and several folk dance groups, including. Cruz de Cristo (regions of Mainland Portugal), Pico, Sao Miguel Island and Madeira.
| Province | Population | Percentage | Percentage of
Single ethnic or cultural origin responses |
|---|---|---|---|
 Ontario |
300,600 | 2.11% | 57.62% |
 Quebec |
64,385 | 0.76% | 51.77% |
 British Columbia |
39,755 | 0.79% | 37.77% |
 Alberta |
21,415 | 0.50% | 36.73% |
 Manitoba |
13,395 | 1.00% | 54.95% |
 Nova Scotia |
2,990 | 0.31% | 22.24% |
 New Brunswick |
2,095 | 0.27% | 19.09% |
 Saskatchewan |
1,760 | 0.16% | 23.30% |
 Newfoundland and Labrador |
1,215 | 0.24% | 18.11% |
 Prince Edward Island |
425 | 0.28% | 30.59% |
 Yukon |
100 | 0.25% | 55.00% |
 Nunavut |
95 | 0.26% | 15.79% |
 Northwest Territories |
75 | 0.18% | 13.33% |
 Canada |
448,310 | 1.21% | 53.23% |
Cultural Impact
[edit]2003 Celebrations
[edit]The Portuguese Canadian community chose 2003 as the year to celebrate the 50th anniversary of their officially sponsored immigration to Canada. The Honourable David Collenette, Minister of Transport and Minister Responsible for Canada Post, said that "the Portuguese Canadian community is a vibrant group that enriches the Canadian mosaic with its history, language, culture and work ethic." He added that Canada Post was proud to be issuing a stamp honouring Portuguese Canadians during the month of June, when cultural celebrations honouring the life of 16th-century poet Luís de Camões, considered Portugal's greatest poet, were taking place in many communities across the country.
Portuguese language
[edit]In addition, the Portuguese brought with them their language.[16] Despite the geographical distance between the two countries,[17] interest[18] towards the language[19] remains vivid and has recently experienced a renewed interest.[20][21]
According to recent statistics, more than 330,000 Canadians can speak Portuguese, accounting to approximately 1% of the country's population.[22] Portuguese language is amongst the most notable cultural contributions Portuguese have brought to Canada, contributing to the enrichment and adding to the diversity of the country.[23]
Holy Spirit Societies (Irmandades do Divino Espirito Santo)
[edit]As Azoreans came to Canada from 1953 into the 1970s, numerous Holy Spirit Societies, reminiscent of the spiritual celebration of the Holy Spirit and cultural tradition present in each village in the Azores Islands, were set up by individuals from the community coming together. They participate in the International Conference of the Festivals of the Holy Spirit, which united Azorean communities around the world yearly.
Notable Portuguese Canadians
[edit]Athletes and Sportspeople
- Fernando Aguiar, soccer player
- Kevin Alves, figure skater
- Stephen Ames, professional golfer
- Justin Azevedo, ice hockey player
- Tristan Borges, soccer player
- Mike Benevides, head coach of the BC Lions
- Meaghan Benfeito, Olympic team diver
- Johnathan Cabral, hurdler
- António Carvalho, mixed martial artist
- Dylan DeMelo, ice hockey player
- Zachary Claman DeMelo, IndyCar driver
- Drew Doughty, ice hockey player, Los Angeles Kings
- Marc Dos Santos, head coach, Vancouver Whitecaps FC
- Stephen Eustáquio, soccer player
- Ben Ferreira, retired figure skater
- Ricardo Ferreira, soccer player
- Daniel Fernandes, soccer player
- Marcus Godinho, soccer player
- Julia Grosso, soccer player
- Adam Henrique, ice hockey player, New Jersey Devils
- Kequyen Lam, cross country skiing
- Priscilla Lopes-Schliep, hurdler
- Steve Martins, retired ice hockey player for the Hartford Whalers, Carolina Hurricanes, Tampa Bay Lightning
- Jason Medeiros, football player
- Zackary Medeiros, football player
- Tony Menezes, retired professional soccer player
- Matthew Nogueira, soccer player
- Pedro Pacheco, soccer player
- Mike Ribeiro, ice hockey player, Nashville Predators
- Evan Rodrigues, ice hockey player, Pittsburgh Penguins
- Alex Silva, professional wrestler
- John Tavares, ice hockey player drafted first overall in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft by the New York Islanders
- John Tavares, retired lacrosse player
- Emanuel Viveiros, retired ice hockey player, Minnesota North Stars
- Matthew Sarmento, field hockey player, Canada
- Steven Vitória, soccer player
Film and television
- Luisa D'Oliveira, actress, The 100
- Tasha de Vasconcelos, actress and model
- Priscilla Faia, actress, Rookie Blue
- Louis Ferreira, actor, Bad Blood, The Man in the High Castle
- Katie Findlay, actress, Man Seeking Woman, The Killing
- P. J. Marcellino, film director, film producer, journalist
- Ramona Milano, actress, Due South, Degrassi: The Next Generation
- Jon Paul Piques, internet celebrity
- Percy Rodriguez, actor, Peyton Place, Heavy Metal
- Jess Salgueiro, actress, Tiny Pretty Things, Jupiter's Legacy[24]
- Luis Sequeira, costume designer
Historical Figures
- Marie-Joseph Angélique, slave, convicted of starting the Montreal fire of 1734
- Mathieu da Costa, translator for Samuel de Champlain, first free Black person to come to Canada[25]
- Pedro da Silva, first post courier in New France[26]
Literature
- Cody Caetano, writer[27]
- Paulo da Costa, poet and short story writer
- Anthony de Sá, novelist and short story writer[28]
- Erika de Vasconcelos, novelist
Music
- Keshia Chanté, singer, songwriter, and actress[29][30]
- Pedro Costa, singer-songwriter
- Shawn Desman, pop singer and dancer
- John Estacio, contemporary opera composer
- Danny Fernandes, pop and R&B singer
- Melanie Fiona, pop and R&B singer[31]
- Nelly Furtado, singer, songwriter, and actress[32]
- Anthony Gomes, blues and blues-rock guitarist and singer[33]
- Tobias Jesso Jr., singer-songwriter
- Ashley Leitão, contestant, Canadian Idol, member, Braided
- Brian Melo, winner of Canadian Idol, season five[34][35][36]
- Shawn Mendes, singer and songwriter
- Nico Paulo, singer-songwriter
- Armando Santiago, composer and conductor
- Lucas Silveira, singer/guitarist, The Cliks
- Lucy & Bela, singer song-writers
- Matthew Tavares, guitarist, keyboardist and record producer (BadBadNotGood)
Politics and Government
- Horacio Arruda, National Director of Public Health for Quebec[37][38]
- Ana Bailão, Toronto City Councillor for (Ward 18) Davenport
- Paul Ferreira, former MPP for York South—Weston[39]
- Peter Fonseca, MP for Mississauga East—Cooksville[40]
- Carlos Leitão, MNA for Robert-Baldwin
- Belinda Karahalios, MPP for Cambridge[41]
- Keith Martin, physician and former MP for Esquimalt—Juan de Fuca[42]
- Cristina Martins, former MPP for Davenport
- Alexandra Mendès, MP for Brossard—Saint-Lambert
- John Rodriguez, former Mayor of Sudbury and MP for Nickel Belt
- Mario Silva, former MP for Davenport[43]
- Charles Sousa, former MPP for Mississauga South
Other
- Emanuel Jaques, victim of a high profile murder[44]
Organizations
[edit]Some Portuguese-Canadians adopt the name "Luso-Canadians" for their local social and business clubs, in reference to Lusitania, the ancient name associated with Portugal under the Roman Empire (and nowadays used in the Portuguese language as a synonym for "Portuguese". The attendance growth of organizations indicate the growth in small business and universities throughout the community. They have also established a Portuguese-language TV channel serving the community.[45] The sense of community is strong[46][47] and the Portuguese have established many cultural societies in Canadian soil[48][49]
Leading as a national voice, one can find the "Congresso", the Luso-Canadiano National Congress.[50]
Club associations
[edit]- Alliance of Portuguese Clubs & Associations of Ontario (ACAPO)[51]
- Portuguese Cultural Centre of BC, formally Vancouver Portuguese Seniors Society, located in Burnaby, BC.[52]
Clubs
[edit]- First Portuguese Canadian Cultural Centre[53]
- Associação Cultural do Minho de Toronto (ACMT)[54]
- Canadian Madeira Club - Toronto, Ontario[55]
- Northern Portugal Cultural Centre - Oshawa, Ontario[56]
- Banda do Sagrado Coração de Jesus - Toronto, Ontario
- Portuguese Cultural Centre of British Columbia[52]
- Portuguese Cultural Centre of Mississauga[57]
- Luso-Can Tuna [58]
Portuguese-Canadian Religious organizations
[edit]- Our Lady of Fatima Portuguese Parish, Vancouver, BC
- Irmandade Portuguesa do Divino Espirito Santo Cultural Society of BC, founded in 1968 in New Westminster by Azorean immigrants.
Sports
[edit]- The Portuguese Canadian Golfers Association - Toronto, Ontario[59]
- SC Toronto
Portuguese-Canadian business groups
[edit]- Federation of Portuguese-Canadian Business and Professionals[60]
Portuguese-Canadian educational groups
[edit]- University of Toronto Portuguese Association (UTPA)[61]
- York University Portuguese Association (YUPA)[62]
Portuguese-Canadian ethnic cultural parks
[edit]- Madeira Park - Georgina, Ontario[63]
Portuguese publications
[edit]- Luso Life – Quarterly lifestyle magazine published in Toronto.[64]
- Milénio Stadium– Weekly Portuguese newspaper published in Toronto[65]
- Portugal News – news from Portugal, in English and Portuguese[citation needed]
See also
[edit]- Canada–Portugal relations
- European Canadians
- List of Portuguese people
- Little Portugal, Toronto
- Little Portugal, Montreal
- Portuguese Americans
- Portuguese British
- Portuguese colonization of the Americas
References
[edit]- ^ "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". statcan.gc.ca. 25 October 2017.
- ^ "Population by selected ethnic origins, by city".
- ^ "Ethnic Origin, Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses and Sex for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data". Retrieved 10 November 2010.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Portugueses chegaram à América 19 anos antes de Colombo". Jornal Expresso (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Disney 2009a, p. 116
- ^ "Os portugueses também descobriram o Canadá". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ W. F. Ganong (1964). Crucial Maps in the Early cartography and Place-Nomenclature of the Atlantic Coast of Canada. University of Toronto Press. p. 135.
- ^ Heritage, Canadian (29 January 2021). "Significant events in Black history in Canada". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Portugal no Canadá". Consulado Geral de Portugal em Toronto (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Esther Brandeau". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Communauté juive – Voyage à travers le Québec" (in French). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Canada's oldest Jewish congregation celebrates 250 years". The Canadian Jewish News. 2 January 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Armstrong speaks on Portugal Day in the Legislature". Teresaarmstrong.ca. 11 June 2013. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
- ^ "Shore to Shore: A sculpture by Luke Marston".
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Português no Canadá - Ciberdúvidas da Língua Portuguesa". ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ Renascença (7 July 2017). "Os passos tímidos da língua portuguesa no Canadá - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Aprendizagem e ensino de português". Consulado Geral de Portugal em Montreal (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ Brazão, Isabel. "Fama do fado leva estrangeiros a aprender português no Canadá". ccmm.madeira.gov.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ SAPO. "Cristiano Ronaldo é estímulo para jovens aprenderem português no Canadá". SAPO Lifestyle (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ ""NO CANADÁ A LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA TEM QUE SER ENSINADA NUMA PERSPETIVA DE LÍNGUA SEGUNDA/LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA"". Blogue do IILP (in European Portuguese). 23 August 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ Janarra, Rui (18 August 2022). "Línguas no Canadá: 118.730 cidadãos falam português em casa, segundo Statcan". Correio da Manhã Canadá (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Aliança de associações portuguesas no Canadá luta para manter as tradições - Mundo Português" (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Hora dos Portugueses (Diário)". RTP Internacional (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ Johnston, A. J. B. (2012). "Mathieu Da Costa and Early Canada: Possibilities and Probabilities*". Northern Blue Publishing. Archived from the original on 26 August 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ "Canada Post: Celebrating Portuguese heritage and Canada's first letter carrier (Pedro da Silva)". Archived from the original on 5 September 2005. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
- ^ David Song, "Cody Caetano named Writer in Residence for 2023 Whistler Writers’ Festival". Pique Newsmagazine, August 18, 2023.
- ^ "The Bukowski Agency - Barnacle Love". Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
- ^ "Interview with Keshia Chanté". Archived from the original on 22 October 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- ^ Henley, Tara. "Interview with Keshia Chanté #2". Archived from the original on 14 October 2004. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- ^ Farber, Jim (21 March 2010). "Canadian soul singer Melanie Fiona travels in time between where music has been and where it's going". New York Daily News. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original on 26 March 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ^ Bliss, Karen. "Rollingstone.com Biography: Nelly Furtado". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- ^ "Biography: Anthony Gomes (Official web site)". Anthonygomes.com. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- ^ "Canadian Idol (Official web site)". Ctv.ca. Archived from the original on 12 September 2007. Retrieved 12 September 2007.
- ^ "Brian Melo Online (Fan site)". Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2007.
- ^ "Yahoo Canada News: "Hamilton rocker Brian Melo crowned the new Canadian Idol". Retrieved 12 September 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Blais, Annabelle. "Horácio Arruda, diretor nacional de saúde pública é o novo ídolo dos quebequenses". Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- ^ Henriques, Brittany (29 March 2020). "Dr. Horacio Arruda: a source of comfort for Quebecers during COVID-19 outbreak". Global News. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- ^ "Biography: Paul Ferreira" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- ^ "Biography: Peter Fonseca". Archived from the original on 9 December 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- ^ Thompson, Catherine (8 June 2018). "Political neophyte ready for learning curve as new Cambridge MPP". The Record. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ^ "Distinguished Americans & Canadians of Portuguese Descent". Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- ^ "Biography: Mario Silva". Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- ^ "Miracles of Emanual Jaques". Archived from the original on 18 February 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2007.
- ^ Gomes, Sérgio B. "Novo canal de TV português no Canadá arranca em Setembro". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Portugal, Oh, Pátria! Nação valente e imortal". revistamar.com (in European Portuguese). 13 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Comunidade celebra Mês do Património Português no Canadá" (in European Portuguese). 4 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ «Португальские ассоциации в Канаде должны больше обращаться к молодым людям - лидерам » . www.dn.pt (на европейском португальском языке) . Получено 30 марта 2023 года .
- ^ Крест, Селина. «Ассоциация португальской ассоциации в Канаде защищает создание Casa de Portugal» . ccmm.madeira.gov.pt (на европейском португальском языке) . Получено 30 марта 2023 года .
- ^ "Английский" . Congresso.ca . Архивировано из оригинала 3 сентября 2006 года . Получено 20 августа 2017 года .
- ^ «Дом - Акапо» . Акапо .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный «Португальский культурный центр Британской Колумбии» . PCCBC.CA . Получено 25 декабря 2018 года .
- ^ «Первый португальский канадский культурный центр» . Firstportuguese.com . Получено 20 августа 2017 года .
- ^ «С. Ассоциация Минхо -де -Торонто - Acto» . Acapo.ca . Получено 20 августа 2017 года .
- ^ «Домашний - канадский мадейрский клуб» . Канадский клуб Мадейры .
- ^ «Дом - NPCC» . NPCC .
- ^ «Португальский культурный центр Миссиссауга» . Pccmissisauga.ca . Получено 20 августа 2017 года . [ Постоянная мертвая ссылка ]
- ^ «Распространение богемных, культуры, музыки и традиций » . Lusocantuna.com . Получено 23 декабря 2020 года .
- ^ "PCGA - дом" . Pcga.ca. Получено 20 августа 2017 года .
- ^ «Дом - Федерация португальского канадского бизнеса и профессионалов» . Федерация португальского канадского бизнеса и профессионалов . Получено 20 августа 2017 года .
- ^ «Утпа - Университет Торонто Португальская ассоциация» . Utpa.iwarp.com . Получено 20 августа 2017 года .
- ^ «Португальская ассоциация - дом» . Архивировано из оригинала 5 июня 2015 года . Получено 24 марта 2015 года .
- ^ "Madeira Park - канадский клуб Madeira" . Casadamadeira.ca . Получено 20 августа 2017 года .
- ^ «Жизнь Лусо» . Lusolife.ca . Получено 6 января 2020 года .
- ^ «Стадион тысячелетия» . Mileniostadium.com .
Дальнейшее чтение
[ редактировать ]- Тейксейра, Карлос; Da Rosa, Victor MP (2009), Португальцы в Канаде: диаспорические проблемы и корректировка , Университет Торонто Пресс, ISBN 978-0-8020-9833-7 .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]Португальская диаспора |
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