Ханеун
Ханеуним или Хануним ( корейский : 하느님 ; Lit. Господь Небес; Небесный Господь) [ А ] [ 1 ] неба бог чиндоизма джиунсанизма и это . [ 1 ] В более буддийских частях этих религий он отождествляется с Индрой . В более даосских частях этих религий он отождествляется с Охвангом Сангже ( 옥황상제 ; 玉皇上帝 ; лит. Нефритовый император ). Под этим именем он божество Понхёноно в религии . [ 2 ]
Миф
[ редактировать ]Дангон традиционно считается внуком Хванина , «Небесного царя» и основателем корейской нации. [ 3 ] Мифы, похожие на мифы, находятся в Ainu, находятся в Ainu [ 4 ] и сибирские культуры. [ 5 ]
Миф начинается с принца Хванунг («Небесный принц»), сын Хванина . Принц попросил отца предоставить ему управление над Кореей. [ 6 ] Хванин принял, и Хванунг был отправлен на землю с тремя небесными печатью и сопровождался тремя тысячами последователей. [ 6 ] Принц прибыл под Синдансу/Шиндансу (신단수; 神檀樹, « Святое дерево » сандалового дерева ) [ 7 ] on the holy mountain, where he founded his holy city.[6]
At the time of his reign, Ungnyeo or Ungnye (웅녀, 熊女)[7]—who was a bear—and a tiger were living in a cave near the holy city, praying earnestly that their wish to become part of humankind might be fulfilled.[6] Ungnyeo patiently endured weariness and hunger, and after twenty-one days she was transformed into a woman, while the tiger ran away for it could not tolerate the effort.[6] The woman Ungnyeo was overjoyed, and visiting the sandalwood city she prayed that she might become the mother of a child.[6]
Ungnye's wish was fulfilled, so that she became the queen and gave birth to a prince who was given the royal name of Dangun, the "Sandalwood King".[6] Dangun reigned as the first human king of Korea, giving to his kingdom the name of Joseon, "Land of the Morning Calm", in 2333 BC.[6]
According to some scholars, the name Dangun is related to the Turko-Mongol Tengri ("Heaven"),[8] while the bear is a symbol of the Big Dipper (i.e. Ursa Major), itself a symbol of the supreme God in many Eurasian cultures. Later in the myth, Dangun becomes the Sansin, the "Mountain God" (metaphorically of civilising growth, prosperity).[9]
See also
[edit]Counterparts of Haneullim in other Asian cultures
- Amenominakanushi, the Japanese counterpart
- Jade Emperor, the Chinese counterpart
- Indra/Trimurti, the Hindu counterpart
- Śakra/Adi Buddha, the Buddhist counterpart
- Tengri, the Turko-Mongolian counterpart
- Thagyamin, the Burmese Buddhist representation of Śakra, a counterpart of the Jade Emperor
- Yuanshi Tianzun, the Taoist counterpart
- Ông Trời, the Vietnamese counterpart
Notes
[edit]- ^ also spelled Hanallim (하ㄴㆍㄹ님/하날님), Hanullim (한울님), birth name Hwanin (환인; 桓仁 or 桓因), also called Sangje (상제; 上帝, "Highest Deity"), Sangjenim (상제님; 上帝任/mixed script: 上帝님, "Highest Divine Lord"), or Cheonju (천주; 天主, "Heavenly Lord"/"Lord of Heaven"), or known simply as Haneul (하늘 "Heaven"), Cheon (천; 天, "Heaven", in Sino-Korean), Cheonje (천제; 天帝, "Heavenly Emperor"/"Emperor of Heaven", in Sino-Korean), or Cheon-sin / Cheon-shin (천신; 天神, "God of Heaven")
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b Hong (2009), p. 39.
- ^ "Okhwangsangje". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
- ^ Lee (1981), p. 13.
- ^ Lee (1981), p. 20.
- ^ Lee (1981), p. 21.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Lee (1981), p. 14.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Lee (2010s), pp. 10–13.
- ^ Lee (1981), pp. 17–18.
- ^ Lee (1981), pp. 16–18.
Sources
[edit]- Didier, John C. (2009). "In and Outside the Square: The Sky and the Power of Belief in Ancient China and the World, c. 4500 BC – AD 200". Sino-Platonic Papers (192). Victor H. Mair. Volume I: The Ancient Eurasian World and the Celestial Pivot, Volume II: Representations and Identities of High Powers in Neolithic and Bronze China, Volume III: Terrestrial and Celestial Transformations in Zhou and Early-Imperial China.
- Lee, Chi-Ran (2010s). «Появление национальных религий в Корее» (PDF) . Архивировано из оригинала (PDF) 13 апреля 2014 года.
- Ли, Юнг Янг (1981). Корейские шамоанистические ритуалы . Мутон де Грюйтер. ISBN 9027933782 .
- Хонг, Sung-Wook (2009). Называя Бога в Корее . WIPF & Stock. ISBN 978-1606086261 .