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Укрония в настоящее время является английским словами, неологизмом , который иногда используется в его первоначальном значении в качестве простого синонима для альтернативной истории , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] жанр спекулятивной фантастики , который переосмысливает исторические события, идущие в новых, воображаемых направлениях. Тем не менее, это также начало ссылаться на другие связанные концепции. [ 5 ]
In the Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Italian, Catalan, and Galician languages, the words uchronie, ucronia, and ucronía are native terms for alternate history from which derives the English loanword uchronia. The word is composed of the Greek prefix οὐ- ("not", "not any", and "no") and the Greek word χρόνος (chronos) "time", to describe a story set in "no time"; it was formed by analogy with the word utopia, a story set in "no place". It was coined by Charles Renouvier for his 1876 novel Uchronie, whose full title translated into English is Uchronia (Utopia in History), an Apocryphal Sketch of the Development of European Civilization Not as It Was But as It Might Have Been.[6]
The English word, as a synonym for alternate history, has been applied for example to novels like Philip K. Dick's The Man in the High Castle[7] and Philip Roth's The Plot Against America.[8] However, another developing definition of uchronia is a larger umbrella category of fiction that encompasses alternate history, parallel universes, and stories based in futuristic or non-temporal settings.[9][10][11] Yet another use of the term is for a genre of story rooted in divergences from actual history that originate as more gradual or micro-level changes, in contrast to alternate history, whose divergences have tended to be rooted in sudden and macro-level changes.[12]
Furthermore, the goal of uchronia is sometimes now focused away from the traditional purpose of fiction as mere entertainment instead towards more practical applications in social and political discourse. In this context, it can refer to a re-imagining of a more positive history of a place than the current one, with real-world value in its implications and proposed solutions to social problems.[10][13] Thus, as used by some scholars, uchronia is a whole new or alternative way of thinking, and not simply a genre of storytelling.[14]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ de Sa, Alexandre F. (2012). From modern utopias to contemporary uchronia. Existential Utopia: New Perspectives on Utopian Thought.
- ^ Loyer, Emmanuelle (2019). Uchronia. Booksandideas.net.
- ^ Paul Di Filippo. "Off the Shelf: The Peshawar Lancers". Book Review. SciFi.com. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
- ^ Schmid, Helga (2020). Uchronia: Designing Time. Germany: Walter de Gruyter GmbH. p. 26
- ^ Schmid, 2020, p. 28.
- ^ Uchronia: Uchronie (l'utopie dans l'histoire), esquisse historique apocryphe du développement de la civilisation européenne tel qu'il n'a pas été, tel qu'il aurait pu être, Uchronia.net, retrieved 2011-10-01, reprinted 1988, ISBN 2-213-02058-2.
- ^ Douglas, Christopher (2013). ""Something That Has Already Happened": Recapitulation and Religious Indifference in The Plot Against America". MFS Modern Fiction Studies. 59 (4): 784–810. doi:10.1353/mfs.2013.0045. ISSN 1080-658X. S2CID 162310618.
- ^ Fondanèche, Daniel; Chatelain, Danièle; Slusser, George (1988). "Dick, the Libertarian Prophet (Dick: une prophète libertaire)". Science Fiction Studies. 15 (2): 141–151. ISSN 0091-7729. JSTOR 4239877.
- ^ Worth, Aaron (2018). Uchronia. Victorian Literature and Culture, 46(3-4), 928-930.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Craveiro, Joanna (2016). A live/living museum of small, forgotten and unwanted memories: performing narratives, testimonies and archives of the Portuguese Dictatorship and Revolution (Doctoral dissertation, University of Roehampton), p. 46.
- ^ Шмид, 2020, с. 11
- ^ Дриф К. и Гилберт, GC (2022). Что, если Голливуд Golden Age был инклюзивным?: Голливуд Райана Мерфи как странная утопическая утруния. В Квирской Америке Райана Мерфи (стр. 105-118). Routledge.
- ^ Рамирес Галлегос, Рене (2020). Укрония за жизнь хорошо. В Буэне Вивир и проблемы с капитализмом в Латинской Америке. Routledge. п. 174.
- ^ Шмид, 2020, с. 26
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