Армия Соединенных Штатов

Не путать с департаментом армии США , вооруженными силами Соединенных Штатов , Армией Соединенных Штатов или Национальной гвардией армии .

Армия Соединенных Штатов
Официальная печать армии Соединенных Штатов Wordmark
Основан	14 июня 1775 г. ( 1775-06-14 ) (249 лет, 3 месяца назад)
Страна	Соединенные Штаты
Тип	Армия
Роль	Земельная война
Размер	452 689 сотрудников активной службы 325,218 Армейская национальная гвардия 176 968 армейских резервных сотрудников 1 073 200 человек в общей сложности (официальные данные по состоянию на 31 июля 2023 г.) 330 000 гражданских сотрудников 4406 экипаж
Часть	Вооруженные силы Соединенных Штатов Департамент армии
Штаб -квартира	Пентагон Арлингтон округ, штат Вирджиния , США
Девиз (ы)	"Это мы защитим"
Цвета	Черный, золотой и белый
Маршировать	« Армия идет по »
Талисман (ы)	Армейские мулы
Годовщины	День рождения армии : 14 июня
Оборудование	Список оборудования армии США
Занятия	show Смотрите список Revolutionary War War of 1812 Mexican–American War Civil War Indian Wars Spanish–American War China Relief Expedition Philippine–American War Mexican Expedition World War I Russian Civil War Bonus Army suppression World War II Korean War 1958 Lebanon crisis Vietnam War Dominican Civil War Korean DMZ Conflict Invasion of Grenada Invasion of Panama Somali Civil War Persian Gulf War Kosovo War Global War on Terrorism War in Afghanistan Iraq War Operation Inherent Resolve Battle of Khasham
Веб -сайт	army.mil goarmy.com
Командиры
Главный командир	Президент Джо Байден
Министр обороны	Ллойд Остин
Секретарь армии	Кристина Вормут
Начальник штаба	Генерал Рэнди А. Джордж
Вице -начальник штаба	Генерал Джеймс Дж. Мингус
Сержант -майор армии	SMA Майкл Р. Веймер
Осознание
Флаг
Полевой флаг

Армия Соединенных Штатов ( США ) является земельной службы отделом вооруженных сил Соединенных Штатов . Это одна из восьми услуг в форме США , и это обозначено как армия Соединенных Штатов в Конституции США . Армия является самой старой филиалом американских военных и самой старшей в порядке приоритета. Он имеет свои корни в континентальной армии , которая была сформирована 14 июня 1775 года, чтобы бороться с британцами за независимость во время американской войны за революцию (1775–1783). После революционной войны Конгресс Конфедерации создал армию Соединенных Штатов 3 июня 1784 года, чтобы заменить расформированную континентальную армию. Армия Соединенных Штатов считает себя продолжением континентальной армии и, таким образом, рассматривает его институциональное начало как происхождение этой вооруженной силы в 1775 году.

Армия США является в форме службы Соединенных Штатов и является частью Департамента армии , который является одним из трех военных департаментов Министерства обороны . Армии США возглавляют гражданский старший назначенный государственный служащий, секретарь армии (секурдия) и главным военным офицером , начальником штаба армии (CSA), который также является членом Объединенного начальника штаба Полем Это крупнейшая военная филиал, и в 2022 финансовом году прогнозируемая конечная сила для обычной армии (США) составляла 480 893 солдат; ( Национальная гвардия армии ARNG) имело 336 129 солдат, а в резерве армии США (USAR) было 188 703 солдат; Комбинированная сила армии США составила 1 005 725 солдат. Как филиал вооруженных сил, миссия армии США заключается в том, чтобы «сражаться и выигрывать войны нашей страны, обеспечивая быстрое, устойчивое доминирование на земле в полном спектре военных операций и спектр конфликта, в поддержку командиров боевых ". Филиал участвует в конфликтах по всему миру и является основной наземной наступательной и защитной силой Соединенных Штатов Америки.

Миссия

Армия Соединенных Штатов служит наземным отделением вооруженных сил США . Раздел 7062 Раздела 10, Кодекс США определяет цель армии как:

• Сохранение мира и безопасности и обеспечения защиты Соединенных Штатов, Содружества и владений и любых областей, занятых Соединенными Штатами
• Поддержка национальной политики
• Внедрение национальных целей
• Преодоление любых стран, ответственных за агрессивные действия, которые подвергают опасности мир и безопасность Соединенных Штатов

В 2018 году стратегия армии 2018 года сформулировала приложение для армии восьми очков на 2028 год. армии В то время как миссия армии остается постоянной, стратегия армии опирается на модернизацию бригады , добавляя фокус к корпусам и эшелонам дивизиона . контролирует Фьючерсное командование армии реформы, ориентированные на обычную войну . армии Нынешний план реорганизации должен быть завершен к 2028 году.

The Army's five core competencies are prompt and sustained land combat, combined arms operations (to include combined arms maneuver and wide–area security, armored and mechanized operations and airborne and air assault operations), special operations forces, to set and sustain the theater for the joint force, and to integrate national, multinational, and joint power on land.

History

Main article: History of the United States Army

Origins

The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Second Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking helped shape the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught Prussian Army tactics and organizational skills.

The storming of Redoubt No. 10 in the Siege of Yorktown during the American Revolutionary War prompted Great Britain's government to begin negotiations, resulting in the Treaty of Paris and Great Britain's recognition of the United States as an independent state.

The Army fought numerous pitched battles, and sometimes used Fabian strategy and hit-and-run tactics in the South in 1780 and 1781; under Major General Nathanael Greene, it hit where the British were weakest to wear down their forces. Washington led victories against the British at Trenton and Princeton, but lost a series of battles in the New York and New Jersey campaign in 1776 and the Philadelphia campaign in 1777. With a decisive victory at Yorktown and the help of the French, the Continental Army prevailed against the British.

After the war, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, except a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon considered necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, where more than 800 soldiers were killed, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, established in 1791 and renamed the United States Army in 1796.

In 1798, during the Quasi-War with France, the U.S. Congress established a three-year "Provisional Army" of 10,000 men, consisting of twelve regiments of infantry and six troops of light dragoons. In March 1799, Congress created an "Eventual Army" of 30,000 men, including three regiments of cavalry. Both "armies" existed only on paper, but equipment for 3,000 men and horses was procured and stored.

19th century

War of 1812 and Indian Wars

Further information: War of 1812 and Army on the Frontier

General Andrew Jackson standing on the parapet of his makeshift defenses as his troops repulse attacking Highlanders during the defense of New Orleans, the final major and most one-sided battle of the War of 1812, mainly fought by militia and volunteers.

The War of 1812, the second and last war between the United States and Great Britain, had mixed results. The U.S. Army did not conquer Canada but it did destroy Native American resistance to expansion in the Old Northwest and stopped two major British invasions in 1814 and 1815. After taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the U.S. Army seized parts of western Upper Canada, burned York and defeated Tecumseh, which caused his Western Confederacy to collapse. Following U.S. victories in the Canadian province of Upper Canada, British troops who had dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", were able to capture and burn Washington, which was defended by militia, in 1814. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo antebellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and siege of Fort St. Philip with an army dominated by militia and volunteers, and became a national hero. U.S. troops and sailors captured HMS Cyane, Levant and Penguin in the final engagements of the war. Per the treaty, both sides (the United States and Great Britain) returned to the geographical status quo. Both navies kept the warships they had seized during the conflict.

The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars (1818–1858) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians' winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there was no winter. The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century.

The U.S. Army fought and won the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), which was a defining event for both countries. The U.S. victory resulted in acquisition of territory that eventually became all or parts of the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming and New Mexico.

American Civil War

Further information: Union Army

The Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the American Civil War

The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties. After most slave states, located in the southern U.S., formed the Confederate States, the Confederate States Army, led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a large fraction of Southern white manpower. Forces of the United States (the "Union" or "the North") formed the Union Army, consisting of a small body of regular army units and a large body of volunteer units raised from every state, north and south, except South Carolina.

For the first two years, Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a large territory in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863, the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–1863, General Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had General Robert E. Lee under siege in Richmond as General William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House. All other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.

The war remains the deadliest conflict in U.S. history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 men on both sides. Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white males aged 13 to 43 died in the war, including 6.4% in the North and 18% in the South.

Later 19th century

Army soldiers in 1890

Following the Civil War, the U.S. Army had the mission of containing western tribes of Native Americans on the Indian reservations. They set up many forts, and engaged in the last of the American Indian Wars. U.S. Army troops also occupied several Southern states during the Reconstruction Era to protect freedmen.

The key battles of the Spanish–American War of 1898 were fought by the Navy. Using mostly new volunteers, the U.S. forces defeated Spain in land campaigns in Cuba and played the central role in the Philippine–American War.

20th century

Starting in 1910, the army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft. In 1910, during the Mexican Revolution, the army was deployed to U.S. towns near the border to ensure the safety of lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa, a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico, prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918.

World Wars

For a list of campaigns see List of United States Army campaigns during World War II

U.S. Army troops assaulting a German bunker in France, c. 1918

U.S. Army unit before heading to France during World War I

The United States joined World War I as an "Associated Power" in 1917 on the side of Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the other Allies. U.S. troops were sent to the Western Front and were involved in the last offensives that ended the war. With the armistice in November 1918, the army once again decreased its forces.

In 1939, estimates of the Army's strength ranged between 174,000 and 200,000 soldiers, smaller than that of Portugal's, which ranked it 17th or 19th in the world in size. General George C. Marshall became Army chief of staff in September 1939 and set about expanding and modernizing the Army in preparation for war.

U.S. soldiers hunting for Japanese infiltrators during the Bougainville Campaign

The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Some 11 million Americans were to serve in various Army operations. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that landed in French North Africa and took Tunisia and then moved on to Sicily and later fought in Italy. In the June 1944 landings in northern France and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In 1947, the number of soldiers in the US Army had decreased from eight million in 1945 to 684,000 soldiers and the total number of active divisions had dropped from 89 to 12. The leaders of the Army saw this demobilization as a success.

In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947. In 1948, the army was desegregated by order 9981 of President Harry S. Truman.

Cold War

1945–1960

U.S. Army soldiers observing an atomic bomb test of Operation Buster-Jangle at the Nevada Test Site during the Korean War

The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and U.S. strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.

US tanks and Soviet tanks at Checkpoint Charlie, 1961

During the Cold War, U.S. troops and their allies fought communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. The Korean War began in June 1950, when the Soviets walked out of a UN Security Council meeting, removing their possible veto. Under a United Nations umbrella, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops fought to prevent the takeover of South Korea by North Korea and later to invade the northern nation. After repeated advances and retreats by both sides and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army's entry into the war, the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in July 1953.

1960–1970

The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the U.S. public and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by U.S. political leaders. While U.S. forces had been stationed in South Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence and advising/training roles, they were not deployed in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. U.S. forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, but they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the People's Army Of Vietnam (NVA).

A U.S. Army infantry patrol moving up to assault the last North Vietnamese Army position at Dak To, South Vietnam during Operation Hawthorne

During the 1960s, the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. In 1967, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in the Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to eight divisions (one mechanized infantry, two armored, and five infantry), but increased the number of brigades from seven to 18 (one airborne, one armored, two mechanized infantry and 14 infantry). The loss of the divisions did not sit well with the states. Their objections included the inadequate maneuver element mix for those that remained and the end to the practice of rotating divisional commands among the states that supported them. Under the proposal, the remaining division commanders were to reside in the state of the division base. However, no reduction in total Army National Guard strength was to take place, which convinced the governors to accept the plan. The states reorganized their forces accordingly between 1 December 1967 and 1 May 1968.

1970–1990

U.S. Army soldiers preparing to take La Comandancia in the El Chorrillo neighborhood of Panama City during Operation Just Cause

The Total Force Policy was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involved treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. General Abrams' intertwining of the three components of the army effectively made extended operations impossible without the involvement of both the Army National Guard and Army Reserve in a predominantly combat support role. The army converted to an all-volunteer force with greater emphasis on training to specific performance standards driven by the reforms of General William E. DePuy, the first commander of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. Following the Camp David Accords that was signed by Egypt, Israel that was brokered by president Jimmy Carter in 1978, as part of the agreement, both the United States and Egypt agreed that there would be a joint military training led by both countries that would usually take place every 2 years, that exercise is known as Exercise Bright Star.

The 1980s was mostly a decade of reorganization. The Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 created unified combatant commands bringing the army together with the other four military services under unified, geographically organized command structures. The army also played a role in the invasions of Grenada in 1983 (Operation Urgent Fury) and Panama in 1989 (Operation Just Cause).

By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement were used.

1990s

M1 Abrams tanks moving out before the Battle of Al Busayyah during the Gulf War

In 1990, Iraq invaded its smaller neighbor, Kuwait, and U.S. land forces quickly deployed to assure the protection of Saudi Arabia. In January 1991 Operation Desert Storm commenced, a U.S.-led coalition which deployed over 500,000 troops, the bulk of them from U.S. Army formations, to drive out Iraqi forces. The campaign ended in total victory, as Western coalition forces routed the Iraqi Army. Some of the largest tank battles in history were fought during the Gulf war. The Battle of Medina Ridge, Battle of Norfolk and the Battle of 73 Easting were tank battles of historical significance.

Iraqi tanks destroyed by Task Force 1-41 Infantry during the Gulf War, February 1991

After Operation Desert Storm, the army did not see major combat operations for the remainder of the 1990s but did participate in a number of peacekeeping activities. In 1990 the Department of Defense issued guidance for "rebalancing" after a review of the Total Force Policy, but in 2004, USAF Air War College scholars concluded the guidance would reverse the Total Force Policy which is an "essential ingredient to the successful application of military force".

21st century

U.S. Army Rangers taking part in a raid during an operation in Nahr-e Saraj, Afghanistan

On 11 September 2001, 53 Army civilians (47 employees and six contractors) and 22 soldiers were among the 125 victims killed in the Pentagon in a terrorist attack when American Airlines Flight 77 commandeered by five Al-Qaeda hijackers slammed into the western side of the building, as part of the September 11 attacks. In response to the 11 September attacks and as part of the Global War on Terror, U.S. and NATO forces invaded Afghanistan in October 2001, displacing the Taliban government. The U.S. Army also led the combined U.S. and allied invasion of Iraq in 2003; it served as the primary source for ground forces with its ability to sustain short and long-term deployment operations. In the following years, the mission changed from conflict between regular militaries to counterinsurgency, resulting in the deaths of more than 4,000 U.S. service members (as of March 2008) and injuries to thousands more. 23,813 insurgents were killed in Iraq between 2003 and 2011.

U.S. Army soldiers with the 2nd Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division returning fire during a firefight with Taliban forces in Barawala Kalay Valley in Kunar province, Afghanistan, March 2011

Until 2009, the army's chief modernization plan, its most ambitious since World War II, was the Future Combat Systems program. In 2009, many systems were canceled, and the remaining were swept into the BCT modernization program. By 2017, the Brigade Modernization project was completed and its headquarters, the Brigade Modernization Command, was renamed the Joint Modernization Command, or JMC. In response to Budget sequestration in 2013, Army plans were to shrink to 1940 levels, although actual Active-Army end-strengths were projected to fall to some 450,000 troops by the end of FY2017. From 2016 to 2017, the Army retired hundreds of OH-58 Kiowa Warrior observation helicopters, while retaining its Apache gunships. The 2015 expenditure for Army research, development and acquisition changed from $32 billion projected in 2012 for FY15 to $21 billion for FY15 expected in 2014.

Organization

Organization of the United States Army within the Department of Defense

Planning

By 2017, a task force was formed to address Army modernization, which triggered shifts of units: CCDC, and ARCIC, from within Army Materiel Command (AMC), and Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), respectively, to a new Army Command (ACOM) in 2018. The Army Futures Command (AFC), is a peer of FORSCOM, TRADOC, and AMC, the other ACOMs. AFC's mission is modernization reform: to design hardware, as well as to work within the acquisition process which defines materiel for AMC. TRADOC's mission is to define the architecture and organization of the Army, and to train and supply soldiers to FORSCOM. AFC's cross-functional teams (CFTs) are Futures Command's vehicle for sustainable reform of the acquisition process for the future. In order to support the Army's modernization priorities, its FY2020 budget allocated $30 billion for the top six modernization priorities over the next five years. The $30 billion came from $8 billion in cost avoidance and $22 billion in terminations.

Army Components

See also: Structure of the United States Army

U.S. Army organization chart

The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775. In the first one hundred years of its existence, the United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent forts and perform other non-wartime duties such as engineering and construction works. During times of war, the U.S. Army was augmented by the much larger United States Volunteers which were raised independently by various state governments. States also maintained full-time militias which could also be called into the service of the army.

Senior American commanders of the European theatre of World War II.
*Seated are (from left to right) Generals William H. Simpson, George S. Patton, Carl A. Spaatz, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, Courtney H. Hodges, and Leonard T. Gerow
*standing are (from left to right) Generals Ralph F. Stearley, Hoyt Vandenberg, Walter Bedell Smith, Otto P. Weyland, and Richard E. Nugent

By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps and the state militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.

In 1941, the "Army of the United States" was founded to fight World War II. The Regular Army, Army of the United States, the National Guard and Officer/Enlisted Reserve Corps (ORC and ERC) existed simultaneously. After World War II, the ORC and ERC were combined into the United States Army Reserve. The Army of the United States was re-established for the Korean War and Vietnam War and was demobilized upon the suspension of the draft.

Currently, the Army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard. Some states further maintain state defense forces, as a type of reserve to the National Guard, while all states maintain regulations for state militias. State militias are both "organized", meaning that they are armed forces usually part of the state defense forces, or "unorganized" simply meaning that all able-bodied males may be eligible to be called into military service.

The U.S. Army is also divided into several branches and functional areas. Branches include officers, warrant officers, and enlisted Soldiers while functional areas consist of officers who are reclassified from their former branch into a functional area. However, officers continue to wear the branch insignia of their former branch in most cases, as functional areas do not generally have discrete insignia. Some branches, such as Special Forces, operate similarly to functional areas in that individuals may not join their ranks until having served in another Army branch. Careers in the Army can extend into cross-functional areas for officer, warrant officer, enlisted, and civilian personnel.

U.S. Army branches and functional areas

Branch	Insignia and colors		Branch	Insignia and colors		Functional Area (FA)
Acquisition Corps (AC)			Air Defense Artillery (AD)			Information Network Engineering (FA 26)
Adjutant General's Corps (AG) Includes Army Bands (AB)			Armor (AR) Includes Cavalry (CV)			Information Operations (FA 30)
Aviation (AV)			Civil Affairs Corps (CA)			Strategic Intelligence (FA 34)
Chaplain Corps (CH)			Chemical Corps (CM)			Space Operations (FA 40)
Cyber Corps (CY)			Dental Corps (DC)			Public Affairs Officer (FA 46)
Corps of Engineers (EN)			Field Artillery (FA)			Academy Professor (FA 47)
Finance Corps (FI)			Infantry (IN)			Foreign Area Officer (FA 48)
Inspector General (IG)			Logistics (LG)			Operations Research/Systems Analysis (FA 49)
Judge Advocate General's Corps (JA)			Military Intelligence Corps (MI)			Force Management (FA 50)
Medical Corps (MC)			Medical Service Corps (MS)			Acquisition (FA 51)
Military Police Corps (MP)			Army Nurse Corps (AN)			Simulation Operations (FA 57)
Psychological Operations (PO)			Medical Specialist Corps (SP)			Army Marketing (FA 58)
Quartermaster Corps (QM)			Staff Specialist Corps (SS) (USAR and ARNG only)			Health Services (FA 70)
Special Forces (SF)			Ordnance Corps (OD)			Laboratory Sciences (FA 71)
Veterinary Corps (VC)			Public Affairs (PA)			Preventive Medicine Sciences (FA 72)
Transportation Corps (TC)			Signal Corps (SC)			Behavioral Sciences (FA 73)
Special branch insignias (for some unique duty assignments)
National Guard Bureau (NGB)			General Staff			U.S. Military Academy Staff
Chaplain Candidate			Officer Candidate			Warrant Officer Candidate
Aide-de-camp						Senior Enlisted Advisor (SEA)

Before 1933, members of the Army National Guard were considered state militia until they were mobilized into the U.S. Army, typically on the onset of war. Since the 1933 amendment to the National Defense Act of 1916, all Army National Guard soldiers have held dual status. They serve as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and as reserve members of the U.S. Army under the authority of the president, in the Army National Guard of the United States.

Since the adoption of the total force policy, in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, reserve component soldiers have taken a more active role in U.S. military operations. For example, Reserve and Guard units took part in the Gulf War, peacekeeping in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Army commands and army service component commands

Headquarters, United States Department of the Army (HQDA):

Army Commands	Current commander	Location of headquarters
United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM)	GEN Andrew P. Poppas	Fort Liberty, North Carolina
United States Army Futures Command (AFC)	GEN James E. Rainey	Austin, Texas
United States Army Materiel Command (AMC)	LTG Christopher O. Mohan (acting)	Redstone Arsenal, Alabama
United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC)	GEN Gary M. Brito	Fort Eustis, Virginia
Army Service Component Commands	Current commander	Location of headquarters
United States Army Central (ARCENT)/Third Army	LTG Patrick D. Frank	Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina
United States Army Europe and Africa/Seventh Army	GEN Darryl A. Williams	Clay Kaserne, Wiesbaden, Germany
United States Army North (ARNORTH)/Fifth Army	MG Scott M. Sherman (acting)	Joint Base San Antonio, Texas
United States Army Pacific (USARPAC)	GEN Charles A. Flynn	Fort Shafter, Hawaii
United States Army South (ARSOUTH)/Sixth Army	MG Phillip J. Ryan	Joint Base San Antonio, Texas
Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC)	MG Lance G. Curtis	Scott AFB, Illinois
United States Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER)	LTG Maria B. Barrett	Fort Eisenhower, Georgia
United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command/United States Army Forces Strategic Command (USASMDC/ARSTRAT)	LTG Sean Gainey	Redstone Arsenal, Alabama
United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC)	LTG Jonathan P. Braga	Fort Liberty, North Carolina
Operational Force Headquarters	Current commander	Location of headquarters
Eighth Army (EUSA)	LTG Willard M. Burleson III	Camp Humphreys, South Korea
Direct reporting units	Current commander	Location of headquarters
Arlington National Cemetery and Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery	Katharine Kelley (civilian)	Arlington County, Virginia
Civilian Protection Center of Excellence	Michael McNerney	Arlington County, Virginia
United States Army Joint Counter-Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Office		Arlington County, Virginia
Military Postal Service Agency		Arlington County, Virginia
United States Army Acquisition Support Center (USAASC)	Craig A. Spisak (civilian)	Fort Belvoir, Virginia
United States Army Civilian Human Resources Agency (CHRA)	Carol Burton (civilian)	Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)	LTG Scott A. Spellmon	Washington, D.C.
United States Army Corrections Command (ACC)	BG Sarah K. Albrycht	Arlington County, Virginia
United States Army Criminal Investigation Division (USACID)	Gregory D. Ford	Quantico, Virginia
United States Army Human Resources Command (HRC)	MG Hope C. Rampy	Fort Knox, Kentucky
United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM)	MG Timothy D. Brown	Fort Belvoir, Virginia
United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM)	LTG Mary K. Izaguirre	Joint Base San Antonio, Texas
United States Army Military District of Washington (MDW)	MG Trevor J. Bredenkamp	Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.
United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC)	MG Patrick L. Gaydon	Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
United States Army War College (AWC)	MG David C. Hill	Carlisle, Pennsylvania
United States Military Academy (USMA)	LTG Steven W. Gilland	West Point, New York
Source: U.S. Army organization

Structure

Main article: Structure of the United States Army

See also: Transformation of the United States Army

See also: Reorganization plan of the United States Army

U.S. Army soldiers of the 1st Battalion, 175th Infantry Regiment, Maryland Army National Guard conducting an urban cordon and search exercise as part of the army readiness and training evaluation program in the mock city of Balad at Fort Dix, New Jersey

U.S. soldiers from the 6th Infantry Regiment taking up positions on a street corner during a foot patrol in Ramadi, Iraq

The 1st Cavalry Division's combat aviation brigade performing a mock charge with the horse detachment

U.S. Army Special Forces soldiers from the 3rd Special Forces Group patrolling a field in the Gulistan district of Farah, Afghanistan

See Structure of the United States Army for a detailed treatment of the history, components, administrative and operational structure and the branches and functional areas of the Army.

The U.S. Army is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. Both reserve components are primarily composed of part-time soldiers who train once a month – known as battle assemblies or unit training assemblies (UTAs) – and conduct two to three weeks of annual training each year. Both the Regular Army and the Army Reserve are organized under Title 10 of the United States Code, while the National Guard is organized under Title 32. While the Army National Guard is organized, trained and equipped as a component of the U.S. Army, when it is not in federal service it is under the command of individual state and territorial governors. However, the District of Columbia National Guard reports to the U.S. president, not the district's mayor, even when not federalized. Any or all of the National Guard can be federalized by presidential order and against the governor's wishes.

The U.S. Army is led by a civilian secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the secretary of defense. The chief of staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the president of the United States, the secretary of defense and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the chairman and vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the president to the secretary of defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility, thus the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the secretary of defense.

By 2013, the army shifted to six geographical commands that align with the six geographical unified combatant commands (CCMD):

• United States Army Central headquartered at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina
• United States Army North headquartered at Fort Sam Houston, Texas
• United States Army South headquartered at Fort Sam Houston, Texas
• United States Army Europe and Africa headquartered at Clay Kaserne, Wiesbaden, Germany
• United States Army Pacific headquartered at Fort Shafter, Hawaii

The army also transformed its base unit from divisions to brigades. Division lineage will be retained, but the divisional headquarters will be able to command any brigade, not just brigades that carry their divisional lineage. The central part of this plan is that each brigade will be modular, i.e., all brigades of the same type will be exactly the same and thus any brigade can be commanded by any division. As specified before the 2013 end-strength re-definitions, the three major types of brigade combat teams are:

• Armored brigades, with a strength of 4,743 troops as of 2014.
• Stryker brigades, with a strength of 4,500 troops as of 2014.
• Infantry brigades, with a strength of 4,413 troops as of 2014.

In addition, there are combat support and service support modular brigades. Combat support brigades include aviation (CAB) brigades, which will come in heavy and light varieties, fires (artillery) brigades (now transforms to division artillery) and expeditionary military intelligence brigades. Combat service support brigades include sustainment brigades and come in several varieties and serve the standard support role in an army.

Combat maneuver organizations

To track the effects of the 2018 budget cuts, see Transformation of the United States Army#Divisions and brigades

The U.S. Army's conventional combat capability currently consists of 11 active divisions and 1 deployable division headquarters (7th Infantry Division) as well as several independent maneuver units.

From 2013 through 2017, the Army sustained organizational and end-strength reductions after several years of growth. In June 2013, the Army announced plans to downsize to 32 active brigade combat teams by 2015 to match a reduction in active-duty strength to 490,000 soldiers. Army chief of staff Raymond Odierno projected that the Army was to shrink to "450,000 in the active component, 335,000 in the National Guard and 195,000 in U.S. Army Reserve" by 2018. However, this plan was scrapped by the incoming Trump administration, with subsequent plans to expand the Army by 16,000 soldiers to a total of 476,000 by October 2017. The National Guard and the Army Reserve will see a smaller expansion.

The Army's maneuver organization was most recently altered by the reorganization of United States Army Alaska into the 11th Airborne Division, transferring the 1st and 4th Brigade Combat Teams of the 25th Infantry Division under a separate operational headquarters to reflect the brigades' distinct, Arctic-oriented mission. As part of the reorganization, the 1–11 (formerly 1–25) Stryker Brigade Combat Team will reorganize as an Infantry Brigade Combat Team. Following this transition, the active component BCTs will number 11 Armored brigades, 6 Stryker brigades, and 14 Infantry brigades.

Within the Army National Guard and United States Army Reserve, there are a further eight divisions, 27 brigade combat teams, additional combat support and combat service support brigades, and independent cavalry, infantry, artillery, aviation, engineer and support battalions. The Army Reserve in particular provides virtually all psychological operations and civil affairs units.

United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM)

Direct reporting units	Current commander	Location of headquarters
I Corps	LTG Xavier Brunson	Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
III Armored Corps	LTG Kevin Admiral	Fort Cavazos, Texas
V Corps	LTG Charles Costanza	Fort Knox, Kentucky
XVIII Airborne Corps	LTG Christopher T. Donahue	Fort Liberty, North Carolina
First Army	LTG Mark H. Landes	Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois
U.S. Army Reserve Command	LTG Robert Harter	Fort Liberty, North Carolina
Security Force Assistance Command	BG Kevin J. Lambert	Fort Liberty, North Carolina
20th CBRNE Command	BG W M Bochat	Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command	MG Richard A. Harrison	Fort Bliss, Texas
U.S. Army Air Traffic Services Command	COL Jason T. Cook	Fort Novosel, Alabama

Active combat maneuver units
Name	Headquarters	Subunits	Subordinate to
1st Armored Division	Fort Bliss, Texas	3 armored BCTs (ABCTs), 1 Division Artillery (DIVARTY), 1 Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB), and 1 sustainment brigade	III Corps
1st Cavalry Division	Fort Cavazos, Texas	3 armored BCTs, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	III Corps
1st Infantry Division	Fort Riley, Kansas	2 armored BCTs, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	III Corps
2nd Infantry Division	Camp Humphreys, South Korea Joint Base Lewis–McChord, Washington	2 Stryker BCTs, 1 mechanized brigade from the ROK Army, 1 DIVARTY (under administrative control of 7th ID), 1 sustainment brigade, and a stateside Stryker BCT from another active division that is rotated in on a regular basis.	I Corps (CONUS) Eighth Army (OCONUS)
2nd Cavalry Regiment	Rose Barracks, Vilseck, Germany	4 Stryker squadrons, 1 engineer squadron, 1 fires squadron, and 1 support squadron	U.S. Army Europe and Africa
3rd Infantry Division	Fort Stewart, Georgia	2 armored BCT, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade as well as the 48th Infantry BCT of the Georgia Army National Guard	XVIII Airborne Corps
3rd Cavalry Regiment	Fort Cavazos, Texas	4 Stryker squadrons, 1 fires squadron, 1 engineer squadron, and 1 support squadron (overseen by the 1st Cavalry Division)	III Corps
4th Infantry Division	Fort Carson, Colorado	2 Stryker BCT, 1 armored BCT, DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	III Corps
10th Mountain Division	Fort Drum, New York	3 infantry BCTs, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	XVIII Airborne Corps
11th Airborne Division	Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson, Alaska	1 airborne infantry BCT, 1 infantry BCT, 2 attached aviation battalions, and 1 sustainment battalion	I Corps
25th Infantry Division	Schofield Barracks, Hawaii	2 infantry BCTs, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	I Corps
82nd Airborne Division	Fort Liberty, North Carolina	3 airborne infantry BCTs, 1 airborne DIVARTY, 1 airborne CAB, and 1 airborne sustainment brigade	XVIII Airborne Corps
101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)	Fort Campbell, Kentucky	3 infantry BCTs, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	XVIII Airborne Corps
173rd Airborne Brigade	Camp Ederle, Vicenza, Italy	3 airborne infantry battalions (including 1st Battalion, 143rd Infantry Regiment of the Texas and Rhode Island Army National Guard), 1 airborne field artillery battalion, 1 airborne cavalry squadron, 1 airborne engineer battalion, and 1 airborne support battalion	U.S. Army Europe and Africa

Combat maneuver units under the Army National Guard until federalized
Name	Locations	Subunits
28th Infantry Division	Pennsylvania, Ohio and Maryland	2nd Infantry BCT, 56th Stryker BCT, 28th CAB, 55th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade (MEB), and the 28th Infantry Division Sustainment Brigade (SB)
29th Infantry Division	Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina and Florida	30th Armored BCT, 53rd Infantry BCT, 116th Infantry BCT, 29th CAB, 142nd Field Artillery Regiment, 29th Infantry Division SB, and the 226th MEB
34th Infantry Division	Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Idaho	1st Armored BCT, 2nd Infantry BCT, 32nd Infantry BCT, 116th Cavalry BCT, 115th Field Artillery Brigade, 34th CAB, 34th Infantry Division SB, and the 157th MEB
35th Infantry Division	Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Oklahoma, Georgia, Arkansas, and Nebraska	33rd Infantry BCT, 39th Infantry BCT, 45th Infantry BCT, 130th Field Artillery Brigade, 35th CAB, and the 67th MEB
36th Infantry Division	Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi	56th Infantry BCT, 72nd Infantry BCT, 256th Infantry BCT, 155th Armored BCT, 278th Armored Cavalry Regiment, 36th CAB, 36th Infantry Division SB, and the 136th MEB
38th Infantry Division	Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Tennessee	37th Infantry BCT, 76th Infantry BCT, 138th Field Artillery Brigade, 38th CAB, 38th Infantry Division SB, and the 149th MEB
40th Infantry Division	Arizona, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington	29th Infantry BCT, 41st Infantry BCT, 79th Infantry BCT, 81st Stryker BCT, 40th CAB, and the 40th Infantry Division SB
42nd Infantry Division	Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont	27th Infantry BCT, 44th Infantry BCT, 86th Infantry BCT (Mountain), 197th Field Artillery Brigade, 42nd CAB, 42nd Infantry Division SB, and the 26th MEB

For a description of U.S. Army tactical organizational structure, see: a U.S. context and also a global context.

Special operations forces

Main article: Army Special Operations Command

United States Army Special Operations Command (Airborne) (USASOC):

Name	Headquarters	Structure and purpose
1st Special Forces Command	Fort Liberty (formerly Bragg), North Carolina	Manages seven special forces groups designed to deploy and execute nine doctrinal missions: unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, direct action, counter-insurgency, special reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, information operations, counterproliferation of weapon of mass destruction, and security force assistance. The command also manages two psychological operations groups—tasked to work with foreign nations to induce or reinforce behavior favorable to U.S. objectives—a civil affairs brigade—that enables military commanders and U.S. ambassadors to improve relationships with various stakeholders via five battalions—and a sustainment brigade—that provides combat service support and combat health support units via three distinct battalions.
Army Special Operations Aviation Command	Fort Liberty, North Carolina	Commands, organizes, mans, trains, resources, and equips Army special operations aviation units to provide responsive, special operations aviation support to special operations forces consisting of five units, including the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne).
75th Ranger Regiment	Fort Moore (formerly Benning), Georgia	In addition to a regimental headquarters, a special troops battalion, and a military intelligence battalion, the 75th Ranger Regiment has three maneuver battalions of elite airborne infantry specializing in large-scale, joint forcible entry operations and precision targeting raids. Additional capabilities include special reconnaissance, air assault, and direct action raids seizing key terrain such as airfields, destroying or securing strategic facilities, and capturing or killing enemies of the Nation. The Regiment also helps develop the equipment, technologies, training, and readiness that bridge the gap between special operations and traditional combat maneuver organizations.
John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School	Fort Liberty, North Carolina	Selects and trains special forces, civil affairs, and psychological operations soldiers consisting of two groups and other various training units and offices.
1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta	Fort Liberty, North Carolina	Commonly referred to as Delta Force, Combat Applications Group (CAG), "The Unit", Army Compartmented Element (ACE), or Task Force Green, SFOD–D is the U.S. Army's Tier 1 Special Mission Unit tasked with performing the most complex, classified, and dangerous missions directed by the National Command Authority. Under the control of Joint Special Operations Command, SFOD–D specializes in hostage rescue, counter-terrorism, direct action, and special reconnaissance against high-value targets via eight squadrons: four assault, one aviation, one clandestine, one combat support, and one nuclear disposal.

Medical Department

Main article: Army Medical Department (United States)

The United States Army Medical Department (AMEDD), formerly the Army Medical Service (AMS), is the primary healthcare organization of the United States Army and is led by the Surgeon General of the United States Army (TSG), a three-star lieutenant general, who (by policy) also serves as the Commanding General, United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM). TSG is assisted by a Deputy Surgeon General and a full staff, the Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG). The incumbent Surgeon General is Lieutenant General Mary K. Izaguirre (since January 25, 2024).

AMEDD encompasses the Army's six non-combat, medical-focused specialty branches (or "Corps"), these branches are: the Medical Corps, Nurse Corps, Dental Corps, Veterinary Corps, Medical Specialist Corps. Each of these branches is headed by a Corps Chief that reports directly to the Surgeon General.

Personnel

See also: List of ranks used by the United States Army

The Army's Talent Management Task Force (TMTF) has deployed IPPS-A, the Integrated Personnel and Pay System - Army, an app which serves the National Guard, and on 17 January 2023 the Army Reserve and Active Army. Soldiers were reminded to update their information using the legacy systems to keep their payroll and personnel information current by December 2021. IPPS-A is the Human Resources system for the Army, is now available for download for Android, or the Apple store. It will be used for future promotions and other personnel decisions. Among the changes are:

• BCAP, the Battalion Commander Assessment Program. In January 2020, over 800 majors and lieutenant colonels from all over the Army converged on Fort Knox to take part in a five-day program to select the next battalion commanders for the Army (beginning in FY2021). This process replaces the former selection process which was based solely on rank and individual reviews of past performance. From now on, more consideration will be given to an individual officer's personal preference, as part of 25 other selection criteria. "Promotion boards will now be able to see almost all substantiated adverse information". The promotion boards will be able to see anything in an officer's human resource record. Officers are encouraged to become familiar with their human resource record, and to file rebuttals to adverse information.
• Depending on the success of this initiative, other assessment programs could be instituted as well, for promotion to sergeants major, and for assessment of colonels for command.

Below are the U.S. Army ranks authorized for use today and their equivalent NATO designations. Although no living officer currently holds the rank of General of the Army, it is still authorized by Congress for use in wartime.

Officers

Main article: United States Army officer rank insignia

There are several paths to becoming a commissioned officer including the United States Military Academy, Reserve Officers' Training Corps, Officer Candidate School, and direct commissioning. Regardless of which road an officer takes, the insignia are the same. Certain professions including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, lawyers and chaplains are commissioned directly into the Army.

Most army commissioned officers (those who are generalists) are promoted based on an "up or out" system. A more flexible talent management process is underway. The Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 establishes rules for the timing of promotions and limits the number of officers that can serve at any given time.

Army regulations call for addressing all personnel with the rank of general as "General (last name)" regardless of the number of stars. Likewise, both colonels and lieutenant colonels are addressed as "Colonel (last name)" and first and second lieutenants as "Lieutenant (last name)".

US DoD pay grade	Special grade	O-10	O-9	O-8	O-7	O-6	O-5	O-4	O-3	O-2	O-1
NATO code	OF-10	OF-9	OF-8	OF-7	OF-6	OF-5	OF-4	OF-3	OF-2	OF-1
Insignia
Army Green Service Uniform
Army Blue Service Uniform
Army Combat Uniform
Title	General of the Army	General	Lieutenant general	Major general	Brigadier general	Colonel	Lieutenant colonel	Major	Captain	First lieutenant	Second lieutenant
Abbreviation	GA	GEN	LTG	MG	BG	COL	LTC	MAJ	CPT	1LT	2LT

Warrant officers

Main article: Warrant officer (United States)

Warrant officers are single track, specialty officers with subject matter expertise in a particular area. They are initially appointed as warrant officers (in the rank of WO1) by the secretary of the Army, but receive their commission upon promotion to chief warrant officer two (CW2).

By regulation, warrant officers are addressed as "Mr. (last name)" or "Ms. (last name)" by senior officers and as "sir" or "ma'am" by all enlisted personnel. However, many personnel address warrant officers as "Chief (last name)" within their units regardless of rank.

US DoD pay grade	W-5	W-4	W-3	W-2	W-1
NATO code	WO-5	WO-4	WO-3	WO-2	WO-1
Insignia
Army Green Service Uniform
Title	Chief warrant officer 5	Chief warrant officer 4	Chief warrant officer 3	Chief warrant officer 2	Warrant officer 1
Abbreviation	CW5	CW4	CW3	CW2	WO1

Enlisted personnel

Main article: United States Army enlisted rank insignia

See also: Enlisted rank

Sergeants and corporals are referred to as NCOs, short for non-commissioned officers. This distinguishes corporals from the more numerous specialists who have the same pay grade but do not exercise leadership responsibilities. Beginning in 2021, all corporals will be required to conduct structured self-development for the NCO ranks, completing the basic leader course (BLC), or else be laterally assigned as specialists. Specialists who have completed BLC and who have been recommended for promotion will be permitted to wear corporal rank before their recommended promotion as NCOs.

Privates and privates first class (E3) are addressed as "Private (last name)", specialists as "Specialist (last name)", corporals as "Corporal (last name)" and sergeants, staff sergeants, sergeants first class and master sergeants all as "Sergeant (last name)". First sergeants are addressed as "First Sergeant (last name)" and sergeants major and command sergeants major are addressed as "Sergeant Major (last name)".

US DoD pay grade	Special		E-9		E-8		E-7	E-6	E-5	E-4		E-3	E-2	E-1
NATO code	OR-9				OR-8		OR-7	OR-6	OR-5	OR-4		OR-3	OR-2	OR-1
Uniform insignia														No insignia
Title	Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman	Sergeant Major of the Army	Command sergeant major	Sergeant major	First sergeant	Master sergeant	Sergeant first class	Staff sergeant	Sergeant	Corporal	Specialist	Private first class	Private	Private
Abbreviation	SEAC	SMA	CSM	SGM	1SG	MSG	SFC	SSG	SGT	CPL	SPC	PFC	PV2	PV1

Training

Рейнджерс армии США, практикующие быстрого веревки методы от MH-47 во время упражнения в Fort Liberty

Обучение в армии США, как правило, разделено на две категории - индивидуальные и коллективные. Из-за мер предосторожности COVID-19 первые две недели базового обучения , не включая обработку и обработку, включают в себя социальные дистанции и ориентированные на столы. Как только новобранцы протестировали отрицательный для Covid-19 в течение двух недель, оставшиеся 8 недель следуют за традиционными мероприятиями для большинства новобранцев, с последующим передовым индивидуальным обучением (AIT), где они получают обучение по своей военной профессиональной специальности (MOS) . Количество индивидуальных моховых средств от 14 до 20 недель обучения единиц одной станции (OSUT), которое сочетает в себе базовые тренировки и AIT. Длина школы AIT варьируется в зависимости от MOS. Продолжительность времени, проведенного в AIT, зависит от MOS солдата. Определенная высокотехнологическая обучение MOS требует много месяцев (например, переводчиков иностранного языка). В зависимости от потребностей армии, базовая боевая подготовка для солдат боевых вооружений проводится в ряде мест, но двумя самыми длинными-это школа броней и пехота , оба в Форт-Мур , штат Джорджия. Сержант -майор армии Дейли отмечает, что пилотная программа пехотинцев для одного подразделения станции (OSUT) простирается на 8 недель до базового обучения и AIT, до 22 недель. Пилот, разработанный для повышения готовности пехоты, закончился в декабре 2018 года. Новая пехотная Osut охватила пулемет M240, а также автоматическое оружие отряда M249 . Перепроектированная пехота OSUT началась в 2019 году. В зависимости от результата пилота 2018 года, OSUTS также может продлить тренировку в других боевых руках за пределами пехоты. Обучение одному станции будет продлено до 22 недель для брони к 2021 финансовому году. Дополнительные OSUT расширяются до кавалерии, инженера и военной полиции (MP) в последующие финансовые годы.

Было учреждено новое обучение для младших офицеров, что они служат лидерами взводов для взводов базового боевого обучения (BCT). Эти лейтенанты будут принимать во внимание многие административные, материально-технические и повседневные задачи, ранее выполняемые сержантами из этих взводов и, как ожидается, будут «вести, обучать и помогать в сохранении и улучшении морального состояния, благополучия и готовности» Сержанты сверла и их взводы BCT. Ожидается, что эти лейтенанты останут любые неподходящие поведения, которые они свидетельствуют в своих взводах, чтобы освободить сержантов для тренировок для обучения.

Тренер с компанией A, 1 -й батальон 502 -й пехотный полк, забастовка оперативной группы, 101 -й воздушный дивизион, помогающий студентам рейнджеров иракской армии во время тренировки по очистке комнаты в лагере Таджи, Ирак, 18 июля 2016 г.

( ACFT Испытание на фитнес -тестирование армии США ) было представлено в 2018 году по всей армии. Система тестирования и оценки одинакова для всех солдат, независимо от пола. Для завершения требуется час, включая периоды отдыха. ACFT заменяет тест на физическую подготовку армии (APFT), как более актуально для выживания в бою. Было определено шесть событий, чтобы лучше предсказать, какие мышечные группы тела были адекватно обусловлены для боевых действий: Три тяги, постоянная мощность шар из десятифунтов с помощью мяча медицины, отжимания ручной релизы (который заменяет традиционный отжимание), спринт/перетаскивание/ношение 250 ярдов, Три подтягивания с подтяжкой ног (или испытанием на досок вместо ног), Обязательный период отдыха и двухмильный пробег. По состоянию на 1 октября 2020 года все солдаты из всех трех компонентов (обычная армия, резерв и национальная гвардия) подвергаются этому тесту. В настоящее время ACFT проверяет всех солдат на базовом обучении по состоянию на октябрь 2020 года. ACFT стал официальным испытанием записи 1 октября 2020 года; До этого дня каждая армейская подразделение должно было завершить диагностический ACFT (Все солдаты с достоверными оценками APFT могут использовать их до марта 2022 года. Система целостного здоровья и фитнеса (H2F) - это один из способов подготовить солдаты.). Движения ACFT непосредственно переводят движения на поле битвы. После их основного и продвинутого обучения на индивидуальном уровне солдаты могут продолжить обучение и подать заявку на «дополнительное идентификатор навыков» (ASI). ASI позволяет армии взять широкомасштабную MOS и сосредоточить ее на более конкретных MOS. Например, боевой медик, чьи обязанности состоит в том, чтобы обеспечить до госпитального неотложного лечения, может пройти обучение ASI, чтобы стать специалистом по сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям, специалиста по диализе или даже лицензированной практической медсестры. Для должностных лиц, обучение, обучение включает в себя обучение предварительной заработной платы, известный как курс лидера базового сотрудника A, либо в USMA , либо через ROTC , либо путем завершения OCS . После ввода в эксплуатацию офицеры проходят обучение для конкретного филиала в Курсе B-лидеров Basic Officer B (ранее называемый офицерский базовый курс), который варьируется во времени и местоположении в соответствии с их будущими заданиями. Сотрудники будут продолжать посещать стандартизированные подготовки на разных этапах своей карьеры.

Солдаты армии США, знакомившись с последними INSAS 1B1 во время упражнений Yudh Abhyas 2015

Коллективное обучение на уровне подразделения проходит на назначенной станции подразделения, но самая интенсивная подготовка к более высоким эшелонам проводится в трех центрах боевых тренировок (CTC); Национальный учебный центр (NTC) в Форт -Ирвине , штат Калифорния, в Объединенном учебном центре готовности (JRTC) в Форт Джонсон , Луизиана и Объединенном многонациональном учебном центре (JMRC) в районе обучения Хоэнфельса в Хоэнфельсе и Графенуре ,, Германия. Задний МММ является процессом генерации армии, одобренного в 2020 году для удовлетворения необходимости постоянного пополнения сил для развертывания, на уровне единицы и для других эшелонов, как того требует миссия. Пополнение индивидуального уровня по-прежнему требует обучения на уровне единицы, который проводится в замене Continental US (CONUS) (CRC) в Форт Блисс , в Нью-Мексико и Техасе до их индивидуального развертывания.

Начальник штаба Милли отмечает, что армия неоптимизирована для обучения в регионах холодной погоды, джунгли, горах или городских районах, где, в отличие от этого, армия преуспевает при тренировках по пустыням или прокатрованию. Пост 9/11, обучение на уровне армейского подразделения было предназначено для борьбы с повстанцами (монета); К 2014–2017 годам обучение перешло к решающему обучению.

Оборудование

Основная статья: Список оборудования армии Соединенных Штатов

Начальник штаба армии определил шесть приоритетов модернизации, они (по порядку): артиллерия, наземные транспортные средства, самолеты, сеть, воздушная/ракетная оборона и летальность солдата.

Оружие

терминала Мартина высокой высоты (THAAD) System Defense (THAAD) Система

Отдельное оружие

Армия Соединенных Штатов использует различное оружие для обеспечения легкой огневой мощи на коротких диапазонах. Наиболее распространенным типом оружия, используемом армией, является карабин M4 , компактный вариант винтовки M16 , наряду с вариантом 7,62 × 51 мм от шрама FN для армейских рейнджеров . Тогда будущее оружие - M7, который запускает 6,8 мм раунд. Основное место в армии США - 9 -мм пистолет M9 ; Пистолет M11 также используется. Оба пистолета должны быть заменены на M17 через модульную систему пистолета . Солдаты также оснащены различными ручными гранатами , такими как граната фрагментации M67 и дымовая граната M18 .

Многие подразделения дополнены различными специализированными оружием, в том числе SAW M249 (автоматическое оружие команды), чтобы обеспечить подавляющий огонь на уровне команды. Косвенное пожар обеспечивается гранаточной установкой M320 . или Совместный боевой дробовик M1014 дробовик Mossberg 590 используются для взлома дверей и боя с близкими четвертями. M14EBR . используется назначенными стрелками Снайперы используют снайперскую винтовку M107 , снайперскую винтовку M2010 и полуавтоматическая снайперская винтовка M110 .

Оружие с экипажем

Армия использует различное оружие, обслуживаемое экипажем, для обеспечения сильной огневой мощи на диапазонах, превышающих индивидуальное оружие.

M240 - стандартный средний пулемет армии США. обычно Тяжелый пулемет M2 используется в качестве пулемета, установленного на автомобиле. Точно так же, 40 мм MK 19 Grenade Machine Grunate в основном используется моторизованными единицами.

Армия США использует три типа раствора для косвенной пожарной поддержки, когда более тяжелая артиллерия может быть не подходящей или доступной. Самым маленьким из них является 60 мм M224 , обычно назначенный на уровне пехотной компании. В следующем высшем эшелоне пехотные батальоны обычно поддерживаются секцией 81 мм растворов M252 . Самым большим раствором в запасах армии является 120 мм M120/M121 , обычно используемый механизированными единицами.

Пожарная поддержка легких пехотных единиц обеспечивается буксируемыми гаубицами, включая 105 мм M119A1 и 155 мм М777 .

Армия США использует различные ракеты и ракеты с прямым огнем, чтобы обеспечить пехоту антиадортской способностью. AT4 - это необоснованный снаряд, который может уничтожить броню и бункеры на диапазонах до 500 метров. Стингер FIM-92 -это зенитная ракета, ищущая зенитную ракету. Джавелин FGM -148 и буксир BGM-71 -противотанковые ракеты.

Транспортные средства

Солдат США в патрулировании в Ираке при поддержке Humvee автомобиля

Доктрина армии США ставит премию о механизированной войне. Это заставляет самое высокое соотношение транспортного средства к продаже в мире по состоянию на 2009 год. Наиболее распространенным транспортным средством армии является многоцелевое колесо с высокой мобильностью (HMMWV), обычно называемая Humvee , который способен служить в качестве грузового/военнослужащего, вооруженной платформы и скорой помощи, среди многих других ролей. В то время как они управляют широким разнообразием транспортных средств для боевых поддержки, один из наиболее распространенных типов центры на семействе транспортных средств Hemtt . M1A2 Abrams армии - главный боевой танк , в то время как M2A3 Bradley является стандартным боевым автомобилем пехоты . Другие транспортные средства включают Stryker , Бронированный оператор M113 и несколько типов защищенных засадных засадных автомобилей (MRAP).

3 -й пехотный дивизион, солдаты, управляющие абрамсом M1A1 в Ираке

армии США Главным артиллерийским оружием M109A7 Паладин является самоходчик-гаубиц и M270 Multy Launch Rocket System (MLRS), Оба установлены на отслеживаемых платформах и назначены тяжелыми механизированными единицами.

Авиация

В то время как Авиационный филиал армии Соединенных Штатов управляет несколькими самолетами с фиксированным крылом , в основном он управляет несколькими типами вращающихся самолетов. К ним относятся AH-64 Apache вертолет атаки , Утилита UH-60 Black Hawk тактический транспортный вертолет и CH-47 Чинук Транспортный вертолет. Планы реструктуризации требуют сокращения 750 самолетов и с семи до четырех типов. Армия оценивает двух демонстрантов самолета с фиксированным крылом; Ares и Artemis находятся под оценкой, чтобы заменить самолеты Guardrail ISR (разведка, наблюдение и разведка). В соответствии с соглашением Джонсона-Макконнелла 1966 года армия согласилась ограничить свою авиационную роль с фиксированным крылом административной поддержкой миссии (легкий самолет, который не может работать с форвардных позиций). Для беспилотных летательных аппаратов армия развертывает по крайней мере одну компанию беспилотников MQ-1C Grey Eagles для каждого дивизиона активной армии.

Униформа

Основная статья: униформа армии Соединенных Штатов

Армейская боевая форма (ACU) в настоящее время имеет камуфляжную схему, известную как оперативный камуфляж (OCP); OCP заменил рисунок на основе пикселей, известный как универсальный камуфляжный шаблон (UCP) в 2019 году.

11 ноября 2018 года армия объявила о новой версии «Зеленых армии», основанной на униформе, которую носили во время Второй мировой войны, которая станет стандартной униформой службы гарнизона. Форма службы голубой армии останется как платье униформы. Предполагается, что армейские зеленые будут впервые выставлены летом 2020 года.

• 
  Армейская зеленая форма 2020 года
• 
  Элемент 18 -го пехотного полка , носящего ASUS, представляющий Соединенные Штаты на параде Дня победы в Москве 2010 года

Береты

Взвод Ranger Honor, марширующий в их загар Берец и бывшую форму службы

Вспышка берета военнослужащего отображает их отличительные подразделения (показан выше). Черный берет армии США больше не носит с ACU для обязанности гарнизона, будучи навсегда замененным патрульной кепкой. После многих лет жалоб на то, что это не подходило для большинства условий работы, начальник штаба армии Мартин Демпси уничтожил его для износа с ACU в июне 2011 года. Солдаты, которые в настоящее время находятся в подразделении в статусе прыжков, все еще носят береты, будь то владелец с парашютом квалифицируется или нет (бордовый берет), в то время как члены бригад помощи Силами безопасности (SFABS) носят коричневые береты. Члены 75-го полка рейнджера и подростка в воздухе и бригаде обучения Ranger (Tan Beret) и спецназа (зеленый берет винтовки) могут носить его с униформой службы армейского обслуживания для неэремонных функций. Командиры подразделения могут по -прежнему направлять износ патрульных шапок в этих подразделениях в тренировочных условиях или моторных бассейнах.

Палатки

Армия в значительной степени опиралась на палатки , чтобы обеспечить различные объекты, необходимые при развертывании (экспедиционный поставщик силы (FPE)). Наиболее распространенным использованием палатки для военных являются как временные казармы (спальные помещения), здания DFAC (столовые), Впередные операционные базы (FOBS), обзор после действия (AAR), Центр тактических операций (TOC), моральный дух, социальные и отдых (MWR), а также контрольно-пропускные пункты безопасности. Кроме того, большинство из этих палаток создаются и эксплуатируются через поддержку Soldier Systems Center . Каждый FPE содержит заготовку, уборные, душевые, прачечные и кухонные помещения для 50–150 солдат, и хранится в армии, предназначенных для акций 1, 2, 4 и 5 . Это подготовка позволяет командирам боевых действий позиционировать солдат по мере необходимости в области ответственности , в течение 24-48 часов.

Армия США начинает использовать более современную палатку под названием развертываемое укрытие быстрого собрания (Drash). В 2008 году Drash стал частью стандартной интегрированной системы командных постов армии.

Смотрите также

• Американская армия (видеоигры для набора)
• Армейские и военно -морские марки 1936–1937 гг.
• История армии Соединенных Штатов
• Список военного оружия Соединенных Штатов
• Учебный корпус офицеров юниоров
• Список активных военных самолетов США
• Список сравнительных военных рангов
• Список бывших медицинских подразделений армии Соединенных Штатов
• Список войн с участием Соединенных Штатов
• План реорганизации армии Соединенных Штатов
• Солдатское вероисповедание
• Временная шкала военных операций США
• Армейская армия
• Полковая система армии США
• Основное обучение армии США
• Постоянная полиция Соединенных Штатов (Гендармерия Соединенных Штатов)
• Социальная история солдат и ветеранов в Соединенных Штатах

Ссылки

• Эта статья включает в себя материал общественного достояния из Армейские дни рождения . Центр военной истории Армии Соединенных Штатов .

Дальнейшее чтение

Для более полного списка см. Библиографию военной истории США .

• Бейли, Бет. Американская армия: создание добровольных сил (2009) ISBN   0674035364
• Bluhm, Raymond K. Jr.; Андраде, Дейл; Джейкобс, Брюс; Лэнгелье, Джон; Ньюэлл, Клейтон Р.; Seelinger, Matthew (2004). Армия США: полная история (Beaux Arts ed.). Округ Арлингтон, штат Вирджиния: Армейский исторический фонд. п. 744. ISBN  978-0-88363-640-4 .
• Чемберс, Джон Уайтклей, изд. Оксфордский гид по американской военной истории (1999), онлайн во многих библиотеках
• Кларк, JP, готовясь к войне: появление современной армии США, 1815–1917 (Harvard Up, 2017), 336 стр.
• Коффман, Эдвард М. Война, чтобы положить конец всем войнам: американский военный опыт в мировой войне (1998), стандартная история
• Кретчик, Уолтер Э. Армейская доктрина: от американской революции до войны с террором (Университетская пресса Канзаса; 2011) 392 страницы; Изучите военную доктрину в четырех разных эпох: 1779–1904, 1905–1944, 1944–1962 и 1962 год по настоящее время.
• Quimby, Robert S. (2012). Армия США в войне 1812 года: оперативное и командование . Восточный Лансинг: издательство Мичиганского государственного университета. ISBN  978-0-87-013947-5 - через Project Muse .
• Вудворд, Дэвид Р. Американская армия и Первая мировая война (издательство Кембриджского университета, 2014). 484 стр. Онлайн -обзор

• «Цитаты Desert Storm/Shield Dalorous Unit Award (VUA)» . Центр военной истории США. Архивировано из оригинала 13 декабря 2014 года . Получено 26 декабря 2014 года .

Внешние ссылки

• Официальный сайт
• Army.mil/photos - армия Соединенных Штатов показывают фотографии
• Коллекция армии США ( архивировано 2 июля 2013 года на The Wayback Machine ) - Музей истории Миссури
• Поиск СПИДа для исследования армии США . Архивировано 9 ноября 2010 года на машине Wayback (составлено Центром военной истории армии Соединенных Штатов ).
• US-Militaria.com -армия США во время Второй мировой войны (архивировано 26 декабря 2012 г.)