List of Egyptian castles, forts, fortifications and city walls

Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria is one of the well preserved Egyptian castles.

Many buildings in Egypt can be put under the classification of castles, citadels, forts, and fortifications.

List by age

Pharaonic

Lower Egypt

Fortification of Memphis^[2]
Fort of Walls of the Prince (inebw heka), Eastern Delta.^[2]
Fortress of Wadi Natrun, western Delta.^[2]
Rhakotis fort, Alexandria^[3]
Tahpanhes fort or Castle of the Jew's Daughter
Heliopolis Fortifications.^[4]

Middle Egypt

Pi-Sekhemkheperre, near Herakleopolis Magna

Upper Egypt

Kom el-Ahmar (Hierakonpolis) fortifications^[2]
Fortress of Abydos^[2]
Medinet Habu New Kingdom fortification^[2]
El-Kab fortifications^[2]
Thebes fortifications.^[4]

Sinai

The Way of Horus coastal forts, Sinai^[2]
Tharu castle, Sinai^[2]
Qantara East fort, Sinai^[5]
Kolsum castle, Suez^[6]
Boto Fort of Seti I, (Qatia area), Sinai.^[7]
Tell-Huba Fortress, Sinai^[8]
Pelusium Fort,^[9]
Tharu city fortifications.^[10]^[11]

Western Desert

Siwa Oasis fortification, Western desert of Egypt^[12]

Excavated room inside the fort of Qasr Allam, Libyan desert, Egypt

QasrAllam fort

Nubia

The ancient castle at Buhen^[13]^[14]
Fort of Kubban, Nubia^[2]
Semna fortification^[2]^[15]
Kumma fort^[2]^[15]
Aniba Fort^[2]
Uronarti fort^[2]^[15]
Mirgissa fort^[2]^[15]
Shalfak fort^[2]^[15]
Askut fort^[2]^[15]
Senusret I-III seventeen south fortresses.^[2]^[15]
Dabenarti fort^[2]^[15]
Faras Fort^[2]
Serra Fort.^[2]

Persian

Persian fort of Rhakortis, North coast

Greco-Roman

Cairo

Fort Babylon, Cairo^[16]

Delta

Naucratis Greek fort

Kharga Oasis

Ain Umm Dabadib fort, Kharga Oasis.^[17]^[18]
El Deir fort, Kharga Oasis.^[17]^[18]
Qasr el Labeka fort, Kharga Oasis.^[17]^[18]
Qasr Sumaria fort, Kharga Oasis.^[17]^[18]
Qasr el Geb fort, Kharga Oasis.^[17]^[18]
Al-Haiz fort, Bahariya Oasis.
Nadura fort, Kharga Oasis^[18]
Qasr el-Ghueita fort, Kharga Oasis^[18]
Qasr el-Zayyan fort, Kharga Oasis^[18]

Red Sea

Castellum of Badia, Gebel Abu Dukhan, near Hurghada, Red Sea^[19]^[20]^[21]
Abu Sha'ar Fort, Red Sea.^[19]

Fayoum

Temple of Stones fort, Fayoum.^[19]^[22]
Der el Memun, fort where Anthony the Great lived, across from Faiyum.

Lower Egypt

Al-Heita fort, Eastern desert, Qena.^[23]

Sinai

Saint Catherine's Monastery fortification, Mount Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula (by Justinian I 548–565)^[24]

North coast

Alexandria fortifications ^[25]
Taposiris Magna Fortress, Alexandria ^{[citation needed]}

Islamic

Cairo

Cairo Citadel, Mukkattam, Cairo
Ayyubid Cairo City Fortification
Gates of Cairo
Al Fustat city walls^[26]

Alexandria

Western tower of the Greek town wall, Alexandria, Egypt

Citadel of Qaitbay, Alexandria
Fortification of Bab Rosetta, Alexandria^[27]
Qaitbey Citadel, Rosetta (known as Fort Julien)

Modern Egypt

Cairo

Alexandria and North coast

Fort Julien, Rosetta Fort.
Agami Fort, Alexandria (by French occupation) ^[40]
Abu Qir Castle (was used by Mohammed Ali as a prison)

Western Desert

Mersa Matruh Fortifications (1941 AD)^[41]^[42]
Sidi Barrani Fortifications (1941 AD) ^[43]^[44]^[45]^[46]
Alam el Halfa Fortifications (1941 AD)^[47]^[48]^[49]
Sollum fortified base camp (1941 AD) ^[50]
Halfaya Pass Fortification (1941 AD)^[51]^[52]^[53]
Bir-Hakeim fort (1942 AD) ^[54]

Sinai

Al-Arish castle
Sharm El-Sheikh fortification by Egypt (1954 AD) ^[55]^[56]
Castle Zaman, Sinai ^[57]

Suez Canal

Adgerud castle, Suez.^[6]
Kolsum castle, Suez.^[6]
Bar Lev Line
- Fort Lahtzanit
- Fort Budapest

Red Sea and Eastern Desert

Green Island (Egypt) Fortification, Red Sea (1969 AD)
Shadwan island fortifications, Red Sea (1960s AD)

List by areas and time

Western Desert

Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham, a Ramesside fort near the Libyan coast where trade goods were found. For example, cakes of Egyptian blue pigment, brought there for export, were found,^[58] along with indications of exotic imports such as olive oil and wine.^[59]

Alexandria

Rosetta

Fort Julien

Port Said

El Gamil

Damietta

Ezzbet El-Borg Defensive tower.
Urabi Fort.
Old Damietta city wall and Fortifications.

Sinai castles, forts, fortifications and citadels

13th century BC The Way of Horus coastal and Sinai forts.^[2]
13th century BC Tharu castle.^[2]
13th century BC Boto Fort (by Seti I), (Qatia area), Sinai.^[7]
13th century BC Tel Habwa Fort (by Seti I), (Qantara area), Sinai^[5]^[7]
13th century BC Tel Kadwa Fort, Sinai^[60]
13th century BC Tel Al Hebr Fort, Sinai^[60]
13th century BC Kharouba Fort, Sinai^[60]
13th century BC Baer Al-Abd Fort, Sinai^[60]
Unknown time Pharonic El Tina castle, Beer Al Abd, North Sinai^[5]^[7]^[34]
Circa 100 BC Ptolemaic Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city.^[7]
200 AD Roman Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city (by Emperor Maximinus Thrax).^[7]
Unknown time Roman Lahfen castle near Al-Arish.^[7]
Saint Catherine's Monastery fortification, Mount Sinai, Sinai Peninsula.
640 AD Farma (Pelusium) citadel.^[7]^[29]^[32]
7th century AD Justinian's Strasini Fort, Tel Felosiyia, near Pelusium.^[7]
7th century AD Garha Roman fort, on Bardawil lake, North Sinai.^[7]
Unknown time Byzantine fort, qaseema, Hosna, Middle Sinai.^[7]
Unknown time Al-Mohammadyia Arabic Fort, Beer Al Abd, North Sinai.^[7]
1115 AD Al-Soubak Fort (by Baldwin), Wadi Araba.^[7]
1116 AD Aiyla fort (by Baldwin), Aiyla city, Aqaba bay.^[7]
1116 AD Pharaoh Island Fort (by Baldwin), Aqaba bay.^[7]
1117 AD Wadi Musa fort (by Baldwin).^[7]
1181 AD Aiyla Island Castle (by Ayyobids).^[7]
1182 AD Salah El-Din castle Sedr, Sinai.^[7]
1184 AD Qalaat Al-Gindi (by Saladin), Ras Sedr, Sinai.^[7]^[29]^[30]^[31]
1184 AD Salah El-Din castle, Taba (Pharaoh Island), Sinai.^[7]^[29]
1516 AD Al-Arish citadel (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).^[7]^[29]^[32]
1516 AD Al-Baghla fort (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).^[7]
1516 AD Naqab Al-Aqaba Fort(by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).^[7]
1516 AD An-Nakhl Fortress (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).^[7]^[29]^[32]^[33]
1799 AD Qatiyah Fort, West of sinai (by General Lograng of Napoleon Army).^[7]
1799 Siege of El Arish Castle
1893 Nuweiba Castle.^[7]^[29]
1910s Turkish Fortifications at Hosna, middle Sinai.^[7]
1910s Turkish Fortifications at Al-Arish Castle, North Sinai.^[7]
1910s Turkish Fortifications at Nekhel, Sinai.^[7]
1910s Turkish Fortifications at Salah El Din Castle, South Sinai.^[7]
1960s and 1970s Egyptian Defensive fortifications built by Egyptian Armed forces during the Attrition war on the Western bank of Suez Canal and Bar Lev Line of fortifications on Eastern side of Suez Canal (by Israel occupation forces).^[7]
1990s Touristic Castle Zaman, Sinai ^[57]
Unknown time Ain al Qudairat Fort, Hosna, North Sinai.^[7]

References

^ UNESCO, Decision Text, World Heritage Centre, retrieved 21 July 2017
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Ancient Egypt military architecture
^ Alexander the Great
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b Tandamane works
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Qantara East history". Archived from the original on 2008-05-19. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Niebuhr travels
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af Said Aly Sinai, the Meaning and Importance (in Arabic) ISBN 977-437-760-5
^ Large old Sinai fortress
^ Ramsis II Pelusium Fort
^ Tharu fortifications
^ Tharu castle thesis
^ Siwa Oasis
^ Buhen castle
^ Ancient Egypt architecture
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Egyptian Fortresses in Nubia Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine
^ Babylon fort history & photos
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Roman forts in Kharga Oasis". Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Kharga Oasis
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Porphyrite
^ Castellum of Badia
^ Red Sea Roman fort wall
^ "Fayoum Roman fort". Archived from the original on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
^ Qena
^ Egypt history
^ Alexandria histories
^ "Al Fustat city walls". Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
^ Alexandria history
^ Quseir Fort^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Sinai castles Archived 2008-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b Photo of Qalaat Al-Gindi
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b Photos
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "North Sinai forts". Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b Description of Nakhl Fortress
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b El Tina castle
^ Siwa fot photo
^ Siwa Villa & Fort photo
^ Rain damage of Siwa fort
^ "Siwa old photos". Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
^ Siwa Oasis
^ "Alex history". Archived from the original on 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
^ Marsa Matrouh
^ Matruh Fortified position
^ Italian invasion of Egypt
^ Africa Korps Archived 2008-08-27 at the Wayback Machine
^ Sidi Barani fortified camps
^ 1.JmA - Compass
^ North Africa battle
^ Fortified Alam el Halfa
^ Fortified Alam el Halfa
^ Sollum Fortified camp
^ Operation Crusader
^ Battle of the Omars
^ North Africa campagain
^ "le général Rommel". Archived from the original on 2006-03-23. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
^ sharm-al-shaykh
^ Fry, Michael, and Hochstein, Miles. "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh." International History Review 15 (1993): 46 - 83 "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh."
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b Castle Zaman
^ Rehren, Th., Pusch, E.B. & Herold, A. (2001). "Problems and possibilities in workshop reconstruction: Qantir and the organization of LBA glass working sites". In A.J. Shortland (ed.). The social context of technological change, Egypt and the Near East 1650–1550 BC. Proceedings of a conference held at St Edmund Hall, Oxford 12–14 September 2000. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-84217-050-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "The Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham Project - Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk.
^ Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d "مصر تكتشف بقايا قلعة عسكرية فرعونية في سيناء". 5 June 2008.

External links

Fortifications, Police Beats, and Military Checkpoints in Ancient Egypt

[1] UNESCO, Decision Text, World Heritage Centre, retrieved 21 July 2017

[autogenerated15-2] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Ancient Egypt military architecture

[3] Alexander the Great

[autogenerated16-4] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b Tandamane works

[autogenerated7-5] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Qantara East history". Archived from the original on 2008-05-19. Retrieved 2008-07-12.

[autogenerated17-6] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Niebuhr travels

[autogenerated1-7] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af Said Aly Sinai, the Meaning and Importance (in Arabic) ISBN 977-437-760-5

[8] Large old Sinai fortress

[9] Ramsis II Pelusium Fort

[10] Tharu fortifications

[11] Tharu castle thesis

[12] Siwa Oasis

[13] Buhen castle

[14] Ancient Egypt architecture

[autogenerated8-15] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Egyptian Fortresses in Nubia Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine

[16] Babylon fort history & photos

[autogenerated4-17] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Roman forts in Kharga Oasis". Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2008-07-12.

[autogenerated10-18] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Kharga Oasis

[autogenerated12-19] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Porphyrite

[20] Castellum of Badia

[21] Red Sea Roman fort wall

[22] "Fayoum Roman fort". Archived from the original on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2008-07-12.

[23] Qena

[24] Egypt history

[25] Alexandria histories

[26] "Al Fustat city walls". Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2008-07-15.

[27] Alexandria history

[28] Quseir Fort^{[permanent dead link]}

[autogenerated2-29] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Sinai castles Archived 2008-02-14 at the Wayback Machine

[autogenerated5-30] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b Photo of Qalaat Al-Gindi

[autogenerated6-31] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b Photos

[autogenerated14-32] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "North Sinai forts". Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2008-07-15.

[autogenerated11-33] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b Description of Nakhl Fortress

[autogenerated13-34] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b El Tina castle

[35] Siwa fot photo

[36] Siwa Villa & Fort photo

[37] Rain damage of Siwa fort

[38] "Siwa old photos". Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-07-12.

[39] Siwa Oasis

[40] "Alex history". Archived from the original on 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2008-07-21.

[41] Marsa Matrouh

[42] Matruh Fortified position

[43] Italian invasion of Egypt

[44] Africa Korps Archived 2008-08-27 at the Wayback Machine

[45] Sidi Barani fortified camps

[46] 1.JmA - Compass

[47] North Africa battle

[48] Fortified Alam el Halfa

[49] Fortified Alam el Halfa

[50] Sollum Fortified camp

[51] Operation Crusader

[52] Battle of the Omars

[53] North Africa campagain

[54] "le général Rommel". Archived from the original on 2006-03-23. Retrieved 2008-07-21.

[55] sharm-al-shaykh

[56] Fry, Michael, and Hochstein, Miles. "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh." International History Review 15 (1993): 46 - 83 "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh."

[autogenerated9-57] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b Castle Zaman

[rehren2001-58] Rehren, Th., Pusch, E.B. & Herold, A. (2001). "Problems and possibilities in workshop reconstruction: Qantir and the organization of LBA glass working sites". In A.J. Shortland (ed.). The social context of technological change, Egypt and the Near East 1650–1550 BC. Proceedings of a conference held at St Edmund Hall, Oxford 12–14 September 2000. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-84217-050-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[59] "The Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham Project - Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk.

[autogenerated18-60] Jump up to: Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d "مصر تكتشف بقايا قلعة عسكرية فرعونية في سيناء". 5 June 2008.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

List by age

Pharaonic

Lower Egypt

Middle Egypt

Upper Egypt

Sinai

Western Desert

Nubia

Persian

Greco-Roman

Cairo

Delta

Kharga Oasis

Red Sea

Fayoum

Lower Egypt

Sinai

North coast

Islamic

Cairo

Alexandria

Red Sea and Eastern desert

Sinai

Western desert

Modern Egypt

Cairo

Alexandria and North coast

Western Desert

Sinai

Suez Canal

Red Sea and Eastern Desert

List by areas and time

Western Desert

Alexandria

Rosetta

Port Said

Damietta

Sinai castles, forts, fortifications and citadels

See also

References

External links