10 век в Англии

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События X века в Королевстве Англии .

События

902
- Ирландские норвежцы , изгнанные из Дублина , основывают колонии на Виррале . ^{[ 1 ]}
909
- Король Эдуард Старший и его сестра, принцесса Этельфледа Мерсийская Восточную , совершают набег на датскую Англию возвращают мощи святого Освальда и с триумфом . Этельфлед переводит их в новый собор в Глостере , который в его честь переименован в Приорат Святого Освальда . ^{[ 2 ]}
- Эдвард отправляет англосаксонскую армию атаковать нортумбрийских викингов и опустошать скандинавский Йорк . ^{[ 3 ]}
- Епархии Бата и Кредитона отделены от епархий Шерборна , Атхельм назначен первым епископом Уэллса, а Эдвульф Кредитонский . Примерно в это же время Этельверд некоторое время служит епископом Шерборна.
910–920
- Edward the Elder, King of Wessex, and his sister, Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, conquer most of the Danelaw.^[4]
910
- 5 August – Battle of Tettenhall: Edward the Elder, King of Wessex, allied with the forces of Mercia, defeats a Northumbrian Viking army; Eowils and Halfdan and Ingwær, kings of Northumbria, are killed.^[5]
911
- Edward transfers London and Oxford from Mercia to Wessex.^[1]
- Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians, dies and his wife Æthelflæd takes over rule as Lady of the Mercians.
912
- Æthelflæd of Mercia begins to establish fortified burhs, including one at Bridgnorth.
913
- Æthelflæd rebuilds the ruined town of Tamworth as a burh and capital of Mercia, also establishing a burh at Stafford.
914
- Æthelflæd of Mercia establishes Eddisbury and Warwick as burhs.
- (or 923) Death of Plegmund, Archbishop of Canterbury.
915
- First Battle of Corbridge: Viking victory over the Anglo-Saxons.^[1]
- King Edward occupies Bedford.^[1]
- Æthelflæd of Mercia establishes Chirbury and Runcorn as burhs.
917
- King Edward captures Derby and seizes control of East Anglia. All Danes south of the Humber submit to his rule.^[1]
918
- 12 June – Æthelflæd of Mercia dies at Tamworth; Edward the Elder takes control of her kingdom.^[1]
- Welsh kings pay homage to Edward.^[1]
- Second Battle of Corbridge.
919
- Ragnall ua Ímair seizes control of the Kingdom of York.^[1]
920
- Norse Vikings under Sitric Cáech attack Cheshire.^[1]
- Constantine II of Scotland, and the kings of Strathclyde, York, and Northumbria acknowledge Edward the Elder as their overlord.^[1]
c. 923
- Athelm enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
924
- 17 July – Edward the Elder dies and is succeeded by Æthelstan as King of Wessex.^[5]
925
- 4 September – coronation of Æthelstan as King of Wessex^[1] at Kingston upon Thames.
926
- 8 January – death of Athelm, Archbishop of Canterbury. He will be succeeded by Wulfhelm.
- 30 January – a sister of King Æthelstan, perhaps Edith of Polesworth, is married to Sitric Cáech, the squint-eyed Norse King of Northumbria and Dublin (died 927), in Tamworth.^[6]^[7]
- Possible date (or 936?) – Conan is nominated as Bishop of Cornwall by Æthelstan.
927
- King Æthelstan occupies York^[1] following the death of Sitric Cáech.
- 12 July – King Æthelstan of Wessex claims his kingdom and receives the submission of High-Reeve Ealdred I of Bamburgh and probably also of Owain ap Dyfnwal, King of Strathclyde, at Eamont Bridge. He unifies the various small kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy, creating the Kingdom of England, and also secures a pledge from King Constantine II of Scotland, that he will not ally with the Viking kings.^[1] This summer also Kings Hywel Dda of Deheubarth and Owain of Glywysing and Gwent submit to the overlordship of Æthelstan at Hereford.
928
- King Æthelstan sets the border between England and Wales at the River Wye.^[1]
- King Æthelstan asserts authority over the Cornish, and sets the border of Cornwall at the River Tamar.^[1]
- The scribe known as "Æthelstan A" begins to draft royal charters.
931
- Æthelstan holds the first Council of All England, at Colchester.^[1]
933
- Æthelstan founds Milton Abbey in Dorset.
934
- Æthelstan invades Scotland, reaching as far as Caithness.^[1]
935
- Approximate date – Æthelstan mints the first coins proclaiming himself to be "King of All Britain" (Rex To[tius] Brit[anniae]).^[1]^[8]
937
- Battle of Brunanburh: King Æthelstan defeats Olaf Guthfrithson, the Norse King of Dublin, Constantine II, King of Scots, and Owain ap Dyfnwal, King of the Cumbrians.^[5] In thanksgiving for his victory, on his return Æthelstan grants Beverley Minster collegiate status (according to legend).^[9]
939
- Failed expedition to support King Louis IV of France against Otto, King of East Francia.^[1]
- 27 October – King Æthelstan dies at Gloucester; he is buried at Malmesbury Abbey and succeeded by his half-brother Edmund I.^[5]
- King Olaf Guthfrithson captures York.^[1]
940
- King Edmund cedes Northumbria and the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw to Olaf Guthfrithson.^[5]
- King Edmund summons Dunstan to his court, where he becomes a favourite, and appoints him Abbot of Glastonbury, where he initiates English Benedictine Reform and revival.^[1]
941
- King Olaf Guthfrithson dies; Amlaíb Cuarán (Óláfr Sigtryggsson) succeeds him as King of Northumbria.^[1]
- 12 February – death of Wulfhelm, Archbishop of Canterbury.
- Oda enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
942
- King Edmund re-captures the Five Boroughs.^[1]
943
- Vikings take Tamworth.^[10]
944
- King Edmund takes York from the Vikings.^[5]
945
- King Edmund invades Strathclyde, and grants Cumbria to King Malcolm I of Scotland.^[1]
946
- 26 May – King Edmund is murdered by an exiled criminal at Pucklechurch and succeeded by his brother Eadred of England^[5] who is crowned on 16 August at Kingston upon Thames.
947
- Wulfstan I, Archbishop of York invites the Viking leader Eric Bloodaxe to become King of Northumbria.^[1]
- First record of Horsham.
948
- King Eadred expels Eric Bloodaxe from Northumbria.^[5]
- King Malcolm I of Scotland raids Northumbria.^[1]
949
- Óláfr Sigtryggsson returns as King of Northumbria.^[1]
952
- Eric Bloodaxe reconquers York.^[5]
- King Eadred imprisons Wulfstan of York.^[1]
954
- Eric Bloodaxe is killed at Stainmore allowing King Eadred to recover York,^[5] reuniting the kingdom of Northumbria with that of England, under the administration of Osulf I of Bamburgh.
955
- 23 November – King Eadred dies at Frome and is succeeded by his nephew Eadwig.^[5]
956
- Dunstan exiled after quarreling with King Eadwig.^[1]
957
- Dunstan re-founds abbeys at Bath, Exeter, Malmesbury, and Westminster.^[1]
- Mercia and Northumbria rebel, choosing Edgar as King.^[1]
958
- 2 June – death of Oda of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury.
959
- Ælfsige enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury but dies en route to Rome.
- Byrhthelm enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 1 October – King Edy dies and is succeeded by his brother Edgar the Peaceful.^[5] Edgar overturns the appointment of Byrhthelm as Archbishop of Canterbury in favour of Dunstan.
960
- 21 September – Dunstan receives the pallium as Archbishop of Canterbury from Pope John XII.
961
- Saint Oswald becomes Bishop of Worcester; he establishes or re-founds abbeys at Ramsey, Cambridgeshire, Evesham, Pershore, and Winchcombe.^[1] Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon, founds Tavistock Abbey.
963
- King Edgar grants legal autonomy to the Danelaw.^[1]
- Æthelwold becomes Bishop of Winchester; re-founds abbeys at Ely and (about 966) Peterborough (Medeshamstede).^[1]
c. 970
- Regularis Concordia produced at Winchester.^[4]
- Oak tree begins growing in what will become Blenheim Park in Oxfordshire which will still be living in the second decade of the 21st century.^[11]
971
- 15 July – the planned removal of the body of Saint Swithun during the re-building of Winchester Cathedral is delayed by 40 days due to rain.^[12]
- Kenneth II of Scotland raids England, reaching as far as Yorkshire.^[1]
973
- 11 May – coronation of King Edgar at Bath.^[5]
- Edgar sails to Chester, and receives homage from the rulers of Alba, Strathclyde, Wales, and the Kingdom of the Isles.^[1]
- Edgar has the coinage called in and re-struck as uniform pennies.
975
- 8 July – King Edgar dies and is succeeded by his 12-year-old son Edward.^[5]
978
- 18 March – King Edward is murdered by the servants of his stepmother Queen Ælfthryth at Corfe Castle. He is succeeded by his stepbrother Æthelred the Unready.^[5]
980
- Vikings begin a new wave of raids on England.^[5]
981
- 13 February – start of a 7-day procession in which the bones of St Edward the Martyr are translated from Wareham to Shaftesbury Abbey, overseen by Dunstan and Ælfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia.^[13]
- Viking raids on Dorset, Devon, and Cornwall begin, and continue for a further seven years.^[1]
985
- King Æthelred grants lands at Hēatūn to Lady Wulfrun by royal charter, thus founding what will become Wolverhampton.^[14]^[15]
986
- Cholsey Abbey, a nunnery, is founded in the upper Thames valley by dowager queen Ælfthryth.
988
- 19 May – death of Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury. He is succeeded by Æthelgar.
990
- 13 February – death of Æthelgar, Archbishop of Canterbury.
- Sigeric the Serious enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
991
- 1 March – Æthelred signs a treaty with Duke Richard I of Normandy, by which each agrees not to aid the others' enemies.^[1]
- August – Norse invasion force sacks Ipswich.^[1]
- 10 August – Battle of Maldon: Danes defeat the English army,^[5] whose leader, Byrhtnoth, is killed.
- The first Danegeld, of £10,000, is paid to the Danes in return for their leaving England (according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle).^[5]
993
- Danes raid Northumbria,^[1] destroying the original fortifications at Bamburgh Castle.
994
- Norse and Danish armies ravage the south-east, but fail to capture London.^[1]
- £16,000 of Danegeld paid.^[1]
- Olaf II of Norway is baptised at Andover, and swears not to return to England.^[1]
995
- Ælfric of Abingdon enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- Aldhun, Bishop of Lindisfarne, moves his episcopal see from Chester-le-Street to Durham, to which the remains of Saint Cuthbert (d. 687) are translated.
- Ælfric of Eynsham completes his Catholic Homilies.^[1]
997
- King Æthelred issues a law code at Wantage, defining the legal position in the Danelaw and introducing trial by jury.^[1]
- Ælfric of Eynsham completes the English Lives of Saints.^[1]
998
- Danes raid southern and western coasts.^[1]
999
- Danes raid Kent, attacking Rochester.^[1]
1000
- English fleet invades the Isle of Man.^[1]
- English invasion of Cumbria fails.^[1]
- Heroic poem The Battle of Maldon composed.^[1]

Births

902
- Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 988)
922
- King Edmund I of England (died 946)
923
- King Eadred of England (died 955)
943/44
- King Edgar of England (died 975)
c. 950
- Sigeric the Serious, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 994)
c. 955
- Ælfric of Eynsham, abbot and religious writer (died 1010)
c. 962
- King Edward the Martyr (died 978)
968
- King Æthelred the Unready (died 1016)

Deaths

902
- 5 December – Ealhswith, queen consort of Alfred the Great
904
- John the Old Saxon, Abbot of Athelney (approximate date)
908
- Denewulf, Bishop of Winchester
909 – approximate date
- Asser, Bishop of Sherborne and scholar
- Wighelm, probable Bishop of Selsey
911
- Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
912
- Wilferth, Bishop of Lichfield (approximate date)
913
- Eadwulf II of Northumbria (killed)
914 or 923
- 2 August – Plegmund, Archbishop of Canterbury
915
- Cutheard of Lindisfarne, bishop (approximate date)
917
- Guthrum II, presumed king of East Anglia
918
- 12 June – Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians (born c. 870)
920 or 922
- Æthelweard (son of Alfred)
921
- Ragnall ua Ímair, Norse King of Northumbria and Mann
924
- 17 July – Edward the Elder, King of Wessex (born c. 871)
- 2 August – Ælfweard of Wessex, King of Wessex
926
- 8 January – Athelm, Archbishop of Canterbury
927
- Sitric Cáech, Norse King of Northumbria
939
- 27 October – Æthelstan, King of England (born c. 895)
941
- 12 February – Wulfhelm, Archbishop of Canterbury
946
- 26 May – King Edmund I of England (born 922)
954
- Eric Bloodaxe, Norse King of Northumbria (born c. 895)
955
- 23 November – King Eadred of England (born c. 923)
958
- Oda, Archbishop of Canterbury
959
- Ælfsige, Archbishop of Canterbury
c. 962/3
- Æthelwald, Ealdorman of East Anglia
971
- Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon
973
- 15 May – Byrhthelm, Archbishop of Canterbury
975
- 8 July – King Edgar of England (born c. 943)
977
- 30 April–2 May – Sideman, Bishop of Crediton
978
- 18 March – King Edward the Martyr (born c. 962)
988
- Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 909)
990
- 13 February – Æthelgar, Archbishop of Canterbury
994
- 28 October – Sigeric the Serious, Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 950)

References

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 42–47. ISBN 978-0-7126-5616-0.
^ Heighway, Carolyn (2001). "Gloucester and the new minister of St Oswald". In Higham, N. J.; Hill, D. H. (eds.). Edward the Elder 899-924. Routledge. p. 108.
^ Haywood, John (1995). Historical Atlas of the Vikings. Penguin Books. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Morgan, Kenneth O. (1998). The Oxford Popular History of Britain. Parragon. ISBN 978-0-7525-2572-3.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 95–104. ISBN 978-0-304-35730-7.
^ Smith, Christine. "Who Was St. Editha?". Archived from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
^ "Sihtric (Norse King of York)". Medieval People. TimeRef. Archived from the original on 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
^ «Серебряная монета Ательстана» . Британский музей . Проверено 25 марта 2014 г.
^ «Хронология истории» . Беверли Минстер . Проверено 24 декабря 2016 г.
^ Суонтон, Майкл, изд. (1996). «Г-жа Д., са 943». Англосаксонская хроника . Нью-Йорк: Рутледж. п. 111. ИСБН 978-0-415-92129-9 . OCLC 214956905 .
^ Уилкинсон, Джо (12 июля 2016 г.). «Эксперты нашли самый старый дуб Британии» . ПроАрб . Проверено 12 марта 2023 г.
^ Карман пингвина в этот день . Справочная библиотека пингвинов. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9 .
^ «Святой Эдуард Мученик» . Католическая энциклопедия . Компания Роберта Эпплтона. 1909 год . Проверено 21 сентября 2007 г.
^ Кембл, Джон Митчелл . Дипломатический кодекс саксонской эпохи №. 650
^ Джонс, Дженни . «Леди Вульфруна: мать-основательница Вулверхэмптона» . Общество истории и наследия Вулверхэмптона . Проверено 3 марта 2014 г.

[CBH-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 42–47. ISBN 978-0-7126-5616-0.

[2] Heighway, Carolyn (2001). "Gloucester and the new minister of St Oswald". In Higham, N. J.; Hill, D. H. (eds.). Edward the Elder 899-924. Routledge. p. 108.

[3] Haywood, John (1995). Historical Atlas of the Vikings. Penguin Books. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.

[Oxford_Popular-4] Jump up to: ^a ^b Morgan, Kenneth O. (1998). The Oxford Popular History of Britain. Parragon. ISBN 978-0-7525-2572-3.

[Cassell's_Chronology-5] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 95–104. ISBN 978-0-304-35730-7.

[6] Smith, Christine. "Who Was St. Editha?". Archived from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2012-02-23.

[7] "Sihtric (Norse King of York)". Medieval People. TimeRef. Archived from the original on 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2012-02-23.

[8] «Серебряная монета Ательстана» . Британский музей . Проверено 25 марта 2014 г.

[9] «Хронология истории» . Беверли Минстер . Проверено 24 декабря 2016 г.

[10] Суонтон, Майкл, изд. (1996). «Г-жа Д., са 943». Англосаксонская хроника . Нью-Йорк: Рутледж. п. 111. ИСБН 978-0-415-92129-9 . OCLC 214956905 .

[11] Уилкинсон, Джо (12 июля 2016 г.). «Эксперты нашли самый старый дуб Британии» . ПроАрб . Проверено 12 марта 2023 г.

[Pocket_On_This_Day-12] Карман пингвина в этот день . Справочная библиотека пингвинов. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9 .

[CE-13] «Святой Эдуард Мученик» . Католическая энциклопедия . Компания Роберта Эпплтона. 1909 год . Проверено 21 сентября 2007 г.

[14] Кембл, Джон Митчелл . Дипломатический кодекс саксонской эпохи №. 650

[15] Джонс, Дженни . «Леди Вульфруна: мать-основательница Вулверхэмптона» . Общество истории и наследия Вулверхэмптона . Проверено 3 марта 2014 г.

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