Французский крейсер Montcalm (1900)
 Французская открытка Монткальма на скорости
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| История | |
|---|---|
 Франция | |
| Имя | Монткалм |
| Тезка | Луи-Джозеф де Монткалм |
| Строитель | Кординг и Méditerranée |
| Заложено | 27 сентября 1898 года |
| Launched | 27 March 1900 |
| Commissioned | 24 March 1902 |
| Renamed | Trémintin, 26 September 1934 |
| Reclassified | Accommodation ship, 28 October 1928 |
| Stricken | 28 October 1926 |
| Fate | Sunk 16 August 1944 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Gueydon-class armoured cruiser |
| Displacement | 9,177 tonnes (9,032 long tons) |
| Length | 137.97 m (452 ft 8 in) |
| Beam | 19.38 m (63 ft 7 in) |
| Draught | 7.67 m (25 ft 2 in) |
| Installed power |
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| Propulsion | 3 Shafts, 3 vertical triple-expansion steam engines |
| Speed | 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph) |
| Range | 8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Complement | 566 |
| Armament |
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| Armour |
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Montcalm был гюйдонским построенным бронированным крейсером, для французского флота в 1890 -х годах. Корабль видел услуги во время Первой мировой войны в Тихом океане. После войны Монткалм использовался в качестве помещения . В 1934 году судно было переименовано в Tremintin и было потоплено во время Второй мировой войны британскими самолетами.
Дизайн и описание
[ редактировать ]Разработанные военно -морскими архитекторами Эмилем Бертином , корабли Gueydon -класса были предназначены для заполнения стратегии торговли в Jeune école . Они имели длину 137,97 метра (452 фута 8 дюймов) в целом с пучком 19,38 метра (63 фута 7 дюймов) и имели черновик 7,67 метра (25 футов 2 дюйма). Монткальм смещен 9 177 метрических тонн (9 032 длинных тонн ). У корабля была команда из 566 офицеров и зачисленных мужчин. [ 1 ]
The Gueydon class had three vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving a single propeller shaft. Steam for Montcalm's engines was provided by 20 Normand Sigaudy boilers and they were rated at a total of 20,000 metric horsepower (15,000 kW) that gave them a speed of 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph). The ships carried up to 1,575 metric tons (1,550 long tons; 1,736 short tons) of coal and could steam for 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).[2]
The ships of the Gueydon class had a main armament that consisted of two 40-caliber 194 mm (7.6 in) guns that were mounted in single gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. Their secondary armament comprised eight 45-caliber quick-firing (QF) 164 mm (6.5 in) guns in casemates. For anti-torpedo boat defense, they carried four 45-caliber QF 100 mm (3.9 in) guns on the forecastle deck, as well as ten QF 47 mm (1.9 in) and four QF 37 mm (1.5 in) Hotchkiss guns. They were also armed with two submerged 450-millimetre (17.7 in) torpedo tubes.[1][2]
The Harvey armor belt of the Gueydon-class cruisers covered most of the ships' hull. The lower strake of armor was generally 150 millimetres (5.9 in) thick, although it reduced to 91 millimetres (3.6 in) forward, 81 millimetres (3.2 in) aft, and thinned to 51 millimetres (2 in) at its lower edge. The upper strake of armor had thicknesses of 97–81 millimetres (3.8–3.2 in) and 56–41 millimetres (2.2–1.6 in) between the main and upper decks. The curved lower protective deck ranged in thickness from 51 to 56 millimetres. In addition there was a light armor deck 20 millimetres (0.8 in) thick at the top of the lower armor strake. A watertight internal cofferdam, filled with cellulose, stretched between these two decks. The gun turrets were protected by 160–176-millimetre (6.3–6.9 in) armor and had roofs 23 millimetres (0.9 in) thick. The 100-millimetre guns were protected by gun shields and the sides of the conning tower were 160 millimetres thick.[1][2]
Construction and career
[edit]
Laid down by Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée at their La Seyne-sur-Mer shipyard on 27 September 1898, she was launched on 27 March 1900 and was commissioned on 24 March 1902, before completing her trials, to ferry the President of the Republic, Émile Loubet, to Russia.[3] Later that year she was commissioned for service in China.[4]
After the outbreak of World War I, Montcalm supported in the Australian capture of Rabaul in September 1914.[5] She was decommissioned and hulked as an accommodation ship on 28 October 1926. The ship was renamed Trémintin on 26 September 1934. She was at Brest in 1940 and was there sunk by the Royal Air Force on 16 August 1944.[3]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c Campbell, p. 305
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Silverstone, p. 79
- ^ Jump up to: a b Silverstone, p. 105
- ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36899. London. 15 October 1902. p. 8.
- ^ Details in the Australian Official History of the 1914-18 War, Volume Ten. There was some comment on the profile of the ship, bows and stern sections effectively identical, it being thought that this was an attempt to confuse enemy range-finders.
References
[edit]- Кэмпбелл, NJM (1979). "Франция". В Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (Eds.). Конвея - все мировые боевые корабли 1860–1905 . Гринвич: Conway Maritime Press. С. 283–333. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4 .
- Кухат, Жан Лабайл (1974). Французские военные корабли мировой войны . Лондон: Ян Аллан. ISBN 0-7110-0445-5 .
- Робертс, Стивен С. (2021). Французские военные корабли в эпохе пара 1859–1914 гг.: Проектирование, строительство, карьера и судьбы . Барнсли, Великобритания: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-4533-0 .
- Джордан, Джон и Каресс, Филипп (2019). Французские бронированные крейсеры 1887–1932 . Барнсли, Великобритания: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-4118-9 .
- Сильверстоун, Пол Х. (1984). Справочник мировых столичных кораблей . Нью -Йорк: Книги Гиппокрены. ISBN 0-88254-979-0 .
Кораблекрушения и морские инциденты в августе 1944 года |
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