Райан Навон
| Навион | |
|---|---|
 1950 Ryan Navion B | |
| Общая информация | |
| Тип | Светлый самолет с фиксированным крылом |
| Производитель | Североамериканская авиация Райан Аэронаутичный Tusco Corp. |
| Статус | Активный |
| Основные пользователи | ВВС США |
| Номер построен | 2,634 [ 1 ] |
| История | |
| Дата введения | 1948 |
| Варианты | Camair Twin Navion Temco D-16 |
Navion Ryan (первоначально Северная Америка ) представляет собой одномоторное, не выдвинутое, выдвижное снаряжение, четырехместные самолеты , первоначально разработанные и построенные в Североамериканской авиации в 1940-х годах. Позже он был построен Ryan Aeronautical Company и Tubular Steel Corporation (Tusco).
Navion был представлен как самолет, который идеально соответствовал бы ожидаемому послевоенному буму в гражданской авиации. Он был разработан вдоль общих линий и той же компании, которая производила североамериканский P-51 Mustang . [ 3 ]
Дизайн и разработка
[ редактировать ]Navion был первоначально разработан в конце Второй мировой войны Авиацией Северной Америки как NA-143 (но произведен в соответствии с назначением NA-145). [ 4 ] Североамериканский построил 1109 баллов в 1946–47 гг., Сначала продавая их по сравнению с ниже . [ 5 ] Хотя фактическая стоимость строительства составила 9 000 долларов. [ 6 ] Они включали 83 L-17AS для армии США и Национальной гвардии. [ 7 ]
Ryan Aeronautical Company приобрела дизайн летом 1947 года, запустив производство на своей в Сан -Диего в 1948 году. фабрике [ 8 ] [ 7 ] Райан построил 1240 баллов (приводится к мощности на 205 л.с. (153 кВт) континентальные двигатели O-470 или 250 л.с. (190 кВт) двигатели O-435 Lycoming O-435 , в том числе 163 самолета для вооруженных сил США, прежде чем производство закончилось в 1951 году, с Райаном желать сконцентрироваться на оборонном производстве. [ 5 ] [ 7 ] [ 9 ]
Production rights passed to the TUSCO corporation, which flew a prototype of a revised version, the Navion Rangemaster G, on June 10, 1960, and set up the Navion Aircraft Company to build it. The Rangemaster G replaced the sliding canopy of the earlier Navions with a more conventional five seat cabin with access via car-type doors. Production began in 1961, and by mid-1962 was reported to be at a rate of 20 per month,[5][10] but Navion Aircraft Company went bankrupt,[11] and the rights to the Navion were picked up by the Navion Aircraft Corporation, set up by members of the American Navion Society in mid-1965.[12]
Operational history
[edit]
While Republic offered an amphibious aircraft, the Seabee, Cessna offered the 195, and Beechcraft offered by far the most successful type Bonanza, which remains in production in 2020. All of these aircraft, including the Navion were significantly more advanced than prewar civilian aircraft and they set the stage for aircraft built from aluminum sheets riveted to aluminum formers. It was thought that wartime pilots would come home and continue flying with their families and friends under more peaceful conditions, but the postwar boom in civilian aviation did not materialize to the extent the manufacturers envisioned.[13]
The United States Army Air Force bought 83 L-17As from North American in 1946, as a liaison and staff transport aircraft, with 36 going to the Army and 47 to the National Guard. These were supplemented by 163 L-17Bs from 1948, which were ordered by the United States Air Force on behalf of the Army and National Guard, with 129 going to the Army and the rest to the National Guard.[7] During the Korean War, the US Army's Navions added casualty evacuation and forward air controller to the aircraft's liaison and light transport duties.[7][6] The Navion was phased out of front line service by 1957, with the aircraft handed over to the Civil Air Patrol or used as hacks.[7][6]
Present day
[edit]As of 2010[update], many Navions are still flying and there is an active Navion owners community. On 18 March 2003 Sierra Hotel Aero Inc of South St. Paul, Minnesota purchased the type certificate,[14] design data, molds and tooling. Company stated in January 2013, that it was two to three years away from bringing the aircraft back into production.[15] In the meantime Sierra Hotel Aero is carrying out re-manufacturing and upgrading for some owners of Navions.[16]
Variants
[edit]
- North American NA-143
- Two prototypes.[17]
- North American NA-145 Navion
- North-American-built production aircraft, 1,027 built.[17]
- North American NA-154 Navion
- Military version for the United States Army as the L-17A, 83 built.[17]
- Ryan Navion
- Ryan-built production aircraft, 600 built.[17]
- Ryan Navion A
- Improved Navion with a 205hp Continental E-185-9 engine, 602 built.[17]
- Ryan Navion B
- Modified for the higher powered 260hp Lycoming GO-435-C2 engine, also known as the Super Navion 260, 222 built.[17]
- Tusco Navion D
- Conversion by Tulsa Manufacturing Company with a 240hp Continental IO-470-P engine and tip tanks.[17]
- Tusco Navion E
- Conversion Tulsa Manufacturing Company with a 250hp Continental IO-470-C engine and tip tanks.[17]
- Tusco Navion F
- Conversion Tulsa Manufacturing Company with a 260hp Continental IO-470-H engine and tip tanks.[17]
- Navion G Rangemaster
- Redesigned aircraft by Navion Aircraft Company with 260hp Continental IO-470H engine, integral cabin and tip tanks, 121, some built as the Rangemaster G-1 with a modified fin.[17]
- Navion H Rangemaster
- Navion G with a 285hp Continental IO-520B engine, 60 built, an additional aircraft was built by the Navion Rangemaster Aircraft Company in 1974.[17]
- Ryan Model 72
- One Navion B was modified as two-seat trainer for a United States Navy competition with the Temco Model 33 Plebe.[17]
- Camair Twin Navion
- twin engine conversion Camair 480, 2 Continental O-470-B, 240 hp each. Camair 480C, 2 Continental IO-470- 260 hp each. 25+- built.
- X-16 Bi-Navion
- One twin-engined (130hp Lycomings) prototype designed and built by Dauby Equipment Company in 1952, production by Riley and later by Temco.[17]
- Temco Riley 55
- Initial version of the twin engined Navion conversion.[citation needed]
- D-16 Twin Navion
- Production version of the X-16 with two 150hp Lycoming O-320 engines and strengthened wings, 19 conversions by Riley and 46 by Temco.[17]
- Temco D-16A
- Improved D-16 conversion with two 170hp Lycoming O-340-A1A engines, nacelle tanks and 20 gallon each tip tanks, 144 gallons fuel total. 45 conversions.[17]
Military
[edit]- L-17A
- Military designation for NA-154s delivered to the United States Army, 83 built, re-designated U-18A in 1962.[17]
- QL-17A
- Six L-17As modified by TEMCO as remote-controlled drones for the United States Air Force.[17]
- L-17B
- Military designation for Ryan-built Navion As delivered to the U.S.Army, 163 built, re-designated U-18B in 1962.[17]
- L-17C
- L-17As modified by Ryan with improved brakes and increased fuel capacity, 35 modified, re-designated U-18C in 1962.[17]
- XL-17D
- Three former XL-22As for evaluation.[17]
- XL-22A
- Two Ryan-built Navion Bs for the U.S.Army, re-designated XL-17D.[17]
- U-18A
- Former L-17As re-designated in 1962.[17]
- U-18B
- Former L-17Bs re-designated in 1962.[17]
- U-18C
- Former L-17Cs re-designated in 1962.[17]
Operators
[edit]Civil
[edit]The Navion is popular with private individuals and companies.
Military
[edit]
- Uruguayan Air Force, 5 L-17B (1949 – 1975)[21]
Specifications (Super 260 Navion)
[edit]
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1951–52[8]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Capacity: 3 passengers
- Length: 27 ft 6 in (8.38 m)
- Wingspan: 33 ft 5 in (10.19 m)
- Height: 8 ft 8 in (2.64 m)
- Wing area: 184 sq ft (17.1 m2)
- Empty weight: 1,930 lb (875 kg)
- Gross weight: 2,850 lb (1,293 kg)
- Fuel capacity: 40 US gal (33 imp gal; 150 L)
- Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming GO-435-C2 air-cooled flat-six engine, 260 hp (190 kW) (take-off power)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 174 mph (280 km/h, 151 kn)
- Cruise speed: 170 mph (270 km/h, 150 kn)
- Range: 595 mi (958 km, 517 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 18,000 ft (5,500 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,250 ft/min (6.4 m/s)
- Take-off run: 400 ft (120 m)
- Landing run: 468 ft (143 m)
See also
[edit]Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Beechcraft Bonanza
- Messerschmitt Bf 108 / Nord 1000 Pingouin
- Meyers 200
- Mooney M20
- Orlican L-40 Meta Sokol
- Piaggio P.149
- Piper Comanche
Related lists
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Simpson, Rod. The General Aviation Handbook. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing. p.261
- ^ "N512SH" Archived 2015-06-26 at the Wayback Machine Navion.com Retrieved: June 25, 2015.
- ^ Cassagneres, Ev (1982). The Spirit of Ryan. Blue Ridge Summit: TAB BOOKS Inc. pp. 222–225.
- ^ Taylor, Michael, J.H., ed. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Educational Corporation, 1980. p. 929.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Garrison Flying May 1973, p. 45.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Huber Air & Space October–November 2008, p. 45.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Harding 1990, pp. 190–191.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Bridgman 1951, pp. 286c–287c.
- ^ Bridgman 1952, pp. 241–242.
- ^ Taylor 1962, p. 248.
- ^ Gilbert Flying May 1966, p. 55
- ^ Taylor 1969, p. 392.
- ^ Laert 1989, pp. 67–68.
- ^ "Aircraft specification NO. A-782 Revision 51." Federal Aviation Administration, March 2003. Retrieved: April 18, 2010.
- ^ Wilson, Benét J. "Holder of Navion type certificate targets new aircraft production." Aopa.org, November 30, 2006.
- ^ "About Us" Archived June 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine SierraHotelAero.com Retrieved: June 25, 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Simpson 1991, pp. 276-278
- ^ Bridgman 1951, p. 11a.
- ^ Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 522.
- ^ AAHS Journal, Spring 2004, p. 72.
- ^ "Memorias del Tiempo de Vuelo / Investigaciones / El Navion en el Uruguay". www.pilotoviejo.com. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
Bibliography
[edit]- Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1951–52. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd., 1951.
- Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1952–53. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd., 1952.
- Harding, Stephen. U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1990. ISBN 1-85310-102-8.
- Huber, Mark. "Accidental Classic". Air & Space, October–November 2008, pp. 42–47.
- Garrison, Peter. "Navion". Flying, May 1973, Vol. 92, No. 5. pp. 42–48.
- Gilbert, James. "Used Aircraft Pilot Report: The Navion". Flying, April 1966, Vol. 78, No. 4. pp. 54–58.
- Лерт, Питер. «Globe/Temco Swift & Ryan Navion». Руководство по покупателю самолетов и дайджест . Серия вызова, том 3, 1989.
- Райан Аэронавтическая Компания. Руководство по эксплуатации Navion 3 -е изд., 1 февраля 1949 года.
- Симпсон, RW Airlife's General Aviation . Шрусбери, Великобритания: Airlife Publishing, 1991. ISBN 978-1-8531-0577-7 .
- Симпсон, Род. Руководство по общей авиации . Хинкли, Великобритания: Midland Publishing, 2005. ISBN 1-85780-222-5 .
- Сванборо, Ф.Г. и Питер М. Бауэрс . Военные самолеты США с 1909 года . Лондон: Патнэм, 1963.
- Тейлор, Джон В.Р. Джейн «Все мировые самолеты» 1962–63 . Лондон: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd., 1962.
- Тейлор, Джон В.Р. Джейн «Все мировые самолеты» 1969–70 . Лондон: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd., 1969. ISBN 0-354-000-519 .
- Тейлор, Майкл, Дж. Х., изд. Энциклопедия Джейн авиации . Данбери, Коннектикут: Grolier Educational Corporation, 1980. ISBN 0-7106-0710-5 .
- Подержанный гид самолетов . Norwalk, Connecticut: Aviation Consumer Magazine (Belvoir Media Group LLC), 2010.
- США Бюро аэронавтики. Технический заказ 1L-17A-1: Руководство по борьбе с рейсом USAF Series L-17A, L-17B и L-17C , 1 октября 1948 года.
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]
- Navion - тип держателя сертификата
- Sierra Hotel Aero Inc. - держатель сертификата текущего типа
- Фотографии Navion в музея авиации и космоса Сан -Диего архивах
- L-17.org -Информация L-17
- Популярная наука , май 1946 г., младшее издание «Мустанг -ранняя статья о Навионе»
