Блуа

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Город Блуа
Префектура и коммуна
Панорамный вид на Блуа на реке Луаре , из Вены , на левом берегу.
Герб
показывать Расположение города Блуа Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Город Блуа Город Блуа Показать карту Франции Показать карту Центр-Валь-де-Луара Show all
Координаты: 47 ° 35'38 "N 1 ° 19'41" E
Страна	Франция
Область	Центр-Валь-де-Луара
Отделение	Луар и Шер
район	Блуа
Кантон	Блуа-1 , 2 и 3 и Винёй
Межобщинность	Калифорния Блуа Аглополис
Правительство
• Мэр (2020–2026)	Марк Грикур ( ПС )
Область 1	37,46 км 2 (14,46 квадратных миль)
Население  (2021)	46,813
• Плотность	1200/км 2 (3200/кв. миль)
Демон(ы)	Блуазиан Французский : Blésois(e)
Часовой пояс	UTC+01:00 ( центральноевропейское время )
• Лето ( летнее время )	UTC+02:00 ( CEST )
INSEE /Почтовый индекс	41018 /41000
Высота	63–135 м (207–443 футов) (в среднем 73 м или 240 футов)
1 Данные Французского земельного реестра, за исключением озер, прудов и ледников площадью > 1 км. 2 (0,386 квадратных миль или 247 акров) и устья рек.

Блуа ( / b l w ɑː / BLWAH ; Французский: [блва] ) — коммуна и столица Луар и Шер департамента , в центре Валь-де-Луара , Франция. на берегу нижней реки Луары между Орлеаном и Туром .

К 2019 году Блуа с населением 45 898 человек является самым густонаселенным городом департамента и четвертым городом региона.

Исторически город был столицей графства Блуа , созданного в 832 году до его интеграции в королевские владения в 1498 году, когда граф Людовик II Орлеанский стал королем Франции Людовиком XII . В эпоху Возрождения Блуа был официальной резиденцией короля Франции .

История

Предыстория

проводит раскопки С 2013 года Французский национальный институт превентивных археологических исследований ( INRAP на французском языке) во Вьенне , где они обнаружили свидетельства существования «одного или нескольких лагерей охотников-собирателей поздней доисторической эпохи , которые также были рыбаками, поскольку там были найдены рыболовные ловушки». [...] Они были предками знаменитых неолитических земледельцев-скотоводов, которые жили в нынешней Франции около 6000 г. до н.э. [т.е.: 8000 лет назад ]. назад]."

Древние времена

Крупная городская застройка, начавшаяся в 1959 году, обнаружила остатки позднего галльского поселения и городского центра галло-римского периода. В то время город располагался на дороге, связывающей Шартр с Буржем . В сети городов народа Карнут Блуа был второстепенным поселением. Раскопки, проведенные на правом берегу в 2001–2016 годах и на левом берегу в 2013–2014 годах, выявили наличие на правом берегу сильно развитого города и оккупацию левого берега в галльский и галло-римский периоды. Река Луара, несомненно, всегда была основным маршрутом, хотя никаких следов порта обнаружено не было. Однако сохранились остатки бывших мостов, соединявших два берега .

Средний возраст

Несмотря на древнее происхождение, Блуа впервые упоминается Григорием Турским в 6 веке, а город приобрел некоторую известность в 9 веке, когда он стал резиденцией могущественного графства, известного как Blesum castrum графами Блуа .

Робертианцы герцогом стояли во главе графства Блуа до 900 г. Когда Гуго Великий стал франков , он оставил титул графа своему верному вассалу Теобальду I Блуаскому ( около 940 г.). Его потомки, известные как «тибальдийцы», оставались графами до тех пор, пока графство не было включено в состав королевских владений в 1397 году. Дому Блуа также удалось поднять некоторых из своих членов или потомков до самых высоких уровней европейской знати, в частности, благодаря восшествие на престолы Франции, Англии, Наварры, Испании и Португалии.

В 1171 году Блуа стал местом кровавого навета против еврейской общины, в результате которого 31 еврей (по некоторым данным, 40) был сожжен заживо. Их мученичество также способствовало созданию выдающейся и устойчивой школы поэзии, вдохновленной гонениями на христиан. В 1196 году граф Людовик I Блуа предоставил горожанам привилегии; коммуна, сохранившаяся на протяжении всего Средневековья , вероятно, датируется этим временем. Графы династической линии Шатийон проживали в Блуа чаще, чем их предшественники, и самые старые части замка Блуа (13 века) были построены ими.

В средние века Блуа был резиденцией графства Шампань , когда последнее перешло к французской короне в 1314 году, образовав провинцию Шампань в составе Королевства Франции . К 1397 году граф Ги II Блуа-Шатийон предложил графство своему двоюродному брату, герцогу Людовику I Орлеанскому , брату короля Карла VI . В 1429 году Жанна д'Арк сделала Блуа своей базой для помощи Орлеану . 29 апреля она проехала 35 миль из Блуа, чтобы сменить Орлеан. В 1440 году, после своего пленения в Англии, герцог Карл Орлеанский (сын герцога Людовика I) поселился в замке Блуа, где в 1462 году родился его сын, герцог Людовик II Орлеанский, который впоследствии станет известен как Людовик XII. .

эпоха Возрождения

К 1498 году король Карл VIII умер, не оставив наследников в замке Амбуаз . В результате герцог Людовик II пробежал 22 мили между замком и Блуа и был коронован как король Франции Людовик XII. Затем в 1499 году он женился Карла VIII на вдове , королеве Бретани Анне . Рождение их дочери, Клода Французского , положило начало союзу Бретани с Францией . Людовик XII, как последний потомственный граф Блуа , естественно, основал в городе свой королевский двор. , В 1504–1505 годах здесь был подписан Блуаский мирный договор временно остановивший Итальянские войны . Во время его правления город претерпел масштабную реконструкцию с использованием некоторых архитектурных элементов, вдохновленных итальянским Возрождением , как видно из средневекового замка, немедленно превращенного в замок , а также строительства множества отелей для знати по всему королевству. Один из них, Hôtel d'Alluye , был построен как копия итальянского дворца для Флоримона Роберте , который был важным французским министром при королях Карле VIII, короле Людовике XII и Король Франциск I.

1 января 1515 года умер Людовик XII. Его трон перейдет к Франциску I, мужу его дочери Клода Французского . В 1519 году король Франциск I приказал построить замок Шамбор (в 10 милях от Блуа), но его строительство длилось один год, прежде чем он умер в 1547 году. Тем временем он постепенно выразил желание переехать в Фонтенбло , недалеко от Париж и начал покидать Блуа. К 1539 году большая часть королевской мебели была перевезена из Блуа в Фонтенбло.

были Религиозные войны во Франции весьма разрушительным конфликтом среди французского народа. Среди жителей города было много кальвинистов , и в 1562 и 1567 годах он был ареной борьбы между ними и сторонниками католической церкви. 4 июля 1562 года Блуа и Божанси , незадолго до этого завоеванные протестантами, были разграблены католиками во главе с маршалом де Сен-Андре. 7 февраля 1568 года протестанты под командованием капитана Букара разграбили и вторглись в город, в конечном итоге убив многих католиков. Серые монахи также были убиты и брошены в колодец собственного монастыря. Кроме того, все церкви были разграблены. В 1576 и 1588 годах король Генрих III созвал Генеральные штаты в Блуа, где он нашел убежище после восстания, названного Днем баррикад . В ответ 23 декабря 1588 года герцог Генрих I Гиз был убит за участие в восстании. На следующий день его брата, кардинала Людовика II де Гиза , который также был архиепископом Реймса та же участь постигла . За их смертью вскоре последовала смерть Королевы-Матери. Екатерина Медичи .

В 16 веке французский королевский двор часто делал Блуа своим курортом для отдыха.

Ранняя современная эпоха

После отъезда королевского двора в сторону Парижа Блуа утратил статус королевской резиденции вместе с сопутствующей ему роскошью и экономической деятельностью. Король Генрих IV переместил Королевскую библиотеку в Фонтенбло , который позже станет Национальной библиотекой Франции ( Bibliothèque nationale de France ).

В 1606 году Филипп де Бетюн передал Блуа в собственность деревню Вьен-лез-Блуа на левом берегу реки Луары , сделав ее частью города, впоследствии известного как Блуа-Вьен . С 1617 по 1619 год Мария Медичи , жена короля Генриха IV , изгнанная со двора его сыном, королем Людовиком XIII в замке жила . К 1622 году Контрреформация обосновалась в Блуа, основала Общество Иисуса и профинансировала строительство часовни Святого Людовика, которая сегодня является церковью Святого Винсента .

Затем в 1634 году Людовик XIII сослал своего брата Гастона, герцога Орлеанского и графа Блуа, который привязался к городу. Герцог в 1657 году основал больницу в Блуа-Вьенне , которая теперь называется Резиденция Гастона д'Орлеана , и профинансировал реконструкцию Отель-Дьё . Он оставался в Блуа до своей смерти в 1660 году.

Во время правления Людовика XIV Блуа стал независимым епископством . Давид Николя де Бертье, первый епископ Блуа с 1697 года, выбрал в качестве действующего собора церковь Св. Соленны, которая была разрушена штормом и находилась на реконструкции, а затем была завершена 3 года спустя, в 1700 году, благодаря вмешательству Кольбера . жена, которая сама была родом из Блуа. Новое здание стало собором Блуа и было посвящено святому Людовику .

A wide episcopal palace is built by King Louis XIV's official architect, Jacques Gabriel, right next to the newly built cathedral, on a site overlooking the Loire Valley. Landscaping of terraced gardens began in 1703 and lasted nearly 50 years. The so-called Bishopric Gardens were first open to the public in 1791 by Henri Grégoire (known as the Abbot Grégoire), the first constitutional bishop after the French Revolution.

During the night between 6 and 7 February 1716, the medieval bridge collapsed. Construction of a new one is ordered during the following year. Jacques-Gabriel Bridge was inaugurated in 1724. All the levies were consolidated, and the river channel of La Bouillie in the prolongation of La Creusille Harbor was closed and dried out.

When Duke Gaston of Orléans died, the château ended up stripped by King Louis XIV, completely abandoned, to the point that King Louis XVI once considered to demolish it by 1788. The edifice was saved when the Royal-Comtois Regiment established their base within it.

In 1790, Orléanais province was dismantled, and the First Republic created the Loir-et-Cher department, with Blois as the local capital.

By 1814, Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma and wife of Napoleon I, found refuge in Blois.

Contemporary era

Another wind blew in Blois in the 19th century. First, the railroad came in 1846 with the inauguration of the Paris–Tours railway, whose Blois Station is a stop. The competition against river transportation gradually forced La Creusille Harbor to reinvent its activity. In parallel, the city got more industrialised from 1848 thanks to a successful chocolate brand created by Bloisian, Victor-Auguste Poulain.

Like Paris, Blois urban organisation was redesigned during 1850 and 1870 by Mayor Eugène Riffault, who was friends with Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann. Thus, he had bound through a boulevard holding his name the modern upper town (where the cathedral, Hôtel of Préfecture, and Halle aux Grains are located), and the medieval lower town. He also paved the way to the construction of the boulevard Daniel Depuis, in the West of Blois. Between 1862 and 1865, the Denis-Papin staircase are built under La Morandière's supervision, in the axis of Jacques-Gabriel Bridge and Blois-Vienne's Wilson Avenue.

In the meantime, the lower town faced three of the most significant flooding of the Loire river: in 1846, 1856 (the worst), and 1866. The downtown districts of St. Jean and Blois-Vienne were under water, as well as La Bouillie spillway.

On 13 December 1871, the Prussian army took control of Blois during the Franco-Prussian War. The city was taken back by Lieutenant Georges de Villebois-Mareuil, General Joseph Pourcet, and General Bertrand de Chabron. Since then, a memorial stands on Wilson Avenue in Vienne.

In 1939, Blois Basilica construction was completed. That same year, between 29 January and 8 February, more than 3,100 Spanish refugees came to the Loir-et-Cher department, fleeing the Spanish Civil War and Dictator Francisco Franco. In June 1940, the German bombings destroyed a large part of the downtown, and the French destroyed the 10th arch of Jacques-Gabriel Bridge to prevent further advance for their enemies. The German army bombed the former Town Hall on 16 June, thus killing Mayor Émile Laurens in the process, and took over the city 2 days later, on 18 June, the exact same day of Charles de Gaulle's Appeal for Internal Resistance.

Between June and August 1944, US-English-allied bombings destroyed other infrastructures, like the railroad bridge between Blois and Romorantin. In total during World War II, 230 people were killed, and 1,522 buildings were entirely or partially destroyed. On 16 August 1944, the German troops ran to Blois-Vienne to get refuge there and destroyed the three central arches of the bridge. On 1 September, they surrendered. The bridge was rebuilt and reopened in December 1948.

In 1959, Mayor Marcel Bühler received President Charles de Gaulle and launched the construction of the ZUP, at the North of the city, on the same scheme of so-called banlieues of Paris or any other French city.

Population

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 13,280 —     1800 14,900 +1.66% 1806 13,054 −2.18% 1821 15,147 +1.00% 1831 13,138 −1.41% 1836 13,628 +0.74% 1841 16,156 +3.46% 1846 17,149 +1.20% 1851 17,749 +0.69% 1856 17,749 +0.00% 1861 20,331 +2.75% 1866 20,068 −0.26% 1872 19,860 −0.17% 1876 20,515 +0.81% 1881 21,077 +0.54% 1886 22,150 +1.00% 1891 23,457 +1.15% 1896 23,542 +0.07%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 23,789 +0.21% 1906 23,972 +0.15% 1911 23,955 −0.01% 1921 23,989 +0.01% 1926 23,991 +0.00% 1931 24,607 +0.51% 1936 26,025 +1.13% 1946 26,774 +0.28% 1954 28,190 +0.65% 1962 33,838 +2.31% 1968 42,264 +3.78% 1975 49,778 +2.37% 1982 47,243 −0.74% 1990 49,318 +0.54% 1999 49,171 −0.03% 2007 47,854 −0.34% 2012 45,903 −0.83% 2017 46,086 +0.08%
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968–2017)

Landmarks and tourism

Since 1986, Blois is part of the French Towns of Art and History program, which promotes the cultural and historical estate.

• 
  Lodges Façade of the Château of Blois, on Francis I wing, seen from Victor-Hugo Square.
• 
  Town hall.
• 
  Rosarium in the Bishopric Gardens.
• 
  Street cross between rue des Papegaults and rue des Petis Degrés St. Louis.

Château of Blois (seen from the South)

Château of Blois (seen from inside)

Robert-Houdin House of Magic

Former Poulain Chocolate Factory

Denis-Papin staircase in 2018

Blois Cathedral

Blois Cathedral, Town Hall, and the Rosarium seen from the Bishopric Gardens

The Maison des Acrobates

The Jacques-Gabriel Bridge, with the cathedral behind, over the Loire river

St. Nicholas Blois Church

Château of Blois

The Château of Blois, a Renaissance multi-style château once occupied by King Louis XII, is located in the centre of the city, and an 18th-century stone bridge spans the Loire. It was also the residence of many Counts of Blois, who were amongst the most closest vassals to the King of France between the 9th and the 14th century. Many gardens are located around the château, like:

• the St. Sauveur Garden (Parterre Saint-Sauveur in French);
• the Lily Garden (Jardin des Lices);
• the King's Stronghold (Bastion du Roi), and;
• Victor Hugo Square (Square Victor Hugo).

House of Magic

Right in front of the château, La Maison de la Magie Robert-Houdin (i.e.: Robert-Houdin House of Magic) is a museum dedicated to illusionism. This is the only public museum in Europe which incorporates in one place collections of magic and a site for permanent performing arts, and directly reflects the personality of Robert-Houdin.

Louis-XII Place and Fountains

Opened after bombings in 1944, the place stands right below the château, closest to the Loire river, and is actually located at the center of Blois downtown. There are local shops and restaurants, and a 16th-century fountain stands below the Sycamores planted in the place. Known as Louis XII Fountain (Fontaine Louis XII), this is one of the greatest and oldest water inlets throughout the city, but far from being the only one. Among the other founts, there are:

• St. Martin Fountain (Fontaine Saint-Martin), below the staircase between the château and Louis XII Place;
• St. Nicholas Fountain (Fontaine Saint-Nicolas), within the St. Nicholas Church;
• Elected Representatives' Fountain (Fontaine des Élus), in rue Foulerie;
• Ave Maria Fountain (Fontaine Ave Maria), in place Ave Maria;
• Town hall Fountain (Fontaine de l'Hôtel de Ville), below the Denis Papin staircase (where was the former Town Hall before World War II);
• St. Jack Fountain (Fontaine Saint-Jacques), in rue Denis Papin;
• Corbigny Fountain (Fontaine de Corbigny), in Victor Hugo Square ;
• Simple Fountain (Fontaine des Simples), in the Lily Garden, in remembrance of a monumental Versailles-style fountain lost after WWII bombings.

Comics Museum

Blois is also the location of so-called Maison de la BD, a museum devoted to the art of comic books. Since the 1980s, this museum hosts an annual comic festival in late November called BD Boum, described as "the leading free comic book festival in France".

Former Hôtel-Dieu

Already by 924, monks from the St. Lomer community were given some acres below the medieval castle, but outside the city walls, on the bank of the Loire river. In the 13th century, a proper church was built, then fortified because of the Hundred Years' War. St. Lomer Abbey was completely destroyed during the French Wars of Religion. The edifice was rebuilt until the early 18th century. When the French Revolution broke out by 1789, the church was turnt into a Hôtel-Dieu, namely a charity hospital for the have-nots, because Revolutionners destroyed many clergy- and royal-related monuments. After that, new buildings were added to the original St. Lomer Abbey, which became St. Nicholas Church, and the additional edifices remained dedicated to the Hôtel-Dieu of the city. Nonetheless, this part was gradually abandoned and taken back by some public services. A reconversion project is currently under study.

Former Poulain Chocolate Factory

In the late 19th century, Bloisian industrialist and chocolatier Victor-Auguste Poulain established his brand's factory next to Blois station. The premises moved in the 1980s. Nowadays, those are housings and host the National Institute and School of Applied Sciences (INSA).

Denis-Papin Staircase

As Blois is built on a pair of steep hills, winding and steep pathways run through the city, culminating in long staircases at various points. The most iconic of them is the monumental Denis-Papin staircase which overlooks the town, provides a panoramic view by overlooking the downtown and the Loire Valley, and regularly enlivens urban space with original decorations. The fountain next to the staircase is a reminder of the location of the first Town Hall, destroyed after bombings on 16 June 1940.

Town Hall and Bishopric Gardens

Blois achieved independence from the Diocese of Chartres in 1697, and the cathedral was completed by 1700. As a result, the first bishops engineered wide gardens on several levels, next to the premises. Since the destruction of the former Blois town hall during World War II, local authorities requisitioned the bishop's apartments to establish there the new town hall. Now organised as an urban park, the gardens offer a panoramic view on the downtown, the Loire river, and Blois-Vienne. A statue of Joan of Arc, given to the city by American patron J. Sanford Saltus, stands in the middle of the park. Bishopric gardens are open to public all the year, and a remarkable rose garden can be visited from 15 May and 30 September, each year.

Hôtels Particuliers and Timber Framing Houses

Since Count Louis II of Orléans became King Louis XII of France in 1498, the city started to host many noblepersons from all the Kingdom. All would build their own mansion as close from the château as they could. King Louis XII also imported Renaissance style from Italy due to his successful military campaigns there. Among these so-called hôtels particuliers, there are:

• the Hôtel d'Alluye;
• the Hôtel d'Amboise;
• the Hôtel de Belot;
• the Hôtel de la Capitainerie (a.k.a. Hôtel de Bretagne);
• the Hôtel de la Chancellerie (i.e.: Chancellery Hotel);
• the Hôtel Denis-Dupont;
• the Hôtel d'Épernon;
• the Hôtel de Guise;
• the Hôtel de Jassaud;
• the Hôtel de Lavallière, built for Louise de Lavallière;
• the Hôtel de Rochefort;
• the Hôtel Sardini;
• the Hôtel Viart;
• the Hôtel de Villebresme, in which Denis Papin lived;
• the Château de la Vicomté (i.e.: Château of Viscounty), in the hamlet of Les Grouëts.

In addition, many citizens from the peoples engineered timber-framing buildings all across the city, including:

• the Logis du Loup;
• the Maison des Acrobates.

Please note all the above edifices have been listed as historical monuments.

Blois-Vienne and the Loire river

Blois-Vienne (or merely Vienne) is the name given to the southern part of the city, on the left bank of the Loire river. Independent from the city until 1606, there are many traces of the river's past. The main link between both banks is the Jacques-Gabriel Bridge, built in the early 18th century. From the levees circling the surroundings to other abandoned bridges, Vienne has also conserved a harbour, named La Creusille, which is now an urban park right on La Loire à Vélo bike route. Beyond the levees, La Bouillie Park is getting rehabilitated, and actually is a spillway in the event of floodings. Further to the south of the city, the Forêt de Russy is a reminder of the thick woods that once covered the area.

Religious Buildings

The city also is provided with many religious edifices, including:

• Blois Cathedral, dedicated to both Kings Louis IX and Louis XII, built between 1564 and 1700.
• St. Vincent Blois Church, dedicated to Saint Vincent de Paul, built between 1625 and 1660.
• St. Nicholas Blois Church, dedicated to bishop Saint Nicholas of Myra, built in the 12th century.
• Blois-Vienne Church, dedicated to Saint Saturnin of Toulouse, built between c. 1500 and 1528.
• The Basilica of Notre-Dame de la Trinité, dedicated to Our Lady of the Holy Trinity, built between 1932 and 1939.

Transport

The A10 motorway connects Blois with Paris, Orléans and Tours. Blois Railway Station offers direct connections from Paris, Orléans, Tours, Nantes, and to several regional destinations.

Regular commuting connections exist between Blois and most cities in the surroundings, including:

• Chaumont-sur-Loire (by train),
• Château of Chambord (by bus),
• Montrichard (by bus),
• Vendôme (by bus),
• ZooParc de Beauval (by bus).

Personalities linked to Blois

Historical and political figures

• Ivomadus (5th century), Breton chieftain who would have conquered Blois and established there an independent Kingdom until Clovis I's conquest.
• Count William of Orléans (died 834), first count of Blois.
• Count Theobald I (913–975), viscount who declared himself Count when Duke Hugh the Great died in 956.
• Thubois (c. 1044–1090)
• Lady Adela of Normandy (c. 1067–1137), daughter of William the Conqueror, married to Stephen II, Count of Blois.
• King Stephen of England (c. 1096–1154), second son of Count Stephen II and Lady Adela, he became King of England from 1135 to 1154.
• Lady Adela of Champagne (c. 1140–1206), daughter of Count Theobald IV of Blois, she married King Louis VII and gave to him future King Philip II.
• Duke Charles of Blois (1319–1364), notable stakeholder during the Hundred Years' War.
• King Louis XII (1462–1515), Count of Blois from 1465 to 1498, then King of France up to 1515.
• Queen Anne of Brittany (1477–1514), last Queen of Brittany, she remarried King Louis XII in 1499, then moved to Blois until her death.
• King Francis I (1494–1547), King of France born in Cognac, but he lived in Blois since his marriage in 1506 with Louis XII and Anne's daughter.
• Queen Catherine de' Medici (1519–1589), Queen consort of France, who died in the Château of Blois.
• Queen Marie de' Medici (1575–1642) was exiled to the Château of Blois by her son, King Louis XIII.
• Duke Henry I of Guise (1550–1588), assassinated on 23 December 1588 in the château.
• Duke Gaston of Orléans (1494 in Fontainebleau – 1547), uncle of King Louis XVI, he got establishment in the château, and died there.
• Jean Morin (1591–1659), theologian and biblical scholar of Protestant parents
• Michel V Bégon (1638–1710), officier de plume of the French Navy.
• Marie Anne de Bourbon (1666–1739), also known as Mademoiselle de Blois, daughter of King Louis XIV.
• Michel VI Bégon de la Picardière, (1669–1747). Commissioner in the French Navy; intendant of New France and Le Havre.
• Thomas de Mahy, Marquis de Favras (1744–1790), royalist
• Jean-Marie Pardessus (1772–1853).
• Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo (1773–1828).
• Eugène Riffault (1803–1888).
• Joséphine Marchais (1842–1874).
• Émile Laurens (1884–1940).
• Georges Litalien (1896–1952), deputee of the Loir-et-Cher department.
• Henri de La Vaissière (1901–1944).
• Pierre Sudreau (1919–2012).
• Jack Lang (1939–).
• Bernard Boucault. Préfet de Police in Paris (from 2012 to 2015).

Artists

• Pierre de Ronsard (1524–1585), poet from Vendôme but he met his muse Cassandre in the Château of Blois in 1549.
• Jacob Bunel (1568–1614), Bloisian painter who studied in the Royal School of Fontainebleau.
• Antoine Boësset (1587–1643), composer of secular music, and superintendent of music at the Ancien Régime French court.
• Jean Monier (1600–1656), painter close to Queen Marie de' Medici.
• Étienne Baudet (1638–1711), engraver born in Vineuil.
• Pierre Monier (1641–1703), painter and son of Jean Monier.
• Jacques Gabriel (1667–1742), Parisian architect who designed the Jacques-Gabriel Bridge in Blois.
• Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin (1805–1871), watchmaker, magician and illusionist, widely recognized as the father of the modern style of conjuring.
• Ulysse Besnard (1826–1899), painter, then ceramist.
• Daniel Dupuis (1849–1899), painter, sculptor and medal artist.
• Jules Contant (1852–1920), painter born in Blois-Vienne, son of a politician.
• Émile Gaucher (1858–1909), sculptor.
• Alfred Jean Halou (1875–1939), sculptor from Blois, who designed the Franco-Prussian War memorial in Blois.
• Étienne Gaudet (1891–1963), engraver and painter from Nevers but who lived and died in Blois.
• Bernard Lorjou (1908–1986), painter.
• Claudine Doury (born 1959), photographer.
• Jean-Louis Agobet (born 1968), composer.
• Christian Jui (born 1973), poet.
• Niro (born 1987), rapper born in Orléans but he grew up and currently lives in Blois.
• Hildegarde Fesneau (born 1995), violinist.

Artisans

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Blois was the hometown of many artisans in the watchmaking and goldsmithing industries. Among them:

• Julien Coudray, who was one of the first watchmakers in Blois according to Tardy, worked for Kings Louis XII and Francis I. There is a street in Blois that holds his name.
• the Cuper family : the Louvre museum, Paris, possesses two watches made by Michel Cuper, and two other ones by P. Cuper. A street also holds their name in the city.
• the Bellanger family : Martin with a first wife got 2 sons born between 1594 and 1597 (among them, one was called Isaac), then at least 3 other ones with a Suzanne, named Pierre (born in 1603), Jean (married in 1641 and dead in 1678), and Théophile.
• Guillaume Couldroit, from whom the British Museum, London, has a table clock.
• Jacques de la Garde, from whom the British Museum has a striking clock, and from whom a table clock can be found in the National Museum of the Renaissance in Écouen, France.
• Charles Perras, from whom 2 watches can be found in the British Museum, as well as in the Victoria and Albert Museum.
• the Duduict brothers.
• Blaise Foucher, Duiduict's disciple, from whom the British Museum possesses one watchcase.
• the Vautier family, among whom the British Museum has several Louis' watchcases.
• the Gribelin family, among whom Simon was watchmaker and engraver for the King, and his son Abraham (1589–1671) succeeded to him. Nowadays, the Louvre Museum has a watch made by Abraham.
• the Girard family, among whom Marc came from the Netherlands and established in Blois, his son Théodore and grandson Marc II were both watchmakers.
• Christophe Morlière (born in Orléans in 1604 – 1643), who moved to Blois. By 1632, he was ordered a watch for Lady Marguerite of Lorraine when she married Gaston, Duke of Orléans and Count of Blois.
• Pierre Brisson.
• Paul Viet, from whom the British Museum got a painted watchcase.
• Jean Bonbruict, from whom the British Museum has a silver coach watch.
• Nicolas Lemaindre, who was watchmaker and valet for Queen Catherine de' Medici. The British Museum also possesses one of his works, as well as the Louvre and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
• Pierre Landré, from whom a watch is visible in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York City.
• the Chartier family, among whom Pierre had a son registered as T. Chartier in the Louvre where a cylindrical table clock is exposed.
• François Laurier.
• Londonian watchmaker Henry Massy was son of Nicolas Massy, born in Blois.
• Robert Vauquer, who has now 2 watches in the Louvre and 1 in the Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore.

Intellectuals

• Peter of Blois (c. 1130 – c. 1211), theologian, poet and diplomat born in Blois.
• Paul Reneaulme (c. 1560 – c. 1624), doctor and botanist born in the city.
• Florimond de Beaune (1601–1652), jurist and mathematician born in Blois.
• René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (1643–1687), first explorer of Louisiana, born in Rouen, then teacher at the Royal College of Blois.
• Denis Papin (1647–1713), physicist, mathematician and inventor from Blois.
• Angel Baffard (1655–1726), genealogist specialist of Bloisian.
• Jean Marie Pardessus (1772–1853), lawyer.
• Augustin Thierry (1795–1856), historian born in the city.
• Amédée Thierry (1797–1873), historian like his elder brother, and journalist.
• Félix Duban (1798–1870), Parisian architect who restored the Château of Blois.
• Louis de La Saussaye (1801–1878), numismatist and historian from Blois.
• Jules de La Morandière (1813–1905), architect, and Duban's disciple.
• Victor-Auguste Poulain (1825–1918), chocolatier who created the Chocolat Poulain brand in 1848.
• Albert Poulain (1851–1937), chocolatier and industrialist, son of the precedent.
• Tiburce Colonna-Ceccaldi (1832–1892), diplomat and archaeologist born in Blois.
• Édouard Blau (1836–1906), dramatist and opera librettist from Blois.
• Arthur Trouëssart (1839–1929), architect, historian, and genealogist specialized in Bloisian history.
• Adrien Thibault (1844–1918), ceramist born in La Chaussée-Saint-Victor, then historian of Bloisian.
• René Guénon (also Sheikh 'Abd al-Wahid Yahya; 1886 – 1951), author, philosopher, social critic, the founder of the Traditionalist School.
• Philippe Ariès (1914–1984), medievalist and historian.
• Albert Ronsin (1928–2007), 20th-century French scholar, historian, librarian, and curator.
• Françoise Xenakis (1930–2018), novelist and journalist.
• Maxime Schwartz (born 1940), molecular biologist who has been a research director at the CNRS, and Director General of the Pasteur Institute.
• Henri Tézenas du Montcel (1943–1994), economist
• Pierre Rosanvallon (born 1948), historian and sociologist.
• Christophe Lebreton (1950–1996), Trappist monk and one of the Tibhirine monks.
• Luc Foisneau (born in 1963), philosopher and director of research at CNRS.

Sportspersons

• Marcel Lehoux (1888–1936), racing driver
• Philippe Gondet (1942–2018), footballer.
• Nicolas Vogondy (born 1977), cyclist.
• Sonia Bompastor (born 1980), female footballer.
• Aly Cissokho (born 1987), footballer of Senegalese descent.
• Bernard Onanga Itoua (born 1988), footballer.
• Alexis Khazzaka (born 1994), Lebanese footballer.
• Corentin Jean (born 1995), footballer.
• Alpha Kaba (born 1996), basketball player

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Blois is twinned with:

• Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany, since 30 June 1963
• Weimar, Germany, since 18 February 1995
• Lewes, United Kingdom, since 30 June 1963
• Sighişoara, Romania, since 18 November 1995
• Urbino, Italy, since 1 May 2003 ("friendship protocol")
• Huế, Vietnam, since 23 May 2007
• Azrou, Morocco, since July 2011 (protocol of cooperation)

Fictional references

Athos, the count of La Fère (from Alexandre Dumas' The Three Musketeers) has a castle in Blois, in Twenty Years After, and The Vicomte de Bragelonne (from the same author).

References

Bloisian artisans' artworks (A list):

Внешние ссылки

• Официальный сайт
• Документальная фотография Блуа, сделанная "Сайфом".
• Запись в Еврейской энциклопедии