Эксцентриситет (поведение)
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Эксцентриситет (также называемый причудливым ) является необычным или странным поведением со стороны человека. Такое поведение обычно воспринимается как необычное или ненужное, не будучи явно неадаптивным . Эксцентриситет контрастирует с нормальным поведением, почти универсальные средства, с помощью которых люди в обществе решают, учитывают проблемы и преследуют определенные приоритеты в повседневной жизни. Люди, которые последовательно демонстрируют мягкое эксцентричное поведение, помечены как «эксцентрики».
Этимология
[ редактировать ]Из средневекового латинского эксцентрика , полученного от греческого ekkentros , «из центра», от Ek -, ex - «из« + кентрон » ,« Центр ». [ 1 ] Эксцентричный впервые появился в английских эссе как неологизм в 1551 году как астрономический термин, означающий «круг, в котором Земля, Солнце и т. Д. отклоняются от своего центра». Пять лет спустя, в 1556 году, была использована прилагательная форма слова. В 1685 году определение развивалось от буквального к фигуративному, и эксцентрико отметилось, что начало использовать для описания нетрадиционного или странного поведения. Существительная форма слова - человек, который обладает и демонстрирует эти нетрадиционные или странные качества и поведение - появился к 1832 году.
Depictions
[edit]Eccentricity is often associated with genius, intellectual giftedness, or creativity. People may perceive the individual's eccentric behavior as the outward expression of their unique intelligence or creative impulse.[2] In this vein, the eccentric's habits are incomprehensible not because they are illogical or the result of madness, but because they stem from a mind so original that it cannot be conformed to societal norms. English utilitarian thinker John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) wrote that "the amount of eccentricity in a society has generally been proportional to the amount of genius, mental vigour, and moral courage which it contained",[3][4] and mourned a lack of eccentricity as "the chief danger of the time".[5] Edith Sitwell (1887–1964) wrote that eccentricity is "often a kind of innocent pride", also saying that geniuses and aristocrats are called eccentrics because "they are entirely unafraid of and uninfluenced by the opinions and vagaries of the crowd".[6] Eccentricity is also associated with great wealth — what would be considered signs of insanity in a poor person, some may accept as eccentricity in wealthy people.[7]
Comparison to considerations of normality
[edit]
A person who is simply in a "fish out of water" situation is not, by the strictest definition, an eccentric since (presumably) they may be ordinary by the conventions of their native environment.[citation needed]
Eccentrics may or may not comprehend the standards for normal behavior in their culture. They are simply unconcerned by society's disapproval of their habits or beliefs.[citation needed]
Some eccentrics are pejoratively considered "cranks" rather than geniuses. Eccentric behavior is often considered whimsical or quirky, although it can also be strange and disturbing. Many individuals previously considered merely eccentric, such as aviation magnate Howard Hughes, have recently been retrospectively diagnosed as having had mental disorders (obsessive–compulsive disorder in Hughes' case).[citation needed]
Other people may have an eccentric taste in clothes, or eccentric hobbies or collections they pursue with great vigor. They may have a pedantic and precise manner of speaking, intermingled with inventive wordplay. Many of these behaviors share the characteristics of someone with an autistic spectrum disorder, such as the eccentric hobbies or the pedantic speech.[citation needed]
Many individuals may even manifest eccentricities consciously and deliberately in an attempt to differentiate themselves from societal norms or enhance a sense of inimitable identity. Given the overwhelmingly positive stereotypes (at least in popular culture and especially with fictional characters) often associated with eccentricity, as detailed above, certain individuals seek to be associated with this sort of character type. However, this is not always successful as eccentric individuals are not necessarily charismatic and the individual in question may simply be dismissed by others as just seeking attention.[citation needed]
Characteristics
[edit]Psychologist David Weeks believes people with a mental illness suffer from their behavior, while eccentrics are quite happy.[8][9] He even opines that eccentrics are less prone to mental illness than everyone else.
According to Weeks' study, there are several distinctive characteristics that often differentiate a healthy eccentric person from a regular person or someone who has a mental illness. The first five characteristics on Weeks' list are found in most people regarded as eccentric:[8]
- Nonconforming
- Creative
- Strongly motivated by curiosity
- Idealistic
- Happily obsessed with one or more hobbies (usually five or six)
Weeks also lists characteristics that some, but not all, eccentric people may exhibit:
- Aware from early childhood that they are different
- Intelligent
- Opinionated and outspoken
- Noncompetitive, not in need of reassurance or reinforcement from society
- Unusual in their eating habits and living arrangements
- Not interested in the opinions or company of other people
- Mischievous sense of humor
- Single
- Usually the eldest or an only child
- Bad speller
See also
[edit]- Byronic hero
- Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou
- English Eccentrics and Eccentricities
- Foolishness for Christ
- Idiosyncrasy
- Individualism
- Keep Austin Weird
- Personality psychology
- Saparmurat Niyazov § Cult of personality
- Schizotypal personality disorder
- Thinking outside the box
References
[edit]- ^ "Definition of ECCENTRIC". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
- ^ Stares, Justin (6 November 2005). "Einstein, eccentric genius, smoked butts picked up off street". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
- ^ "Mill, John Stuart quote – Eccentricity has always abounded when and where strength of character". Quotationsbook.com. 30 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ Mill, John Stuart (1859). On Liberty (2 ed.). London: John W.Parker & Son. pp. 120–121. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
editions:HMraC_Owoi8C.
- ^ "Famous John Stuart Mill Quotes". Philosophy Paradise. Archived from the original on 4 April 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ "Quote by Edith Sitwell: Eccentricity is not, as some would believe..." Goodreads. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- ^ Battaglia, Debbora (3 February 1995). "On Eccentricity". Rhetorics of self-making. University of California Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-0-520-08799-6. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Weeks, David and James, Jamie (1995) Eccentrics: A study of Sanity and Strangeness, Villiard, ISBN 0-394-56565-7
- ^ "Interview with David Weeks – "Nutrition Health Review", Winter, 1996". Findarticles.com. 2 June 2009. Archived from the original on 19 November 2004. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
