Армия США

Не путать с Министерством армии США , Вооружёнными силами США , Армией США или Национальной гвардией США .

Армия США
Официальная печать армии США Словесный знак
Основан	14 июня 1775 г. ( 14.06.1775 ) (249 лет, 1 месяц назад)
Country	United States
Type	Army
Role	Land warfare
Size	452,689 active duty personnel 325,218 Army National Guard personnel 176,968 Army Reserve personnel 1,073,200 total uniformed personnel (official data as of July 31, 2023) 330,000 civilian personnel 4,406 crewed aircraft
Part of	United States Armed Forces Department of the Army
Headquarters	The Pentagon Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.
Motto(s)	"This We'll Defend"
Colors	Black, gold and white
March	"The Army Goes Rolling Along"
Mascot(s)	Army Mules
Anniversaries	Army Birthday: 14 June
Equipment	List of U.S. Army equipment
Engagements	show See list Revolutionary War War of 1812 Mexican–American War Civil War Indian Wars Spanish–American War China Relief Expedition Philippine–American War Mexican Expedition World War I Russian Civil War Bonus Army suppression World War II Korean War 1958 Lebanon crisis Vietnam War Dominican Civil War Korean DMZ Conflict Invasion of Grenada Invasion of Panama Somali Civil War Persian Gulf War Kosovo War Global War on Terrorism War in Afghanistan Iraq War Operation Inherent Resolve Battle of Khasham
Website	army.mil goarmy.com
Commanders
Commander-in-Chief	President Joe Biden
Secretary of Defense	Lloyd Austin
Secretary of the Army	Christine Wormuth
Chief of Staff	GEN Randy A. George
Vice Chief of Staff	GEN James J. Mingus
Sergeant Major of the Army	SMA Michael R. Weimer
Insignia
Flag
Field flag

Армия Соединенных Штатов ( США ) — наземная служба США Вооруженных Сил . Это одна из восьми силовых структур США обозначена как Армия Соединенных Штатов , которая в Конституции США . Армия является старейшим родом войск США и самым старшим по старшинству. Она уходит корнями в Континентальную армию , которая была сформирована 14 июня 1775 года для борьбы с британцами за независимость во время Войны за независимость в США (1775–1783). После Войны за независимость Конгресс Конфедерации 3 июня 1784 года создал армию Соединенных Штатов, чтобы заменить расформированную Континентальную армию. Армия Соединенных Штатов считает себя продолжением Континентальной армии и, таким образом, считает, что ее институциональное зарождение положило начало созданию этой вооруженной силы в 1775 году.

The U.S. Army is a uniformed service of the United States and is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the chief of staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is the largest military branch, and in the fiscal year 2022, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 480,893 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 336,129 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) had 188,703 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,005,725 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders". Филиал участвует в конфликтах по всему миру и является основной наземной наступательной и оборонительной силой Соединенных Штатов Америки.‌

Mission

The United States Army serves as the land-based branch of the U.S. Armed Forces. Section 7062 of Title 10, U.S. Code defines the purpose of the army as:

• Preserving the peace and security and providing for the defense of the United States, the Commonwealths and possessions, and any areas occupied by the United States
• Supporting the national policies
• Implementing the national objectives
• Overcoming any nations responsible for aggressive acts that imperil the peace and security of the United States

In 2018, the Army Strategy 2018 articulated an eight-point addendum to the Army Vision for 2028. While the Army Mission remains constant, the Army Strategy builds upon the Army's Brigade Modernization by adding focus to corps and division-level echelons. The Army Futures Command oversees reforms geared toward conventional warfare. The Army's current reorganization plan is due to be completed by 2028.

The Army's five core competencies are prompt and sustained land combat, combined arms operations (to include combined arms maneuver and wide–area security, armored and mechanized operations and airborne and air assault operations), special operations forces, to set and sustain the theater for the joint force, and to integrate national, multinational, and joint power on land.

History

Main article: History of the United States Army

Origins

The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Second Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking helped shape the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught Prussian Army tactics and organizational skills.

The storming of Redoubt No. 10 in the Siege of Yorktown during the American Revolutionary War prompted Great Britain's government to begin negotiations, resulting in the Treaty of Paris and Great Britain's recognition of the United States as an independent state.

The Army fought numerous pitched battles, and sometimes used Fabian strategy and hit-and-run tactics in the South in 1780 and 1781; under Major General Nathanael Greene, it hit where the British were weakest to wear down their forces. Washington led victories against the British at Trenton and Princeton, but lost a series of battles in the New York and New Jersey campaign in 1776 and the Philadelphia campaign in 1777. With a decisive victory at Yorktown and the help of the French, the Continental Army prevailed against the British.

After the war, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, except a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon considered necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, where more than 800 soldiers were killed, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, established in 1791 and renamed the United States Army in 1796.

In 1798, during the Quasi-War with France, the U.S. Congress established a three-year "Provisional Army" of 10,000 men, consisting of twelve regiments of infantry and six troops of light dragoons. In March 1799, Congress created an "Eventual Army" of 30,000 men, including three regiments of cavalry. Both "armies" existed only on paper, but equipment for 3,000 men and horses was procured and stored.

19th century

War of 1812 and Indian Wars

Further information: War of 1812 and Army on the Frontier

General Andrew Jackson standing on the parapet of his makeshift defenses as his troops repulse attacking Highlanders during the defense of New Orleans, the final major and most one-sided battle of the War of 1812, mainly fought by militia and volunteers.

The War of 1812, the second and last war between the United States and Great Britain, had mixed results. The U.S. Army did not conquer Canada but it did destroy Native American resistance to expansion in the Old Northwest and it validated its independence by stopping two major British invasions in 1814 and 1815. After taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the U.S. Army seized parts of western Upper Canada, burned York and defeated Tecumseh, which caused his Western Confederacy to collapse. Following U.S. victories in the Canadian province of Upper Canada, British troops who had dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", were able to capture and burn Washington, which was defended by militia, in 1814. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo antebellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and siege of Fort St. Philip with an army dominated by militia and volunteers, and became a national hero. U.S. troops and sailors captured HMS Cyane, Levant and Penguin in the final engagements of the war. Per the treaty, both sides (the United States and Great Britain) returned to the geographical status quo. Both navies kept the warships they had seized during the conflict.

The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars (1818–1858) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians' winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there was no winter. The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century.

The U.S. Army fought and won the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), which was a defining event for both countries. The U.S. victory resulted in acquisition of territory that eventually became all or parts of the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming and New Mexico.

American Civil War

Further information: Union Army

The Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the American Civil War

The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties. After most slave states, located in the southern U.S., formed the Confederate States, the Confederate States Army, led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a large fraction of Southern white manpower. Forces of the United States (the "Union" or "the North") formed the Union Army, consisting of a small body of regular army units and a large body of volunteer units raised from every state, north and south, except South Carolina.

For the first two years, Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a large territory in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863, the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–1863, General Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had General Robert E. Lee under siege in Richmond as General William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House. All other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.

The war remains the deadliest conflict in U.S. history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 men on both sides. Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white males aged 13 to 43 died in the war, including 6.4% in the North and 18% in the South.

Later 19th century

Army soldiers in 1890

Following the Civil War, the U.S. Army had the mission of containing western tribes of Native Americans on the Indian reservations. They set up many forts, and engaged in the last of the American Indian Wars. U.S. Army troops also occupied several Southern states during the Reconstruction Era to protect freedmen.

The key battles of the Spanish–American War of 1898 were fought by the Navy. Using mostly new volunteers, the U.S. forces defeated Spain in land campaigns in Cuba and played the central role in the Philippine–American War.

20th century

Starting in 1910, the army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft. In 1910, during the Mexican Revolution, the army was deployed to U.S. towns near the border to ensure the safety of lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa, a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico, prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918.

World Wars

For a list of campaigns see List of United States Army campaigns during World War II

U.S. Army troops assaulting a German bunker in France, c. 1918

U.S. Army unit before heading to France during World War I

The United States joined World War I as an "Associated Power" in 1917 on the side of Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the other Allies. U.S. troops were sent to the Western Front and were involved in the last offensives that ended the war. With the armistice in November 1918, the army once again decreased its forces.

In 1939, estimates of the Army's strength ranged between 174,000 and 200,000 soldiers, smaller than that of Portugal's, which ranked it 17th or 19th in the world in size. General George C. Marshall became Army chief of staff in September 1939 and set about expanding and modernizing the Army in preparation for war.

U.S. soldiers hunting for Japanese infiltrators during the Bougainville Campaign

The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Some 11 million Americans were to serve in various Army operations. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that landed in French North Africa and took Tunisia and then moved on to Sicily and later fought in Italy. In the June 1944 landings in northern France and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In 1947, the number of soldiers in the US Army had decreased from eight million in 1945 to 684,000 soldiers and the total number of active divisions had dropped from 89 to 12. The leaders of the Army saw this demobilization as a success.

In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947. In 1948, the army was desegregated by order 9981 of President Harry S. Truman.

Cold War

1945–1960

U.S. Army soldiers observing an atomic bomb test of Operation Buster-Jangle at the Nevada Test Site during the Korean War

The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and U.S. strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.

US tanks and Soviet tanks at Checkpoint Charlie, 1961

During the Cold War, U.S. troops and their allies fought communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. The Korean War began in June 1950, when the Soviets walked out of a UN Security Council meeting, removing their possible veto. Under a United Nations umbrella, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops fought to prevent the takeover of South Korea by North Korea and later to invade the northern nation. After repeated advances and retreats by both sides and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army's entry into the war, the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in July 1953.

1960–1970

The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the U.S. public and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by U.S. political leaders. While U.S. forces had been stationed in South Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence and advising/training roles, they were not deployed in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. U.S. forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, but they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the People's Army Of Vietnam (NVA).

A U.S. Army infantry patrol moving up to assault the last North Vietnamese Army position at Dak To, South Vietnam during Operation Hawthorne

During the 1960s, the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. In 1967, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in the Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to eight divisions (one mechanized infantry, two armored, and five infantry), but increased the number of brigades from seven to 18 (one airborne, one armored, two mechanized infantry and 14 infantry). The loss of the divisions did not sit well with the states. Their objections included the inadequate maneuver element mix for those that remained and the end to the practice of rotating divisional commands among the states that supported them. Under the proposal, the remaining division commanders were to reside in the state of the division base. However, no reduction in total Army National Guard strength was to take place, which convinced the governors to accept the plan. The states reorganized their forces accordingly between 1 December 1967 and 1 May 1968.

1970–1990

U.S. Army soldiers preparing to take La Comandancia in the El Chorrillo neighborhood of Panama City during Operation Just Cause

The Total Force Policy was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involved treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. General Abrams' intertwining of the three components of the army effectively made extended operations impossible without the involvement of both the Army National Guard and Army Reserve in a predominantly combat support role. The army converted to an all-volunteer force with greater emphasis on training to specific performance standards driven by the reforms of General William E. DePuy, the first commander of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. Following the Camp David Accords that was signed by Egypt, Israel that was brokered by president Jimmy Carter in 1978, as part of the agreement, both the United States and Egypt agreed that there would be a joint military training led by both countries that would usually take place every 2 years, that exercise is known as Exercise Bright Star.

The 1980s was mostly a decade of reorganization. The Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 created unified combatant commands bringing the army together with the other four military services under unified, geographically organized command structures. The army also played a role in the invasions of Grenada in 1983 (Operation Urgent Fury) and Panama in 1989 (Operation Just Cause).

By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement were used.

1990s

M1 Abrams tanks moving out before the Battle of Al Busayyah during the Gulf War

In 1990, Iraq invaded its smaller neighbor, Kuwait, and U.S. land forces quickly deployed to assure the protection of Saudi Arabia. In January 1991 Operation Desert Storm commenced, a U.S.-led coalition which deployed over 500,000 troops, the bulk of them from U.S. Army formations, to drive out Iraqi forces. The campaign ended in total victory, as Western coalition forces routed the Iraqi Army. Some of the largest tank battles in history were fought during the Gulf war. The Battle of Medina Ridge, Battle of Norfolk and the Battle of 73 Easting were tank battles of historical significance.

Iraqi tanks destroyed by Task Force 1-41 Infantry during the Gulf War, February 1991

After Operation Desert Storm, the army did not see major combat operations for the remainder of the 1990s but did participate in a number of peacekeeping activities. In 1990 the Department of Defense issued guidance for "rebalancing" after a review of the Total Force Policy, but in 2004, USAF Air War College scholars concluded the guidance would reverse the Total Force Policy which is an "essential ingredient to the successful application of military force".

21st century

U.S. Army Rangers taking part in a raid during an operation in Nahr-e Saraj, Afghanistan

On 11 September 2001, 53 Army civilians (47 employees and six contractors) and 22 soldiers were among the 125 victims killed in the Pentagon in a terrorist attack when American Airlines Flight 77 commandeered by five Al-Qaeda hijackers slammed into the western side of the building, as part of the September 11 attacks. In response to the 11 September attacks and as part of the Global War on Terror, U.S. and NATO forces invaded Afghanistan in October 2001, displacing the Taliban government. The U.S. Army also led the combined U.S. and allied invasion of Iraq in 2003; it served as the primary source for ground forces with its ability to sustain short and long-term deployment operations. In the following years, the mission changed from conflict between regular militaries to counterinsurgency, resulting in the deaths of more than 4,000 U.S. service members (as of March 2008) and injuries to thousands more. 23,813 insurgents were killed in Iraq between 2003 and 2011.

U.S. Army soldiers with the 2nd Battalion, 327th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division returning fire during a firefight with Taliban forces in Barawala Kalay Valley in Kunar province, Afghanistan, March 2011

Until 2009, the army's chief modernization plan, its most ambitious since World War II, was the Future Combat Systems program. In 2009, many systems were canceled, and the remaining were swept into the BCT modernization program. By 2017, the Brigade Modernization project was completed and its headquarters, the Brigade Modernization Command, was renamed the Joint Modernization Command, or JMC. In response to Budget sequestration in 2013, Army plans were to shrink to 1940 levels, although actual Active-Army end-strengths were projected to fall to some 450,000 troops by the end of FY2017. From 2016 to 2017, the Army retired hundreds of OH-58 Kiowa Warrior observation helicopters, while retaining its Apache gunships. The 2015 expenditure for Army research, development and acquisition changed from $32 billion projected in 2012 for FY15 to $21 billion for FY15 expected in 2014.

Organization

Organization of the United States Army within the Department of Defense

Planning

By 2017, a task force was formed to address Army modernization, which triggered shifts of units: CCDC, and ARCIC, from within Army Materiel Command (AMC), and Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), respectively, to a new Army Command (ACOM) in 2018. The Army Futures Command (AFC), is a peer of FORSCOM, TRADOC, and AMC, the other ACOMs. AFC's mission is modernization reform: to design hardware, as well as to work within the acquisition process which defines materiel for AMC. TRADOC's mission is to define the architecture and organization of the Army, and to train and supply soldiers to FORSCOM. AFC's cross-functional teams (CFTs) are Futures Command's vehicle for sustainable reform of the acquisition process for the future. In order to support the Army's modernization priorities, its FY2020 budget allocated $30 billion for the top six modernization priorities over the next five years. The $30 billion came from $8 billion in cost avoidance and $22 billion in terminations.

Army Components

See also: Structure of the United States Army

U.S. Army organization chart

The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775. In the first one hundred years of its existence, the United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent forts and perform other non-wartime duties such as engineering and construction works. During times of war, the U.S. Army was augmented by the much larger United States Volunteers which were raised independently by various state governments. States also maintained full-time militias which could also be called into the service of the army.

Senior American commanders of the European theatre of World War II.
*Seated are (from left to right) Generals William H. Simpson, George S. Patton, Carl A. Spaatz, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, Courtney H. Hodges, and Leonard T. Gerow
*standing are (from left to right) Generals Ralph F. Stearley, Hoyt Vandenberg, Walter Bedell Smith, Otto P. Weyland, and Richard E. Nugent

By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps and the state militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.

In 1941, the "Army of the United States" was founded to fight World War II. The Regular Army, Army of the United States, the National Guard and Officer/Enlisted Reserve Corps (ORC and ERC) existed simultaneously. After World War II, the ORC and ERC were combined into the United States Army Reserve. The Army of the United States was re-established for the Korean War and Vietnam War and was demobilized upon the suspension of the draft.

Currently, the Army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard. Some states further maintain state defense forces, as a type of reserve to the National Guard, while all states maintain regulations for state militias. State militias are both "organized", meaning that they are armed forces usually part of the state defense forces, or "unorganized" simply meaning that all able-bodied males may be eligible to be called into military service.

The U.S. Army is also divided into several branches and functional areas. Branches include officers, warrant officers, and enlisted Soldiers while functional areas consist of officers who are reclassified from their former branch into a functional area. However, officers continue to wear the branch insignia of their former branch in most cases, as functional areas do not generally have discrete insignia. Some branches, such as Special Forces, operate similarly to functional areas in that individuals may not join their ranks until having served in another Army branch. Careers in the Army can extend into cross-functional areas for officer, warrant officer, enlisted, and civilian personnel.

U.S. Army branches and functional areas

Branch	Insignia and colors		Branch	Insignia and colors		Functional Area (FA)
Acquisition Corps (AC)			Air Defense Artillery (AD)			Information Network Engineering (FA 26)
Adjutant General's Corps (AG) Includes Army Bands (AB)			Armor (AR) Includes Cavalry (CV)			Information Operations (FA 30)
Aviation (AV)			Civil Affairs Corps (CA)			Strategic Intelligence (FA 34)
Chaplain Corps (CH)			Chemical Corps (CM)			Space Operations (FA 40)
Cyber Corps (CY)			Dental Corps (DC)			Public Affairs Officer (FA 46)
Corps of Engineers (EN)			Field Artillery (FA)			Academy Professor (FA 47)
Finance Corps (FI)			Infantry (IN)			Foreign Area Officer (FA 48)
Inspector General (IG)			Logistics (LG)			Operations Research/Systems Analysis (FA 49)
Judge Advocate General's Corps (JA)			Military Intelligence Corps (MI)			Force Management (FA 50)
Medical Corps (MC)			Medical Service Corps (MS)			Acquisition (FA 51)
Military Police Corps (MP)			Army Nurse Corps (AN)			Simulation Operations (FA 57)
Psychological Operations (PO)			Medical Specialist Corps (SP)			Army Marketing (FA 58)
Quartermaster Corps (QM)			Staff Specialist Corps (SS) (USAR and ARNG only)			Health Services (FA 70)
Special Forces (SF)			Ordnance Corps (OD)			Laboratory Sciences (FA 71)
Veterinary Corps (VC)			Public Affairs (PA)			Preventive Medicine Sciences (FA 72)
Transportation Corps (TC)			Signal Corps (SC)			Behavioral Sciences (FA 73)
Special branch insignias (for some unique duty assignments)
National Guard Bureau (NGB)			General Staff			U.S. Military Academy Staff
Chaplain Candidate			Officer Candidate			Warrant Officer Candidate
Aide-de-camp						Senior Enlisted Advisor (SEA)

Before 1933, members of the Army National Guard were considered state militia until they were mobilized into the U.S. Army, typically on the onset of war. Since the 1933 amendment to the National Defense Act of 1916, all Army National Guard soldiers have held dual status. They serve as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and as reserve members of the U.S. Army under the authority of the president, in the Army National Guard of the United States.

Since the adoption of the total force policy, in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, reserve component soldiers have taken a more active role in U.S. military operations. For example, Reserve and Guard units took part in the Gulf War, peacekeeping in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Army commands and army service component commands

Headquarters, United States Department of the Army (HQDA):

Army Commands	Current commander	Location of headquarters
United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM)	GEN Andrew P. Poppas	Fort Liberty, North Carolina
United States Army Futures Command (AFC)	GEN James E. Rainey	Austin, Texas
United States Army Materiel Command (AMC)	LTG Christopher O. Mohan (acting)	Redstone Arsenal, Alabama
United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC)	GEN Gary M. Brito	Fort Eustis, Virginia
Army Service Component Commands	Current commander	Location of headquarters
United States Army Central (ARCENT)/Third Army	LTG Patrick D. Frank	Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina
United States Army Europe and Africa/Seventh Army	GEN Darryl A. Williams	Clay Kaserne, Wiesbaden, Germany
United States Army North (ARNORTH)/Fifth Army	LTG John R. Evans Jr.	Joint Base San Antonio, Texas
United States Army Pacific (USARPAC)	GEN Charles A. Flynn	Fort Shafter, Hawaii
United States Army South (ARSOUTH)/Sixth Army	MG Phillip J. Ryan	Joint Base San Antonio, Texas
Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC)	MG Lance G. Curtis	Scott AFB, Illinois
United States Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER)	LTG Maria B. Barrett	Fort Eisenhower, Georgia
United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command/United States Army Forces Strategic Command (USASMDC/ARSTRAT)	LTG Sean Gainey	Redstone Arsenal, Alabama
United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC)	LTG Jonathan P. Braga	Fort Liberty, North Carolina
Operational Force Headquarters	Current commander	Location of headquarters
Eighth Army (EUSA)	LTG Willard M. Burleson III	Camp Humphreys, South Korea
Direct reporting units	Current commander	Location of headquarters
Arlington National Cemetery and Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery	Katharine Kelley (civilian)	Arlington County, Virginia
Civilian Protection Center of Excellence	Michael McNerney	Arlington County, Virginia
United States Army Joint Counter-Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Office		Arlington County, Virginia
Military Postal Service Agency		Arlington County, Virginia
United States Army Acquisition Support Center (USAASC)	Craig A. Spisak (civilian)	Fort Belvoir, Virginia
United States Army Civilian Human Resources Agency (CHRA)	Carol Burton (civilian)	Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)	LTG Scott A. Spellmon	Washington, D.C.
United States Army Corrections Command (ACC)	BG Sarah K. Albrycht	Arlington County, Virginia
United States Army Criminal Investigation Division (USACID)	Gregory D. Ford	Quantico, Virginia
United States Army Human Resources Command (HRC)	MG Thomas R. Drew	Fort Knox, Kentucky
United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM)	MG Timothy D. Brown	Fort Belvoir, Virginia
United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM)	LTG Mary K. Izaguirre	Joint Base San Antonio, Texas
United States Army Military District of Washington (MDW)	MG Trevor J. Bredenkamp	Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.
United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC)	MG Patrick L. Gaydon	Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
United States Army War College (AWC)	MG David C. Hill	Carlisle, Pennsylvania
United States Military Academy (USMA)	LTG Steven W. Gilland	West Point, New York
Source: U.S. Army organization

Structure

Main article: Structure of the United States Army

See also: Transformation of the United States Army

See also: Reorganization plan of the United States Army

U.S. Army soldiers of the 1st Battalion, 175th Infantry Regiment, Maryland Army National Guard conducting an urban cordon and search exercise as part of the army readiness and training evaluation program in the mock city of Balad at Fort Dix, New Jersey

U.S. soldiers from the 6th Infantry Regiment taking up positions on a street corner during a foot patrol in Ramadi, Iraq

The 1st Cavalry Division's combat aviation brigade performing a mock charge with the horse detachment

U.S. Army Special Forces soldiers from the 3rd Special Forces Group patrolling a field in the Gulistan district of Farah, Afghanistan

See Structure of the United States Army for a detailed treatment of the history, components, administrative and operational structure and the branches and functional areas of the Army.

The U.S. Army is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. Both reserve components are primarily composed of part-time soldiers who train once a month – known as battle assemblies or unit training assemblies (UTAs) – and conduct two to three weeks of annual training each year. Both the Regular Army and the Army Reserve are organized under Title 10 of the United States Code, while the National Guard is organized under Title 32. While the Army National Guard is organized, trained and equipped as a component of the U.S. Army, when it is not in federal service it is under the command of individual state and territorial governors. However, the District of Columbia National Guard reports to the U.S. president, not the district's mayor, even when not federalized. Any or all of the National Guard can be federalized by presidential order and against the governor's wishes.

The U.S. Army is led by a civilian secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the secretary of defense. The chief of staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the president of the United States, the secretary of defense and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the chairman and vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the president to the secretary of defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility, thus the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the secretary of defense.

By 2013, the army shifted to six geographical commands that align with the six geographical unified combatant commands (CCMD):

• United States Army Central headquartered at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina
• United States Army North headquartered at Fort Sam Houston, Texas
• United States Army South headquartered at Fort Sam Houston, Texas
• United States Army Europe and Africa headquartered at Clay Kaserne, Wiesbaden, Germany
• United States Army Pacific headquartered at Fort Shafter, Hawaii

The army also transformed its base unit from divisions to brigades. Division lineage will be retained, but the divisional headquarters will be able to command any brigade, not just brigades that carry their divisional lineage. The central part of this plan is that each brigade will be modular, i.e., all brigades of the same type will be exactly the same and thus any brigade can be commanded by any division. As specified before the 2013 end-strength re-definitions, the three major types of brigade combat teams are:

• Armored brigades, with a strength of 4,743 troops as of 2014.
• Stryker brigades, with a strength of 4,500 troops as of 2014.
• Infantry brigades, with a strength of 4,413 troops as of 2014.

In addition, there are combat support and service support modular brigades. Combat support brigades include aviation (CAB) brigades, which will come in heavy and light varieties, fires (artillery) brigades (now transforms to division artillery) and expeditionary military intelligence brigades. Combat service support brigades include sustainment brigades and come in several varieties and serve the standard support role in an army.

Combat maneuver organizations

To track the effects of the 2018 budget cuts, see Transformation of the United States Army#Divisions and brigades

The U.S. Army's conventional combat capability currently consists of 11 active divisions and 1 deployable division headquarters (7th Infantry Division) as well as several independent maneuver units.

From 2013 through 2017, the Army sustained organizational and end-strength reductions after several years of growth. In June 2013, the Army announced plans to downsize to 32 active brigade combat teams by 2015 to match a reduction in active-duty strength to 490,000 soldiers. Army chief of staff Raymond Odierno projected that the Army was to shrink to "450,000 in the active component, 335,000 in the National Guard and 195,000 in U.S. Army Reserve" by 2018. However, this plan was scrapped by the incoming Trump administration, with subsequent plans to expand the Army by 16,000 soldiers to a total of 476,000 by October 2017. The National Guard and the Army Reserve will see a smaller expansion.

The Army's maneuver organization was most recently altered by the reorganization of United States Army Alaska into the 11th Airborne Division, transferring the 1st and 4th Brigade Combat Teams of the 25th Infantry Division under a separate operational headquarters to reflect the brigades' distinct, Arctic-oriented mission. As part of the reorganization, the 1–11 (formerly 1–25) Stryker Brigade Combat Team will reorganize as an Infantry Brigade Combat Team. Following this transition, the active component BCTs will number 11 Armored brigades, 6 Stryker brigades, and 14 Infantry brigades.

Within the Army National Guard and United States Army Reserve, there are a further eight divisions, 27 brigade combat teams, additional combat support and combat service support brigades, and independent cavalry, infantry, artillery, aviation, engineer and support battalions. The Army Reserve in particular provides virtually all psychological operations and civil affairs units.

United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM)

Direct reporting units	Current commander	Location of headquarters
I Corps	LTG Xavier Brunson	Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
III Armored Corps	LTG Sean Bernabe	Fort Cavazos, Texas
V Corps	LTG Charles Costanza	Fort Knox, Kentucky
XVIII Airborne Corps	LTG Christopher T. Donahue	Fort Liberty, North Carolina
First Army	MG William A. Ryan III (acting)	Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois
U.S. Army Reserve Command	MG Martin F. Klein (acting)	Fort Liberty, North Carolina
Security Force Assistance Command	BG Kevin J. Lambert	Fort Liberty, North Carolina
20th CBRNE Command	MG Daryl O. Hood	Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command	MG Richard A. Harrison	Fort Bliss, Texas
U.S. Army Air Traffic Services Command	COL Jason T. Cook	Fort Novosel, Alabama

Active combat maneuver units
Name	Headquarters	Subunits	Subordinate to
1st Armored Division	Fort Bliss, Texas	3 armored BCTs (ABCTs), 1 Division Artillery (DIVARTY), 1 Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB), and 1 sustainment brigade	III Corps
1st Cavalry Division	Fort Cavazos, Texas	3 armored BCTs, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	III Corps
1st Infantry Division	Fort Riley, Kansas	2 armored BCTs, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	III Corps
2nd Infantry Division	Camp Humphreys, South Korea Joint Base Lewis–McChord, Washington	2 Stryker BCTs, 1 mechanized brigade from the ROK Army, 1 DIVARTY (under administrative control of 7th ID), 1 sustainment brigade, and a stateside Stryker BCT from another active division that is rotated in on a regular basis.	I Corps (CONUS) Eighth Army (OCONUS)
2nd Cavalry Regiment	Rose Barracks, Vilseck, Germany	4 Stryker squadrons, 1 engineer squadron, 1 fires squadron, and 1 support squadron	U.S. Army Europe and Africa
3rd Infantry Division	Fort Stewart, Georgia	2 armored BCT, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade as well as the 48th Infantry BCT of the Georgia Army National Guard	XVIII Airborne Corps
3rd Cavalry Regiment	Fort Cavazos, Texas	4 Stryker squadrons, 1 fires squadron, 1 engineer squadron, and 1 support squadron (overseen by the 1st Cavalry Division)	III Corps
4th Infantry Division	Fort Carson, Colorado	2 Stryker BCT, 1 armored BCT, DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	III Corps
10th Mountain Division	Fort Drum, New York	3 infantry BCTs, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	XVIII Airborne Corps
11th Airborne Division	Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson, Alaska	1 airborne infantry BCT, 1 infantry BCT, 2 attached aviation battalions, and 1 sustainment battalion	I Corps
25th Infantry Division	Schofield Barracks, Hawaii	2 infantry BCTs, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	I Corps
82nd Airborne Division	Fort Liberty, North Carolina	3 airborne infantry BCTs, 1 airborne DIVARTY, 1 airborne CAB, and 1 airborne sustainment brigade	XVIII Airborne Corps
101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)	Fort Campbell, Kentucky	3 infantry BCTs, 1 DIVARTY, 1 CAB, and 1 sustainment brigade	XVIII Airborne Corps
173rd Airborne Brigade	Camp Ederle, Vicenza, Italy	3 airborne infantry battalions (including 1st Battalion, 143rd Infantry Regiment of the Texas and Rhode Island Army National Guard), 1 airborne field artillery battalion, 1 airborne cavalry squadron, 1 airborne engineer battalion, and 1 airborne support battalion	U.S. Army Europe and Africa

Combat maneuver units under the Army National Guard until federalized
Name	Locations	Subunits
28th Infantry Division	Pennsylvania, Ohio and Maryland	2nd Infantry BCT, 56th Stryker BCT, 28th CAB, 55th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade (MEB), and the 28th Infantry Division Sustainment Brigade (SB)
29th Infantry Division	Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina and Florida	30th Armored BCT, 53rd Infantry BCT, 116th Infantry BCT, 29th CAB, 142nd Field Artillery Regiment, 29th Infantry Division SB, and the 226th MEB
34th Infantry Division	Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Idaho	1st Armored BCT, 2nd Infantry BCT, 32nd Infantry BCT, 116th Cavalry BCT, 115th Field Artillery Brigade, 34th CAB, 34th Infantry Division SB, and the 157th MEB
35th Infantry Division	Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Oklahoma, Georgia, Arkansas, and Nebraska	33rd Infantry BCT, 39th Infantry BCT, 45th Infantry BCT, 130th Field Artillery Brigade, 35th CAB, and the 67th MEB
36th Infantry Division	Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi	56th Infantry BCT, 72nd Infantry BCT, 256th Infantry BCT, 155th Armored BCT, 278th Armored Cavalry Regiment, 36th CAB, 36th Infantry Division SB, and the 136th MEB
38th Infantry Division	Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Tennessee	37th Infantry BCT, 76th Infantry BCT, 138th Field Artillery Brigade, 38th CAB, 38th Infantry Division SB, and the 149th MEB
40th Infantry Division	Arizona, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington	29th Infantry BCT, 41st Infantry BCT, 79th Infantry BCT, 81st Stryker BCT, 40th CAB, and the 40th Infantry Division SB
42nd Infantry Division	Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont	27th Infantry BCT, 44th Infantry BCT, 86th Infantry BCT (Mountain), 197th Field Artillery Brigade, 42nd CAB, 42nd Infantry Division SB, and the 26th MEB

For a description of U.S. Army tactical organizational structure, see: a U.S. context and also a global context.

Special operations forces

Main article: Army Special Operations Command

United States Army Special Operations Command (Airborne) (USASOC):

Name	Headquarters	Structure and purpose
1st Special Forces Command	Fort Liberty (formerly Bragg), North Carolina	Manages seven special forces groups designed to deploy and execute nine doctrinal missions: unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, direct action, counter-insurgency, special reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, information operations, counterproliferation of weapon of mass destruction, and security force assistance. The command also manages two psychological operations groups—tasked to work with foreign nations to induce or reinforce behavior favorable to U.S. objectives—a civil affairs brigade—that enables military commanders and U.S. ambassadors to improve relationships with various stakeholders via five battalions—and a sustainment brigade—that provides combat service support and combat health support units via three distinct battalions.
Army Special Operations Aviation Command	Fort Liberty, North Carolina	Commands, organizes, mans, trains, resources, and equips Army special operations aviation units to provide responsive, special operations aviation support to special operations forces consisting of five units, including the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne).
75th Ranger Regiment	Fort Moore (formerly Benning), Georgia	In addition to a regimental headquarters, a special troops battalion, and a military intelligence battalion, the 75th Ranger Regiment has three maneuver battalions of elite airborne infantry specializing in large-scale, joint forcible entry operations and precision targeting raids. Additional capabilities include special reconnaissance, air assault, and direct action raids seizing key terrain such as airfields, destroying or securing strategic facilities, and capturing or killing enemies of the Nation. The Regiment also helps develop the equipment, technologies, training, and readiness that bridge the gap between special operations and traditional combat maneuver organizations.
John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School	Fort Liberty, North Carolina	Selects and trains special forces, civil affairs, and psychological operations soldiers consisting of two groups and other various training units and offices.
1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta	Fort Liberty, North Carolina	Commonly referred to as Delta Force, Combat Applications Group (CAG), "The Unit", Army Compartmented Element (ACE), or Task Force Green, SFOD–D is the U.S. Army's Tier 1 Special Mission Unit tasked with performing the most complex, classified, and dangerous missions directed by the National Command Authority. Under the control of Joint Special Operations Command, SFOD–D specializes in hostage rescue, counter-terrorism, direct action, and special reconnaissance against high-value targets via eight squadrons: four assault, one aviation, one clandestine, one combat support, and one nuclear disposal.

Medical Department

Main article: Army Medical Department (United States)

The United States Army Medical Department (AMEDD), formerly the Army Medical Service (AMS), is the primary healthcare organization of the United States Army and is led by the Surgeon General of the United States Army (TSG), a three-star lieutenant general, who (by policy) also serves as the Commanding General, United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM). TSG is assisted by a Deputy Surgeon General and a full staff, the Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG). The incumbent Surgeon General is Lieutenant General Mary K. Izaguirre (since January 25, 2024).

AMEDD encompasses the Army's six non-combat, medical-focused specialty branches (or "Corps"), these branches are: the Medical Corps, Nurse Corps, Dental Corps, Veterinary Corps, Medical Specialist Corps. Each of these branches is headed by a Corps Chief that reports directly to the Surgeon General.

Personnel

See also: List of ranks used by the United States Army

The Army's Talent Management Task Force (TMTF) has deployed IPPS-A, the Integrated Personnel and Pay System - Army, an app which serves the National Guard, and on 17 January 2023 the Army Reserve and Active Army. Soldiers were reminded to update their information using the legacy systems to keep their payroll and personnel information current by December 2021. IPPS-A is the Human Resources system for the Army, is now available for download for Android, or the Apple store. It will be used for future promotions and other personnel decisions. Among the changes are:

• BCAP, the Battalion Commander Assessment Program. In January 2020, over 800 majors and lieutenant colonels from all over the Army converged on Fort Knox to take part in a five-day program to select the next battalion commanders for the Army (beginning in FY2021). This process replaces the former selection process which was based solely on rank and individual reviews of past performance. From now on, more consideration will be given to an individual officer's personal preference, as part of 25 other selection criteria. "Promotion boards will now be able to see almost all substantiated adverse information". The promotion boards will be able to see anything in an officer's human resource record. Officers are encouraged to become familiar with their human resource record, and to file rebuttals to adverse information.
• Depending on the success of this initiative, other assessment programs could be instituted as well, for promotion to sergeants major, and for assessment of colonels for command.

Below are the U.S. Army ranks authorized for use today and their equivalent NATO designations. Although no living officer currently holds the rank of General of the Army, it is still authorized by Congress for use in wartime.

Officers

Main article: United States Army officer rank insignia

There are several paths to becoming a commissioned officer including the United States Military Academy, Reserve Officers' Training Corps, Officer Candidate School, and direct commissioning. Regardless of which road an officer takes, the insignia are the same. Certain professions including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, lawyers and chaplains are commissioned directly into the Army.

Most army commissioned officers (those who are generalists) are promoted based on an "up or out" system. A more flexible talent management process is underway. The Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 establishes rules for the timing of promotions and limits the number of officers that can serve at any given time.

Army regulations call for addressing all personnel with the rank of general as "General (last name)" regardless of the number of stars. Likewise, both colonels and lieutenant colonels are addressed as "Colonel (last name)" and first and second lieutenants as "Lieutenant (last name)".

US DoD pay grade	Special grade	O-10	O-9	O-8	O-7	O-6	O-5	O-4	O-3	O-2	O-1
NATO code	OF-10	OF-9	OF-8	OF-7	OF-6	OF-5	OF-4	OF-3	OF-2	OF-1
Insignia
Army Green Service Uniform
Army Blue Service Uniform
Army Combat Uniform
Title	General of the Army	General	Lieutenant general	Major general	Brigadier general	Colonel	Lieutenant colonel	Major	Captain	First lieutenant	Second lieutenant
Abbreviation	GA	GEN	LTG	MG	BG	COL	LTC	MAJ	CPT	1LT	2LT

Warrant officers

Main article: Warrant officer (United States)

Warrant officers are single track, specialty officers with subject matter expertise in a particular area. They are initially appointed as warrant officers (in the rank of WO1) by the secretary of the Army, but receive their commission upon promotion to chief warrant officer two (CW2).

By regulation, warrant officers are addressed as "Mr. (last name)" or "Ms. (last name)" by senior officers and as "sir" or "ma'am" by all enlisted personnel. However, many personnel address warrant officers as "Chief (last name)" within their units regardless of rank.

US DoD pay grade	W-5	W-4	W-3	W-2	W-1
NATO code	WO-5	WO-4	WO-3	WO-2	WO-1
Insignia
Army Green Service Uniform
Title	Chief warrant officer 5	Chief warrant officer 4	Chief warrant officer 3	Chief warrant officer 2	Warrant officer 1
Abbreviation	CW5	CW4	CW3	CW2	WO1

Enlisted personnel

Main article: United States Army enlisted rank insignia

See also: Enlisted rank

Sergeants and corporals are referred to as NCOs, short for non-commissioned officers. This distinguishes corporals from the more numerous specialists who have the same pay grade but do not exercise leadership responsibilities. Beginning in 2021, all corporals will be required to conduct structured self-development for the NCO ranks, completing the basic leader course (BLC), or else be laterally assigned as specialists. Specialists who have completed BLC and who have been recommended for promotion will be permitted to wear corporal rank before their recommended promotion as NCOs.

Privates and privates first class (E3) are addressed as "Private (last name)", specialists as "Specialist (last name)", corporals as "Corporal (last name)" and sergeants, staff sergeants, sergeants first class and master sergeants all as "Sergeant (last name)". First sergeants are addressed as "First Sergeant (last name)" and sergeants major and command sergeants major are addressed as "Sergeant Major (last name)".

US DoD pay grade	Special		E-9		E-8		E-7	E-6	E-5	E-4		E-3	E-2	E-1
NATO code	OR-9				OR-8		OR-7	OR-6	OR-5	OR-4		OR-3	OR-2	OR-1
Uniform insignia														No insignia
Title	Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman	Sergeant Major of the Army	Command sergeant major	Sergeant major	First sergeant	Master sergeant	Sergeant first class	Staff sergeant	Sergeant	Corporal	Specialist	Private first class	Private	Private
Abbreviation	SEAC	SMA	CSM	SGM	1SG	MSG	SFC	SSG	SGT	CPL	SPC	PFC	PV2	PV1

Training

Рейнджеры армии США отрабатывают быстрой веревки технику с MH-47 во время учений в Форт-Либерти.

Обучение в армии США обычно делится на две категории – индивидуальное и коллективное. Из-за мер предосторожности, связанных с COVID-19, первые две недели базового обучения , не включая обработку и внешнюю обработку, включают социальное дистанцирование и обучение, ориентированное на работу в помещении. После того, как у новобранцев будет отрицательный результат теста на COVID-19 в течение двух недель, оставшиеся 8 недель следуют традиционным для большинства новобранцев действиям: за которым следует углубленное индивидуальное обучение (AIT), где они проходят подготовку по своим военным профессиональным специальностям (MOS) . MOS некоторых людей варьируется от 14 до 20 недель обучения на одной станции (OSUT), которое сочетает в себе базовое обучение и AIT. Продолжительность обучения в школе AIT зависит от MOS. Продолжительность пребывания в АИТ зависит от МОС солдата. Определенная высокотехнологичная подготовка MOS требует многих месяцев (например, переводчики с иностранных языков). В зависимости от потребностей армии базовая боевая подготовка солдат боевых родов войск проводится в ряде мест, но двумя из наиболее продолжительных являются Броневая школа и Пехотная школа , обе в Форт-Муре , штат Джорджия. Сержант-майор армии Дэйли отмечает, что пилотная программа пехоты по подготовке подразделений на одной станции (OSUT) продлевается на 8 недель, помимо базовой подготовки и AIT, до 22 недель. Пилотный проект, предназначенный для повышения боеготовности пехоты, завершился в декабре 2018 года. Новый пехотный OSUT включал в себя пулемет M240, а также автоматическое оружие отделения M249 . Обновленный пехотный OSUT стартовал в 2019 году. В зависимости от результатов пилотного проекта 2018 года OSUT могут также расширить обучение в других родах войск, помимо пехоты. К 2021 финансовому году продолжительность обучения одного подразделения по броне будет продлена до 22 недель. Дополнительные OSUT расширяются до кавалерии, инженеров и военной полиции (MP) в последующие финансовые годы.

Было введено новое учебное задание для младших офицеров: они будут командирами взводов базовой боевой подготовки (BCT). Эти лейтенанты возьмут на себя многие административные, логистические и повседневные задачи, которые ранее выполняли сержанты-инструкторы этих взводов, и, как ожидается, будут «руководить, обучать и помогать в поддержании и повышении морального духа, благосостояния и боеготовности» сержанты-инструкторы и их взводы BCT. Ожидается, что эти лейтенанты также будут пресекать любое неподобающее поведение, свидетелем которого они становятся в своих взводах, чтобы освободить сержантов-инструкторов для обучения.

Инструктор роты А 1-го батальона 502-го пехотного полка ударной группы 101-й воздушно-десантной дивизии помогает студентам-рейнджерам иракской армии во время учений по расчистке помещений в лагере Таджи, Ирак, 18 июля 2016 г.

( ACFT Тест боевой готовности армии США ) был проведен в 2018 году для 60 батальонов, разбросанных по всей армии. Система испытаний и подсчета баллов одинакова для всех солдат, независимо от пола. Это займет час, включая периоды отдыха. ACFT заменяет армейский тест на физическую подготовку (APFT). как более важное для выживания в бою. Было определено шесть событий, чтобы лучше предсказать, какие группы мышц тела адекватно подготовлены к боевым действиям: три становые тяги, силовой бросок десятифунтового набивного мяча стоя, отжимания с высвобождением рук (которые заменяют традиционные отжимания), спринт/перетаскивание/перенос на 250 ярдов, три подтягивания с подтягиванием ног (или тест планка вместо подтягивания ног), обязательный период отдыха и бег на две мили. По состоянию на 1 октября 2020 года все солдаты всех трех компонентов (регулярная армия, резерв и национальная гвардия). подлежат этому тесту. ACFT теперь тестирует всех солдат, проходящих базовую подготовку, по состоянию на октябрь 2020 года. ACFT стал официальным рекордным тестом 1 октября 2020 года; до этого дня каждое армейское подразделение должно было пройти диагностику ВС. (Все солдаты с действительными баллами APFT могут использовать их до марта 2022 года. Комплексная система здоровья и фитнеса (H2F) — один из способов подготовки солдат.). Движения ВСФ напрямую отражаются на действиях на поле боя. После прохождения базовой и повышения квалификации на индивидуальном уровне солдаты могут продолжить обучение и подать заявку на получение «идентификатора дополнительного навыка» (ASI). ASI позволяет армии использовать широкомасштабную MOS и сосредоточить ее на более конкретной MOS. Например, боевой медик, в обязанности которого входит оказание неотложной догоспитальной помощи, может пройти обучение ASI, чтобы стать специалистом по сердечно-сосудистой системе, специалистом по диализу или даже лицензированной практической медсестрой. Для офицеров обучение включает в себя предвступительную подготовку, известную как базовый курс A для офицеров, либо в USMA , либо через ROTC , либо путем прохождения OCS . После вступления в должность офицеры проходят отраслевую подготовку на Базовом курсе B для офицеров (ранее называвшемся Базовым курсом для офицеров), время и место которого варьируются в зависимости от их будущих назначений. Офицеры будут продолжать проходить стандартизированное обучение на разных этапах своей карьеры.

Солдаты армии США знакомятся с новейшей моделью INSAS 1B1 во время учений Yudh Abhyas, 2015 г.

Коллективная подготовка на уровне подразделения проходит на закрепленной за подразделением станции, но наиболее интенсивная подготовка на высших эшелонах проводится в трех центрах боевой подготовки (ЦБП); Национальный учебный центр (NTC) в Форт-Ирвине , штат Калифорния, Объединенный учебный центр готовности (JRTC) в Форт-Джонсоне , штат Луизиана, и Объединенный многонациональный учебный центр (JMRC) на полигоне Хоэнфельс в Хоэнфельсе и Графенвере , Германия. ReARMM — это процесс формирования армейских сил, утвержденный в 2020 году для удовлетворения потребности в постоянном пополнении сил для развертывания на уровне подразделений и других эшелонов в соответствии с требованиями миссии. Пополнение на индивидуальном уровне по-прежнему требует обучения на уровне подразделения, которое проводится в Центре замены (CRC) континентальной части США (CONUS) в Форт-Блиссе , в Нью-Мексико и Техасе, перед их индивидуальным развертыванием.

Начальник штаба Милли отмечает, что армия недостаточно оптимизирована для тренировок в регионах с холодной погодой, джунглях, горах или городских районах, тогда как армия, напротив, хорошо справляется с тренировками в пустынях или пересеченной местности. После 11 сентября подготовка армейских подразделений была направлена ​​на борьбу с повстанцами (COIN); к 2014–2017 гг. подготовка перешла к обучению решительным действиям.

Оборудование

Основная статья: Список оборудования армии США

Начальник штаба армии определил шесть приоритетов модернизации: артиллерия, наземная техника, авиация, сеть, противовоздушная/ракетная оборона и смертоносность солдат.

Оружие

Система Lockheed Martin Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), используемая для защиты от баллистических ракет.

Индивидуальное оружие

Армия Соединенных Штатов использует различное оружие для обеспечения легкой огневой мощи на коротких дистанциях. Наиболее распространенным типом оружия, используемым в армии, является карабин М4 , компактный вариант винтовки М16 . наряду с вариантом FN SCAR калибра 7,62×51 мм для армейских рейнджеров . Тогда будущим оружием станет M7, стреляющий патронами калибра 6,8 мм. Основным оружием в армии США является 9-мм пистолет М9 ; пистолет М11 . также используется Оба пистолета должны быть заменены на М17. через программу «Модульная пистолетная система» . Солдаты также оснащены различными ручными гранатами , такими как осколочная граната М67 и дымовая граната М18 .

Многие подразделения дополнены разнообразным специализированным оружием, в том числе M249 SAW (отрядное автоматическое оружие), для обеспечения подавляющего огня на уровне отделения. Огонь с закрытых позиций обеспечивается гранатометом М320 . или Боевой дробовик M1014 Joint Service дробовик Mossberg 590 используются для взлома дверей и ближнего боя. M14EBR . используется назначенными стрелками Снайперы используют снайперскую винтовку дальнего действия M107 , улучшенную снайперскую винтовку M2010 и полуавтоматическую снайперскую винтовку M110 .

Оружие, обслуживаемое экипажем

Армия использует различное оружие, обслуживаемое экипажем, чтобы обеспечить тяжелую огневую мощь на дальностях, превышающих дальность действия индивидуального оружия.

M240 — стандартный средний пулемет армии США. обычно Крупнокалиберный пулемет М2 используется в качестве пулемета, устанавливаемого на транспортном средстве. Точно так же 40-мм гранатомет-пулемет МК 19 в основном используется моторизованными частями.

Армия США использует три типа минометов для огневой поддержки с закрытых позиций, когда более тяжелая артиллерия может оказаться неподходящей или недоступной. Самая маленькая из них — 60-мм пушка М224 , обычно используемая на уровне пехотной роты. В следующем более высоком эшелоне пехотные батальоны обычно поддерживаются секцией 81-мм минометов М252 . Самый крупный миномет на вооружении армии — 120-мм миномет М120/М121 , обычно используемый механизированными подразделениями.

Огневую поддержку подразделений легкой пехоты обеспечивают буксируемые гаубицы, в том числе 105-мм М119А1. и 155-мм М777 .

Армия США использует различные ракеты и ракеты прямой наводки, чтобы обеспечить пехоте противотанковые возможности. АТ4 — неуправляемый снаряд , способный разрушать броню и доты на дальности до 500 метров. FIM -92 Stinger — это зенитная ракета с тепловым наведением, запускаемая с плеча. FGM -148 Javelin и BGM-71 TOW — противотанковые управляемые ракеты.

Транспортные средства

Американский солдат патрулирует Ирак при поддержке Humvee. автомобиля

В доктрине армии США особое внимание уделяется механизированной войне. По состоянию на 2009 год здесь самое высокое соотношение транспортных средств и солдат в мире. Наиболее распространенным транспортным средством в армии является высокомобильная многоцелевая колесная машина (HMMWV), обычно называемая Humvee , которая способна выполнять функции грузового/военного транспорта, платформы вооружения и машины скорой помощи, а также выполнять многие другие функции. Хотя они эксплуатируют широкий спектр машин боевой поддержки, одним из наиболее распространенных типов является семейство машин HEMTT . M1A2 Abrams армии США — основной боевой танк . тогда как M2A3 Bradley является стандартной боевой машиной пехоты . Другие транспортные средства включают Страйкер , М113 бронетранспортер и несколько типов машин с противоминной защитой (MRAP).

3-й пехотной дивизии Солдаты на M1A1 Abrams в Ираке

армии США Основным артиллерийским вооружением M109A6 Paladin. является самоходная гаубица и реактивная система залпового огня М270 (РСЗО), оба установлены на гусеничных платформах и приписаны к тяжелым механизированным частям.

Авиация

Хотя Отделение армейской авиации США имеет в своем распоряжении несколько самолетов , в основном оно эксплуатирует несколько типов вертолетов. В их число входят AH-64 Apache ударный вертолет , UH -60 Black Hawk многоцелевой тактический транспортный вертолет и CH-47 Chinook . тяжелый транспортный вертолет Планы реструктуризации предусматривают сокращение 750 самолетов с семи до четырех типов. Армия оценивает два демонстратора самолета; ARES и Artemis находятся на стадии оценки для замены самолетов Guardrail ISR (разведки, наблюдения и рекогносцировки). В соответствии с соглашением Джонсона-МакКоннелла от 1966 года армия согласилась ограничить свою роль авиации административной поддержкой миссии (легкие невооруженные самолеты, которые не могут действовать с передовых позиций). Что касается БПЛА , армия направляет как минимум одну роту дронов MQ-1C Grey Eagles в каждую дивизию действующей армии.

Униформа

Основная статья: Униформа армии США

Армейская боевая форма (ACU) в настоящее время имеет камуфляж, известный как оперативный камуфляж (OCP); OCP заменил пиксельный шаблон, известный как универсальный камуфляж (UCP), в 2019 году.

11 ноября 2018 года армия анонсировала новую версию «армейской зеленой одежды», основанную на униформе, которую носили во время Второй мировой войны, которая станет стандартной служебной формой гарнизона. Синяя армейская форма останется парадной формой. Ожидается, что «Армейские зеленые» впервые появятся на поле летом 2020 года.

• 
  Униформа Army Greens 2020 года
• 
  Элемент 18-го пехотного полка в АСУ, представляющий США на параде Победы в Москве в 2010 году.

Береты

Взвод почета рейнджеров марширует в своих коричневых беретах и ​​бывшей военной форме.

рядового На беретах состава изображены отличительные знаки различия подразделения (показаны выше). Черный берет армии США больше не носят с ACU при несении гарнизонной службы, его навсегда заменила патрульная фуражка. После многих лет жалоб на то, что он не подходит для большинства условий работы, в июне 2011 года начальник штаба армии генерал Мартин Демпси исключил его из использования в ACU. Солдаты, которые в настоящее время находятся в подразделении в прыжковом статусе, все еще носят береты, независимо от того, носит ли он имеет ли парашютная квалификация или нет (бордовый берет), в то время как члены бригад помощи силам безопасности (SFAB) носят коричневые береты. Члены 75-го полка рейнджеров, воздушно-десантной и учебной бригады рейнджеров (коричневый берет) и спецназа (винтовочный зеленый берет) могут носить его с армейской служебной формой для нецеремониальных функций. Командиры подразделений по-прежнему могут руководить ношением патрульных фуражок в этих подразделениях на учебных площадках или автопарках.

Палатки

Армия в значительной степени полагалась на палатки для обеспечения различных удобств, необходимых во время развертывания (Экспедиция силовых поставщиков (FPE)). Палатки чаще всего используются военными в качестве временных казарм (спальных помещений), зданий DFAC (столовых), передовые оперативные базы (FOB), обзор последствий действий (AAR), центр тактических операций (TOC), объекты морального духа, быта и отдыха (MWR), а также контрольно-пропускные пункты безопасности. Кроме того, большинство этих палаток установлены и эксплуатируются при поддержке Центра солдатских систем Натика . В каждом FPE есть жилые помещения, туалеты, душевые, прачечная и кухня для 50–150 солдат. и хранится в армейских предустановленных запасах 1, 2, 4 и 5 . Это обеспечение позволяет комбатантным командирам размещать солдат в соответствии с требованиями в их зоне ответственности в течение 24–48 часов.

Армия США начинает использовать более современную палатку, называемую развертываемым укрытием для быстрой сборки (DRASH). В 2008 году DRASH стал частью стандартной интегрированной системы командного пункта армии.

См. также

• Армия Америки (видеоигры для вербовки)
• Выпуски марок Армии и Флота 1936–1937 гг.
• Army CHESS (корпоративное программное обеспечение и решения для компьютерного оборудования)
• История армии США
• Список боевого оружия США
• Учебный корпус младших офицеров запаса
• Список действующих военных самолетов США
• Список сравнительных воинских званий
• Список бывших медицинских подразделений армии США
• Список войн с участием США
• План реорганизации армии США
• Кредо солдата
• Хронология военных операций США
• Полковая система боевого вооружения армии США
• Полковая система армии США
• Базовая подготовка армии США
• Полицейские силы США (жандармерия США)
• Маркировка транспортных средств вооруженных сил США

Ссылки

• В этой статье использованы общедоступные материалы из Армейские дни рождения . Центр военной истории армии США .

Дальнейшее чтение

Более полный список см. в «Библиографии военной истории США» .

• Бэйли, Бет. Армия Америки: Создание полностью добровольческих сил (2009) ISBN   0674035364
• Блюм, Раймонд К. младший; Андраде, Дейл; Джейкобс, Брюс; Ланжелье, Джон; Ньюэлл, Клейтон Р.; Зелинджер, Мэтью (2004). Армия США: Полная история (изд. Изящное искусство). Округ Арлингтон, Вирджиния: Армейский исторический фонд. п. 744. ИСБН  978-0-88363-640-4 .
• Чемберс, Джон Уайтклей, изд. Оксфордский путеводитель по американской военной истории (1999), онлайн во многих библиотеках.
• Кларк, Дж. П. Подготовка к войне: появление современной армии США, 1815–1917 гг. (Гарвардский университет, 2017 г.), 336 стр.
• Коффман, Эдвард М. Война, которая положит конец всем войнам: американский военный опыт в Первой мировой войне (1998), стандартная история
• Кретчик, Уолтер Э. Доктрина армии США: от американской революции к войне с террором (University Press of Kansas; 2011) 392 страницы; изучает военную доктрину четырех разных эпох: с 1779–1904, 1905–1944, 1944–1962 и с 1962 года по настоящее время.
• Куимби, Роберт С., Армия США в войне 1812 года: оперативное и командное исследование (1997).
• Вудворд, Дэвид Р. Американская армия и Первая мировая война (Cambridge University Press, 2014). 484 стр. онлайн-обзор

• «Награда за доблестный отряд «Буря в пустыне / Щит» (VUA)» . Центр военной истории армии США. Архивировано из оригинала 13 декабря 2014 года . Проверено 26 декабря 2014 г.

Внешние ссылки

• Официальный сайт
• Army.mil/photos – избранные фотографии армии США.
• Коллекция армии США ( архивировано 2 июля 2013 г. в Wayback Machine ) - Музей истории Миссури.
• Поиск вспомогательных средств для исследования армии США . Архивировано 9 ноября 2010 года в Wayback Machine (составлено Центром военной истории армии США ).
• US-militaria.com - Армия США во время Второй мировой войны (архивировано 26 декабря 2012 г.)