Джексон, Миссисипи

Эта статья о городе и связанных с ним предметах внутри города. Чтобы узнать о агломерации Джексона, см. Агломерацию Джексона, штат Миссисипи . Чтобы узнать об округе на побережье Мексиканского залива Миссисипи, см. округ Джексон, штат Миссисипи . Чтобы узнать о песне Кид Рока, см. Джексон, Миссисипи (песня) .

Чтобы узнать о других значениях, см. Джексон (значения) .

Джексон
Столица штата
Центр города Джексон Капитолий штата Миссисипи Особняк губернатора Миссисипи Lamar Life Building Old State Capitol Supreme Court of Mississippi One Jackson Place
Flag Seal Logo
Motto:  The City with Soul
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap Interactive map of Jackson
Jackson Location within Mississippi Jackson Location within the United States Show map of MississippiShow map of the United StatesShow all
Coordinates: 32°17′56″N 90°11′05″W
Country	United States
State	Mississippi
Counties	Hinds, Madison, Rankin
Incorporated	1822 (1822)
Named for	Andrew Jackson
Government
• Type	Mayor–Council
• Mayor	Chokwe Antar Lumumba (D)
• Council	show Members Ward 1: Ashby Foote Ward 2: Melvin Priester, Jr. Ward 3: Kenneth Stokes Ward 4: De'Keither Stamps Ward 5: Charles H. Tillman Ward 6: Aaron Banks Ward 7: Virgi Lindsey
Area
• State capital city	113.85 sq mi (294.88 km2)
• Land	111.72 sq mi (289.34 km2)
• Water	2.14 sq mi (5.53 km2)
Elevation	279 ft (85 m)
Population  (2020)
• State capital city	153,701
• Rank	US: 149th
• Density	1,375.82/sq mi (531.21/km2)
• Urban	347,693 (US: 118th)
• Urban density	1,466.1/sq mi (566.1/km2)
• Metro	591,978 (US: 99th)
Demonym	Jacksonian
Time zone	UTC−6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes	39201-39213, 39215-39218, 39225, 39232, 39236, 39250, 39269, 39271-39272, 39282-39284, 39286, 39288-39289, 39296, 39298
Area codes	601/769
FIPS code	28-36000
GNIS feature ID	0711543
Website	jacksonms.gov
For additional city data see City-Data

Джексон — столица и самый густонаселенный город штата Миссисипи американского . Наряду с Рэймондом , Джексон является одним из двух административных центров округа Хиндс . , население города составляло 153 701 человек По данным переписи 2020 года , что значительно меньше, чем 173 514 человек, или на 11,42%, с момента переписи 2010 года , что представляет собой самое большое сокращение численности населения за десятилетие среди всех крупных городов США . Джексон является якорем столичного статистического района Джексона , крупнейшего мегаполиса, полностью расположенного на территории штата, и десятого по величине городского района на Глубоком Юге . В столичном Джексоне с населением в 2020 году почти 600 000 человек проживает более одной пятой населения Миссисипи. Город расположен на берегу Жемчужной реки и расположен в районе больших прерий Джексона в штате Миссисипи. Джексон — единственный город в Миссисипи с населением, превышающим 100 000 человек.

Founded in 1821 as new state capital for Mississippi, Jackson is named after General Andrew Jackson, a war hero in the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812 and subsequently the seventh U.S. president. Following the Battle of Vicksburg, which was fought near Jackson during the American Civil War in 1863, Union forces commanded by General William Tecumseh Sherman launched the siege of Jackson and set the city on fire.

During the 1920s, Jackson surpassed Meridian to become the most populous city in the state following a speculative natural gas boom in the region. The current slogan for the city is "The City with Soul". It has had numerous musicians prominent in blues, gospel, folk, and jazz. The city is located in the deep south halfway between Memphis and New Orleans on Interstate 55 and Dallas and Atlanta on Interstate 20.

The city has a number of museums and cultural institutions, including the Mississippi Children's Museum, Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, Mississippi Civil Rights Museum, Mississippi Museum of Art, Old Capital Museum, Museum of Mississippi History. Other notable locations are the Mississippi Coliseum and the Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium, home of the Jackson State Tigers football team.

In 2020, the Jackson metropolitan area held a GDP of 30 billion dollars, accounting for 29% of the state's total GDP of 104.1 billion dollars.

History

See also: Timeline of Jackson, Mississippi

The entire Choctaw Nation's location and size compared to the U.S. state of Mississippi

Founding and antebellum period (to 1860)

Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the United States and the city's namesake

Located on the historic Natchez Trace trade route, created by Native Americans and used by European American settlers, and on the Pearl River, the city's first European American settler was Louis LeFleur, a French-Canadian trader. The village became known as LeFleur's Bluff. During the late 18th century and early 19th century, this site had a trading post. It was connected to markets in Tennessee. Soldiers returning to Tennessee from the military campaigns near New Orleans in 1815 built a public road that connected Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana to this district. A United States treaty with the Choctaw, the Treaty of Doak's Stand in 1820, formally opened the area for non-Native American settlers.

LeFleur's Bluff was developed when it was chosen as the site for the new state's capital city. The Mississippi General Assembly decided in 1821 that the state needed a centrally located capital (the legislature was then located in Natchez). They commissioned Thomas Hinds, James Patton, and William Lattimore to look for a suitable site. The absolute center of the state was a swamp, so the group had to widen their search.

After surveying areas north and east of Jackson, they proceeded southwest along with the Pearl River until they reached LeFleur's Bluff in today's Hinds County. Their report to the General Assembly stated that this location had beautiful and healthful surroundings, good water, abundant timber, navigable waters, and proximity to the Natchez Trace. The Assembly passed an act on November 28, 1821, authorizing the site as the permanent seat of the government of the state of Mississippi. On the same day, it passed a resolution to instruct the Washington delegation to press Congress for a donation of public lands on the river for improved navigation to the Gulf of Mexico. One Whig politician lamented the new capital as a "serious violation of principle" because it was not at the absolute center of the state.

The capital was named for General Andrew Jackson, to honor his January 1815 victory at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. He was later elected as the seventh president of the United States.

The city of Jackson was originally planned, in April 1822, by Peter Aaron Van Dorn in a "checkerboard" pattern advocated by Thomas Jefferson. City blocks alternated with parks and other open spaces. Over time, many of the park squares have been developed rather than maintained as green space. The state legislature first met in Jackson on December 23, 1822. In 1839, the Mississippi Legislature passed the first state law in the U.S. to permit married women to own and administer their own property.

Jackson was connected by public road to Vicksburg and Clinton in 1826. Jackson was first connected by railroad to other cities in 1840. An 1844 map shows Jackson linked by an east–west rail line running between Vicksburg, Raymond, and Brandon. Unlike Vicksburg, Greenville, and Natchez, Jackson is not located on the Mississippi River, and it did not develop during the antebellum era as those cities did from major river commerce. The construction of railroad lines to the city sparked its growth in the decades following the American Civil War.

American Civil War

September 1863 map of the siege of Jackson

Despite its small population, during the Civil War, Jackson became a strategic center of manufacturing for the Confederacy. In 1863, during the military campaign which ended in the capture of Vicksburg, Union forces captured Jackson during two battles—once before the fall of Vicksburg and once after the fall of Vicksburg.

On May 13, 1863, Union forces won the first Battle of Jackson, forcing Confederate forces to flee northward towards Canton. On May 14, Union troops under the command of William Tecumseh Sherman burned and looted key facilities in Jackson, a strategic manufacturing and railroad center for the Confederacy. After driving the Confederate forces out of Jackson, Union forces turned west and engaged the Vicksburg defenders at the Battle of Champion Hill in nearby Edwards. The Union forces began their siege of Vicksburg soon after their victory at Champion Hill. Confederate forces began to reassemble in Jackson in preparation for an attempt to break through the Union lines surrounding Vicksburg and end the siege. The Confederate forces in Jackson built defensive fortifications encircling the city while preparing to march west to Vicksburg.

Confederate forces marched out of Jackson in early July 1863 to break the siege of Vicksburg. But, unknown to them, Vicksburg had already surrendered on July 4, 1863. General Ulysses S. Grant dispatched General Sherman to meet the Confederate forces heading west from Jackson. Upon learning that Vicksburg had already surrendered, the Confederates retreated into Jackson. Union forces began the siege of Jackson, which lasted for approximately one week. Union forces encircled the city and began an artillery bombardment. One of the Union artillery emplacements has been preserved on the grounds of the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson. Another Federal position is preserved on the campus of Millsaps College. John C. Breckinridge, former United States vice president, served as one of the Confederate generals defending Jackson. On July 16, 1863, Confederate forces slipped out of Jackson during the night and retreated across the Pearl River.

Union forces completely burned the city after its capture this second time. The city was called "Chimneyville" because only the chimneys of houses were left standing. The northern line of Confederate defenses in Jackson during the siege was located along a road near downtown Jackson, now known as Fortification Street.

Engraving from Harper's Weekly, June 20, 1863, after the capture of Jackson by Union forces during the American Civil War

Mississippi Old Capitol, downtown Jackson

Because of the siege and following destruction, few antebellum structures have survived in Jackson. The Governor's Mansion, built in 1842, served as Sherman's headquarters and has been preserved. Another is the Old Capitol building, which served as the home of the Mississippi state legislature from 1839 to 1903. The Mississippi legislature passed the ordinance of secession from the Union there on January 9, 1861, becoming the second state to secede from the United States. The Jackson City Hall, built in 1846 for less than $8,000, also survived. It is said that Sherman, a Mason, spared it because it housed a Masonic Lodge, though a more likely reason is that it housed an army hospital.

Reconstruction

During Reconstruction, African Americans were granted civil rights. Schools were established and African Americans held political offices. Eugene Welborne, Charles Reese, Weldon Hicks, and George Caldwell Granberry were among the legislators who represented Hinds County in the legislature. African Americans also served in local offices, as judges, and as marshalls.

Mississippi had considerable insurgent action, as whites struggled to maintain white supremacy. Jackson's appointed mayor Joseph G. Crane was stabbed to death in 1869. The assailant, Edward M. Yerger, was arrested by military authorities but, after a U.S. Supreme Court case (Ex parte Yerger), he was bonded out, moved to Baltimore and was never tried.

The economic recovery from the Civil War was slow through the start of the 20th century, but there were some developments in transportation. In 1871, the city introduced mule-drawn streetcars which ran on State Street, which were replaced by electric ones in 1899. In 1875, the Red Shirts were formed, one of the second waves of insurgent paramilitary organizations that essentially operated as "the military arm of the Democratic Party" to take back political power from the Republicans and to drive black people from the polls (Mississippi Plan).

Post-Reconstruction

Democrats regained control of the state legislature in 1876. The constitutional convention of 1890, which produced Mississippi's Constitution of 1890, was held at the capitol. This was the first of new constitutions or amendments ratified in each Southern state through 1908 that effectively disenfranchised most African Americans and many poor whites, through provisions making voter registration more difficult: such as poll taxes, residency requirements, and literacy tests. These provisions survived a Supreme Court challenge in 1898. As 20th-century Supreme Court decisions later ruled such provisions were unconstitutional, Mississippi and other Southern states rapidly devised new methods to continue disfranchisement of most black people, who comprised a majority in the state until the 1930s. Their exclusion from politics was maintained into the late 1960s.

The so-called New Capitol replaced the older structure upon its completion in 1903. Today the Old Capitol is operated as a historical museum.

Early 20th century (1901–1960)

Panorama of downtown Jackson in 1910. The Old Capitol and Capitol Street can be seen at the center of the photo. The New Capital is at the left.

Map of Jackson in 1919

April 16, 1921, flood on Town Creek, a tributary of the Pearl River in Jackson. The photo is a view of East Capitol Street looking east from North Farish Street.

Standard Life Building at night, downtown Jackson

Author Eudora Welty was born in Jackson in 1909, lived most of her life in the Belhaven section of the city, and died there in 2001. Her memoir of development as a writer, One Writer's Beginnings (1984), presented a picture of the city in the early 20th century. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1973 for her novel, The Optimist's Daughter, and is best known for her novels and short stories. The main library of the Jackson/Hinds Library System was named in her honor, and her home has been designated as a National Historic Landmark.

Richard Wright, a highly acclaimed African-American author, lived in Jackson as an adolescent and young man in the 1910s and 1920s. He related his experience in his memoir Black Boy (1945). He described the harsh and largely terror-filled life most African Americans experienced in the South and Northern ghettos such as Chicago under segregation in the early 20th century.

Jackson had significant growth in the early 20th century, which produced dramatic changes in the city's skyline. Jackson's new Union Station downtown reflected the city's service by multiple rail lines, including the Illinois Central.

Across the street, the new, luxurious King Edward Hotel opened its doors in 1923, having been built according to a design by New Orleans architect William T. Nolan. It became a center for prestigious events held by Jackson society and Mississippi politicians. Nearby, the 18-story Standard Life Building, designed in 1929 by Claude Lindsley, was the largest reinforced concrete structure in the world upon its completion.

Jackson's economic growth was further stimulated in the 1930s by the discovery of natural gas fields nearby. Speculators had begun searching for oil and natural gas in Jackson beginning in 1920. The initial drilling attempts came up empty. This failure did not stop Ella Render from obtaining a lease from the state's insane asylum to begin a well on its grounds in 1924, where he found natural gas. (Render eventually lost the rights when courts determined that the asylum did not have the right to lease the state's property.) Businessmen jumped on the opportunity and dug wells in the Jackson area. The continued success of these ventures attracted further investment. By 1930, there were 14 derricks in the Jackson skyline.

Mississippi Governor Theodore Bilbo stated:

It is no idle dream to prophesy that the state's share [of the oil and natural gas profits] properly safe-guarded would soon pay the state's entire bonded indebtedness and even be great enough to defray all the state's expenses and make our state tax free so long as obligations are concerned.

This enthusiasm was subdued when the first wells failed to produce oil of a sufficiently high gravity for commercial success. The barrels of oil had considerable amounts of saltwater, which lessened the quality. The governor's prediction was wrong in hindsight, but the oil and natural gas industry did provide an economic boost for the city and state. The effects of the Great Depression were mitigated by the industry's success. At its height in 1934, there were 113 producing wells in the state. The overwhelming majority were closed by 1955.

Due to provisions in the federal Rivers and Harbors Act, on October 25, 1930, city leaders met with U.S. Army engineers to ask for federal help to alleviate Jackson flooding. J.J. Halbert, city engineer, proposed a straightening and dredging of the Pearl River below Jackson.

Jackson's Gold Coast

During Mississippi's extended Prohibition period, from the 1920s until the 1960s, illegal drinking and gambling casinos flourished on the east side of the Pearl River, in Flowood along with the original U.S. Route 80 just across from the city of Jackson. Those illegal casinos, bootleg liquor stores, and nightclubs made up the Gold Coast, a strip of mostly black-market businesses that operated for decades along Flowood Road. Although outside the law, the Gold Coast was a thriving center of nightlife and music, with many local blues musicians appearing regularly in the clubs.

The Gold Coast declined and businesses disappeared after Mississippi's prohibition laws were repealed in 1966, allowing Hinds County, including Jackson, to go "wet". In addition, integration drew off business from establishments that earlier had catered to African Americans, such as the Summers Hotel. When it opened in 1943 on Pearl Street, it was one of two hotels in the city that served black clients. For years its Subway Lounge was a prime performance spot for black musicians playing jazz and blues.

In another major change, in 1990 the state-approved gaming on riverboats. Numerous casinos have been developed on riverboats, mostly in Mississippi Delta towns such as Tunica Resorts, Greenville, and Vicksburg, as well as Biloxi on the Gulf Coast. Before the damage and losses due to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the state ranked second nationally in gambling revenues.

World War II and later development

During World War II, Hawkins Field (at that time, also known as the Jackson Army Airbase) the American 21st, 309th, and 310th Bomber Groups that were stationed at the base were re-deployed for combat. Following the German invasion of the Netherlands and the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, between 688 and 800 members of the Dutch Airforce escaped to the UK or Australia for training and, out of necessity, were eventually given permission by the United States to make use of Hawkins Field.

From May 1942 until the end of the war, all Dutch military aircrews trained at the base and went on to serve in either the British or Australian Air Forces.

In 1949, the poet Margaret Walker began teaching at Jackson State University, a historically black college. She taught there until 1979 and founded the university's Center for African-American Studies. Her poetry collection won a Yale Younger Poets Prize. Her second novel, Jubilee (1966), is considered a major work of African-American literature. She has influenced many younger writers.

Civil rights movement in Jackson

The civil rights movement had been active for decades, particularly mounting legal challenges to Mississippi's constitution and laws that disfranchised black people. Beginning in 1960, Jackson as the state capital became the site for dramatic non-violent protests in a new phase of activism that brought in a wide variety of participants in the performance of mass demonstrations.

In 1960, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Jackson's population as 64.3% white and 35.7% black. At the time, public facilities were segregated and Jim Crow was in effect. Efforts to desegregate Jackson facilities began when nine Tougaloo College students tried to read books in the "white only" public library and were arrested. Founded as a historically black college (HBCU) by the American Missionary Association after the Civil War, Tougaloo College helped organize both black and white students of the region to work together for civil rights. It created partnerships with the neighboring mostly white Millsaps College to work with student activists. It has been recognized as a site on the "Civil Rights Trail" by the National Park Service.

Old Greyhound Bus Station

The mass demonstrations of the 1960s were initiated with the arrival of more than 300 Freedom Riders on May 24, 1961. They were arrested in Jackson for disturbing the peace after they disembarked from their interstate buses. The interracial teams rode the buses from Washington, D.C., and sat together to demonstrate against segregation on public transportation, as the Constitution provides for unrestricted public transportation. Although the Freedom Riders had intended New Orleans as their final destination, Jackson was the farthest that any managed to travel. New participants kept joining the movement, as they intended to fill the jails in Jackson with their protest. The riders had encountered extreme violence along the way, including a bus burning and physical assaults. They attracted national media attention to the struggle for constitutional rights.

After the Freedom Rides, students and activists of the Freedom Movement launched a series of merchant boycotts, sit-ins and protest marches, from 1961 to 1963. Businesses discriminated against black customers. For instance, at the time, department stores did not hire black salesclerks or allow black customers to use their fitting rooms to try on clothes, or lunch counters for meals while in the store, but they wanted them to shop in their stores.

In Jackson, shortly after midnight on June 12, 1963, Medgar Evers, civil rights activist and leader of the Mississippi chapter of the NAACP, was assassinated by Byron De La Beckwith, a white supremacist associated with the White Citizens' Council. Thousands marched in Evers' funeral procession to protest the killing. Two trials at the time both resulted in hung juries. A portion of U.S. Highway 49, all of Delta Drive, a library, the central post office for the city, and Jackson–Evers International Airport were named in honor of Medgar Evers. In 1994, prosecutors Ed Peters and Bobby DeLaughter finally obtained a murder conviction in a state trial of De La Beckwith based on new evidence.

During 1963 and 1964, civil rights organizers gathered residents for voter education and voter registration. Black people had been essentially disfranchised since 1890. In a pilot project in 1963, activists rapidly registered 80,000 voters across the state, demonstrating the desire of African Americans to vote. In 1964 they created the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party as an alternative to the all-white state Democratic Party, and sent an alternate slate of candidates to the national Democratic Party convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, that year.

Segregation and the disfranchisement of African Americans gradually ended after the Civil Rights Movement gained Congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965. In June 1966, Jackson was the terminus of the James Meredith March, organized by James Meredith, the first African American to enroll at the University of Mississippi. The march, which began in Memphis, Tennessee, was an attempt to garner support for full implementation of civil rights in practice, following the legislation. It was accompanied by a new drive to register African Americans to vote in Mississippi. In this latter goal, it succeeded in registering between 2,500 and 3,000 black Mississippians to vote. The march ended on June 26 after Meredith, who had been wounded by a sniper's bullet earlier on the march, addressed a large rally of some 15,000 people in Jackson.

In September 1967 a Ku Klux Klan chapter bombed the synagogue of the Beth Israel Congregation in Jackson, and in November bombed the house of its rabbi, Dr. Perry Nussbaum. He and his congregation had supported civil rights.

Gradually the old barriers came down. Since that period, both whites and African Americans in the state have had a consistently high rate of voter registration and turnout. Following the decades of the Great Migration, when more than one million black people left the rural South, since the 1930s the state has been majority white in total population. African Americans are a majority in the city of Jackson, although the metropolitan area is majority white. African Americans are also a majority in several cities and counties of the Mississippi Delta, which are included in the 2nd congressional district. The other three congressional districts are majority white.

Mid-1960s to present

The first successful cadaveric lung transplant was performed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson in June 1963 by Dr. James Hardy. Hardy transplanted the cadaveric lung into a patient suffering from lung cancer. The patient survived for eighteen days before dying of kidney failure.

In 1966 it was estimated that recurring flood damage at Jackson from the Pearl River averaged nearly a million dollars per year. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers spent $6.8 million on levees and a new channel in 1966 before the project completion to prevent a flood equal to the December 1961 event plus an additional foot.

Since 1968, Jackson has been the home of Malaco Records, one of the leading record companies for gospel, blues, and soul music in the United States. In January 1973, Paul Simon recorded the songs "Learn How to Fall" and "Take Me to the Mardi Gras", found on the album There Goes Rhymin' Simon, in Jackson at the Malaco Recording Studios. Many well-known Southern artists recorded on the album, including the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section (David Hood, Jimmy Johnson, Roger Hawkins, Barry Beckett), Carson Whitsett, the Onward Brass Band from New Orleans, and others. The label has recorded many leading soul and blues artists, including Bobby Bland, ZZ Hill, Latimore, Shirley Brown, Denise LaSalle, and Tyrone Davis.

On May 15, 1970, Jackson police killed two students and wounded twelve at Jackson State College after a protest of the Vietnam War included students' overturning and burning some cars. These killings occurred eleven days after the National Guard killed four students in an anti-war protest at Kent State University in Ohio, and were part of national social unrest. Newsweek cited the Jackson State killings in its issue of May 18 when it suggested that U.S. President Richard Nixon faced a new home front.

The influx of illegal drugs occurred nationally as smugglers used the highways, seaports, and airports of the Gulf region. The 1980s in Jackson were dominated by Mayor Dale Danks Jr. until he was unseated by lawyer and legislator J. Kane Ditto, who criticized the deficit funding and the politicized police department of the city. Federal investigations of drug trafficking at Jackson's Hawkins Field airport were a part of the Kerry Report, the 1986 U.S. Senate investigation of public corruption and foreign relations.

As Jackson has become the medical and legal center of the state, it has attracted Jewish professionals in both fields. Since the late 20th century, it has developed the largest Jewish community in the state.

In 1997, Harvey Johnson, Jr. was elected as Jackson's first African-American mayor. During his term, he proposed the development of a convention center to attract more business to the city. In 2004, during his second term, 66 percent of the voters passed a referendum for a tax to build the Convention Center.

Mayor Johnson was replaced by Frank Melton on July 4, 2005. Melton generated controversy through his unconventional behavior, which included acting as a law enforcement officer. A dramatic spike in crime ensued during his term, despite Melton's efforts to reduce crime. The lack of jobs contributed to crime. In 2006 a young African-American businessman, Starsky Darnell Redd, was convicted of money laundering in federal court along with his mother, other associates, and Billy Tucker, the former airport security chief.

In 2007, Hinds County sheriff Malcolm McMillin was appointed as the new police chief in Jackson, setting a historic precedent. McMillin was both the county sheriff and city police chief until 2009, when he stepped down due to disagreements with the mayor. Mayor Frank Melton died in May 2009, and City Councilman Leslie McLemore served as acting mayor of Jackson until July 2009, when former Mayor Harvey Johnson was elected and assumed the position.

On June 26, 2011, 49-year-old James Craig Anderson was killed in Jackson after being beaten, robbed, and run over by a group of white teenagers. The district attorney described it as a "hate crime", and the FBI investigated it as a civil rights violation.

On March 18, 2013, a severe hailstorm hit the Jackson metro area. The hail caused major damage to roofs, vehicles, and building siding. Hail ranged in size from golfball to softball. There were more than 40,000 hailstorm claims of homeowner and automobile damage.

In 2013, Jackson was named as one of the top 10 friendliest cities in the United States by CN Traveler. The capital city was tied with Natchez as Number 7. The city was noticed for friendly people, great food, and green and pretty public places.

On July 1, 2013, Chokwe Lumumba was sworn into office as mayor of the city. After eight months in office, Lumumba died on February 25, 2014. Lumumba was a popular yet controversial figure due to his prior membership in the Republic of New Afrika, as well as being a co-founder of the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America.

Lumumba's son, Chokwe Antar Lumumba, ran for the mayoral seat following his father's death, but lost to Councillor Tony Yarber on April 22, 2014. In 2017, however, Chokwe Antar Lumumba ran for mayor again, and won. Following his victory, on June 26 he was interviewed by Amy Goodman on Democracy Now!, at which time he declared a commitment to make Jackson the "Most Radical City on the Planet".

For several years, the city water supply failed to meet federal drinking water standards and was subject to many boil water orders in 2021 and 2022. Due to deteriorating water infrastructure, some parts of the city experienced low water pressure, and in some neighborhoods residents reported untreated sewage flowing in city streets. In August 2022, Jackson lost access to water when its largest water treatment plant failed, leaving tap water untreated.

Geography

Photograph of Jackson Mississippi taken from the International Space Station

Jackson is located primarily in northeastern Hinds County, with small portions in Madison and Rankin counties. The city of Jackson also includes around 3,000 acres (12.1 km²) comprising Jackson-Medgar Evers International Airport in Rankin County and a small portion of Madison County. The Pearl River forms most of the eastern border of the city. A small portion of the city containing Tougaloo College is the portion of Jackson that lies in Madison County, bounded on the west by Interstate 220 and on the east by the U.S. Route 51 and Interstate 55. In the 2010 census, only 622 of the city's residents lived in Madison County, and only 1 lived within the city limits in Rankin County. The city is bordered to the north by Ridgeland in Madison County, to the northeast by Ross Barnett Reservoir on the Pearl River, to the east by Flowood and Richland in Rankin County, to the south by Byram in Hinds County, and to the west by Clinton in Hinds County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 113.2 square miles (293.3 km²), of which 111.0 square miles (287.6 km²) are land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km²), or 1.94% of the total, are water.

Cityscape

Downtown Jackson from Mississippi Baptist Hospital in June 2020

Downtown Jackson is situated directly on the banks of the Pearl River. The downtown district has direct connections to both Interstate 55 via Pearl Street and Pasagoula Street and Interstate 20 via State Street (US 51). Much of the downtown was constructed before the 1980s and only small additions to the skyline have been made since then.

Major highways

• Interstate 55
• Interstate 20
• Interstate 220
• US 51
• US 49
• US 80

Geology

For the most part, Jackson is built on acidic, variably drained silt loam soil. Loess forms the topsoil in western sections, where the Loring soil series is common. The Tippo series, also a silt loam, is found in the central flood plain. Farther east, common soil series include Guyton silt loam, Providence silt loam and Smithdale fine sandy loam.

Jackson structure map

Jackson sits atop the extinct Jackson Volcano, located 2,900 feet (880 m) underground. It is the only capital city in the United States to have this feature. The buried peak of the volcano is located directly below the Mississippi Coliseum. The municipality is drained on the west by tributaries of the Big Black River and on the east by the Pearl River, which is 150 feet (46 m) higher than the Big Black near Canton. The artesian groundwater flow is not as extensive in Jackson for this reason. The first large-scale well was drilled in the city in 1896, and the city water supply has relied on surface water resources.

Climate

Jackson is located in the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen Cfa). Rain occurs throughout the year, though the winter and spring are the wettest seasons, while September and October are usually the driest months. Snow is rare, and accumulation very seldom lasts more than a day. Average annual precipitation is 57.35 inches (1,457 mm), see climate table. Much of Jackson's rainfall occurs during thunderstorms. Thunder is heard on roughly 70 days each year. Jackson lies in a region prone to severe thunderstorms which can produce large hail, damaging winds, and tornadoes. Among the most notable tornado events was the F5 Candlestick Park tornado on March 3, 1966, which destroyed the shopping center of the same name and surrounding businesses and residential areas, killing 19 in South Jackson.

The record low temperature is −5 °F (−21 °C), set on January 27, 1940, and the record high is 107 °F (42 °C), recorded on September 6–7, 1925, July 29, 1930, and August 30, 2000.

showClimate data for Jackson–Evers International Airport, Mississippi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1896–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	85 (29)	89 (32)	95 (35)	94 (34)	100 (38)	105 (41)	107 (42)	107 (42)	107 (42)	98 (37)	89 (32)	84 (29)	107 (42)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	75.2 (24.0)	78.6 (25.9)	83.5 (28.6)	86.8 (30.4)	91.9 (33.3)	95.9 (35.5)	98.0 (36.7)	98.6 (37.0)	95.6 (35.3)	89.7 (32.1)	81.7 (27.6)	76.7 (24.8)	99.7 (37.6)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	57.4 (14.1)	62.0 (16.7)	69.4 (20.8)	76.5 (24.7)	83.8 (28.8)	89.9 (32.2)	92.1 (33.4)	92.2 (33.4)	87.8 (31.0)	78.3 (25.7)	67.2 (19.6)	59.6 (15.3)	76.4 (24.7)
Daily mean °F (°C)	47.0 (8.3)	50.9 (10.5)	57.9 (14.4)	64.9 (18.3)	72.9 (22.7)	79.6 (26.4)	82.1 (27.8)	81.8 (27.7)	76.9 (24.9)	66.2 (19.0)	55.4 (13.0)	49.1 (9.5)	65.4 (18.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	36.6 (2.6)	39.8 (4.3)	46.4 (8.0)	53.3 (11.8)	62.1 (16.7)	69.4 (20.8)	72.2 (22.3)	71.5 (21.9)	66.0 (18.9)	54.2 (12.3)	43.6 (6.4)	38.7 (3.7)	54.5 (12.5)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	19.2 (−7.1)	23.5 (−4.7)	28.6 (−1.9)	36.7 (2.6)	46.9 (8.3)	59.4 (15.2)	65.3 (18.5)	63.6 (17.6)	51.7 (10.9)	36.8 (2.7)	27.3 (−2.6)	22.9 (−5.1)	17.6 (−8.0)
Record low °F (°C)	−5 (−21)	1 (−17)	15 (−9)	27 (−3)	36 (2)	47 (8)	51 (11)	54 (12)	35 (2)	26 (−3)	15 (−9)	4 (−16)	−5 (−21)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	5.42 (138)	5.10 (130)	5.68 (144)	5.84 (148)	4.36 (111)	4.43 (113)	5.02 (128)	4.69 (119)	3.48 (88)	3.80 (97)	4.40 (112)	5.13 (130)	57.35 (1,457)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	0.1 (0.25)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.25)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.4 (1.0)	0.6 (1.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	9.8	9.6	9.9	8.6	8.9	9.8	11.3	10.6	6.6	7.1	8.5	9.8	110.5
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.5
Average relative humidity (%)	76.2	73.2	71.1	71.5	73.8	73.6	76.9	77.0	77.3	74.8	75.9	76.5	74.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours	154.5	165.3	223.5	251.1	276.2	298.5	283.4	273.1	232.7	235.2	174.0	152.1	2,719.6
Percent possible sunshine	48	53	60	65	65	70	65	66	63	67	55	49	61
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1850	1,881		—
1860	3,191		69.6%
1870	4,234		32.7%
1880	5,204		22.9%
1890	5,920		13.8%
1900	7,816		32.0%
1910	21,262		172.0%
1920	22,817		7.3%
1930	48,282		111.6%
1940	62,107		28.6%
1950	98,271		58.2%
1960	144,422		47.0%
1970	153,968		6.6%
1980	202,895		31.8%
1990	196,637		−3.1%
2000	184,286		−6.3%
2010	173,514		−5.8%
2020	153,701		−11.4%
2022 (est.)	145,995		−5.0%
U.S. Decennial Census 2020 census

Jackson remained a small town for much of the 19th century. Before the American Civil War, Jackson's population remained small, particularly in contrast to the river towns along the commerce-laden Mississippi River. Despite the city's status as the state capital, the 1850 census counted only 1,881 residents, excluding slaves, which were not returned separately.

By 1900 the population of Jackson was still less than 8,000. Although it expanded rapidly, during this period Meridian became Mississippi's largest city, based on trade, manufacturing, and access to transportation via railroad and highway.

In the early 20th century, Jackson had its largest rates of growth but ranked second to Meridian in Mississippi. By 1944, Jackson's population had risen to some 70,000 inhabitants, and it became the largest city in the state. For several decades, Jackson had the most thriving business districts and the largest public school system in Mississippi. It achieved its peak population in the 1980 census of more than 200,000 residents in the city. Since 1980, Jackson has declined in population due to several factors while its surrounding suburban population has increased.

Race and ethnicity

Jackson city, Mississippi – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	50,679	31,194	25,424	27.50%	17.98%	16.54%
Black or African American alone (NH)	129,609	137,265	120,727	70.34%	79.11%	78.55%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	213	232	237	0.12%	0.13%	0.15%
Asian alone (NH)	1,045	660	751	0.57%	0.38%	0.49%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	18	18	30	0.01%	0.01%	0.02%
Some Other Race alone (NH)	128	99	362	0.07%	0.06%	0.24%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)	1,113	1,323	2,951	0.60%	0.76%	1.92%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	1,451	2,723	3,219	0.79%	1.57%	2.09%
Total	184,256	173,514	153,701	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

Map of racial distribution in Jackson, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: ⬤ White ⬤ Black ⬤ Asian ⬤ Hispanic ⬤ Other

According to the 2010 census, the racial and ethnic makeup of the city was predominantly Black and African American, and non-Hispanic white; in 2020, they remained the largest racial and ethnic composition for the city. This Hispanic or Latino population is the fastest growing racial and ethnic group in the city.

Income

According to census statistics in 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $30,414, and the median income for a family was $36,003. Males had a median income of $29,166 versus $23,328 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,116. About 19.6% of families and 23.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.7% of those under age 18 and 15.7% of those age 65 or over. At the publication of the 2020 American Community Survey, the city's median household income increased to $35,070; families had a median income of $44,348, married-couple families $74,893, and non-families $22,061.

Преступление

Высокая преступная активность, особенно количество убийств, является серьезной повторяющейся проблемой в городе. Криминальный кризис оказал негативное влияние на экономику и население города. Большая часть Джексона считается продовольственной пустыней , поскольку важные продуктовые магазины и рестораны закрылись или покинули город, поскольку с 2000 года участились воровство и другие преступления.

В 2020 году уровень убийств в городе достиг самого высокого уровня в истории: 79,69 убийств на 100 000 жителей, всего 128 убийств. Из крупных городов США только Сент-Луис превзошел Джексон по уровню убийств. Уровень убийств в 2020 году стал значительным скачком после нескольких лет снижения уровня убийств в начале 2000-х годов. Преступность против собственности остается намного ниже, чем в 1990-е годы, и в целом насильственная преступность не выросла так значительно, как количество убийств, в последние годы и находится ниже пика 1994 года по состоянию на 2020 год.

В 2021 году было зарегистрировано рекордное количество убийств (155), причем показатель 101 на 100 000 стал самым высоким в США. В конце 2020 года начальник полиции Джеймс Дэвис вместе с мэром и другими руководителями города представили концепцию виртуальной полиции. После нескольких месяцев борьбы за продвижение этой концепции шеф Дэвис начал переговоры с Эриком Б. Фоксом, ветераном полиции Джексона, о возвращении в отдел. Fox официально вернулся в январе 2022 года и запустил новую концепцию — Командный центр реального времени.

Также в 2021 году полицейское управление Джексона заявило, что в городе существует серьезная проблема с уличными бандами , которые являются основной причиной насильственных преступлений. Банды в городе присутствуют с 1980-х годов, но с годами их количество, похоже, выросло. Несколько банд из Чикаго обосновались в городе и активно участвуют в территориальных войнах, связанных с торговлей наркотиками, и многих других преступлениях.

В 2022 году второй год подряд у Джексона был самый высокий уровень убийств на душу населения в США.

В 2023 году мэр Лумумба объявил об открытии Центра преступности Джексона, который представляет собой учреждение, в котором размещены камеры наблюдения, стратегически расположенные по всему городу, чтобы лучше выявлять преступников и привлекать их к ответственности за свои действия. В полицейском управлении Джексона не хватает сотрудников, поэтому центр будет помогать департаменту в работе по увеличению набора и удержания сотрудников. Также в 2023 году количество убийств в Джексоне снизилось на 15%, но в городе по-прежнему оставался самый высокий в стране уровень убийств на душу населения.

В феврале 2024 года губернатор Ривз объявил о новом, более жестком плане по снижению уровня безудержной преступности в городе и защите невинных жителей.

Экономика

Джексон является домом для нескольких крупных отраслей промышленности; к ним относятся электрооборудование и машины, обработанные пищевые продукты, а также первичные и готовые металлические изделия. Окрестности поддерживают развитие сельского хозяйства в области животноводства, выращивания сои, хлопка и птицы.

По данным правительства города, в тройку крупнейших работодателей Джексона входят Медицинский центр Университета Миссисипи , государственные школы Джексона и Nissan North America . по состоянию на 2020 год Другие известные корпорации с большим присутствием в городе и районе включают C Spire и Amazon в соседнем округе Мэдисон .

В городе находится компания «Кооператив Джексон» , которая является средством экономического развития кооперативного бизнеса, принадлежащего работникам . Организация привела к созданию нескольких предприятий, в том числе поставщика услуг по уходу за газонами The Green Team, органической фермы Freedom Farms, типографии Центра общественного производства и Центра Балагун, который является кооперативным бизнес-инкубатором .

Искусство и культура

Талия Мара Холл в Джексоне, Миссисипи

Джексон является домом для ряда культурных и художественных достопримечательностей, в том числе следующих:

• Балет Миссисипи
• Общество кельтского наследия Миссисипи
• Киносообщество «Перекресток» и его ежегодный кинофестиваль
• Международный музей мусульманских культур
• Ботанический сад государственного университета Джексона
• Джексонский зоопарк
• Танцевальный проект «Кинетические офорты»
• Студия Света и Стекла
• Центр Маргарет Уокер
• Музей сельского и лесного хозяйства Миссисипи
• Центр искусств Миссисипи
• Хор Миссисипи
• Музей гражданских прав Миссисипи
• Департамент архивов и истории штата Миссисипи , который содержит государственные архивы и записи
• Фонд наследия Миссисипи
• Испаноязычная ассоциация Миссисипи
• Миссисипи Метрополитен Балет
• Художественный музей Миссисипи
• Миссисипи Опера
• Шекспировский фестиваль в Миссисипи
• Симфонический оркестр Миссисипи (MSO), бывший Симфонический оркестр Джексона, основанный в 1944 году.
• Муниципальная художественная галерея
• Музей истории Миссисипи
• Минель Гарденс
• Театр Новая Сцена
• Планетарий Рассела К. Дэвиса
• Музей и культурный центр Смит-Робертсона
• Международный конкурс артистов балета США

Известные рестораны

• Ресторан Булли

Спорт

Мемориальный стадион ветеранов - крупнейший стадион в Джексоне. Его парковкой часто пользуются сотрудники расположенного неподалеку Медицинского центра Университета Миссисипи.

В городе Джексон и его агломерации действуют университетские и полупрофессиональные спортивные команды; Высшей лиги бейсбола в Атланте Брэйвз второстепенный филиал , Миссисипи Брэйвс В этом районе играет . Миссисипи Брилла из второй лиги USL также работает в этом районе. Однако «Миссисипи Брэйвз» покинут город Джексон и перенесут свою команду в конце сезона 2024 года. Они переедут в Колумбус, штат Джорджия.

Правительство и инфраструктура

Гравюра 1874 года в Ежемесячнике Скрибнера о Старом Капитолии, резиденции законодательного собрания Миссисипи с 1839 по 1903 год.

Муниципальное правительство

В 1985 году избиратели Джексона решили заменить систему мэра-комиссара из трех человек городским советом и мэром. Эта избирательная система обеспечивает более широкое представительство жителей в городском совете. Члены городского совета избираются от каждого из семи округов города, которые считаются одномандатными округами. Мэр избирается в целом по городу.

Мэр Джексона - Чокве Антар Лумумба. ( Д ), избранный 3 июля 2017 года.

Информацию о бывших мэрах см. в разделе « Мэр Джексона, штат Массачусетс» .

Членами городского совета Джексона являются:

• Палата 1: Эшби Фут
• Палата 2: Анжелика К. Ли
• Палата 3: Кеннет Стоукс
• Палата 4: Брайан К. Гриззелл
• Палата 5: Вернон В. Хартли
• Палата 6: Аарон Бэнкс
• Палата 7: Вирджи Линдси

Правительство штата

Департамент исправительных учреждений штата Миссисипи (MDOC) управляет Отделением пробации и условно-досрочного освобождения Джексона в Джексоне. MDOC Центральное исправительное учреждение штата Миссисипи в некорпоративном округе Рэнкин , расположен недалеко от Джексона.

Федеральное представительство

Большая часть Джексона является частью 2-го избирательного округа штата Миссисипи. Представитель США Бенни Гордон Томпсон, демократ, занимает эту должность с 1993 года. До 2011 года он был председателем Комитета внутренней безопасности, а с 2011 года является его высокопоставленным членом.[1]

управляет Почтовая служба США главным почтовым отделением Джексона. и несколько небольших почтовых отделений.

Образование

Высшее образование

Группа Университета штата Джексон " The Sonic Boom "

Колледж Миллсапс — одно из нескольких учебных заведений в Джексоне и его окрестностях, основанных до 1900 года.

Джексон является домом для большинства университетских учреждений Миссисипи. Государственный университет Джексона - крупнейшее университетское учреждение в городе, четвертое по величине в штате и единственное исследовательское учреждение, присуждающее докторскую степень, расположенное в своем регионе.

Колледжи и университеты

Источник:

• Государственный университет Джексона
• Колледж Тугалу
• Миллсапс Колледж
• Университет Белхейвена
• Медицинский центр Университета Миссисипи
• Юридический факультет колледжа Миссисипи
• Общественный колледж Хиндса

Начальные и средние школы

Государственные школы

Округ государственных школ Джексона (JPS) управляет 60 государственными школами. Это один из крупнейших школьных округов штата, в котором обучается около 30 000 учащихся в тридцати восьми начальных школах, тринадцати средних школах, семи средних школах и двух специальных школах. Государственные школы Джексона - единственный городской школьный округ в штате.

По состоянию на 2017 год в государственных школах мало детей среднего или высшего класса, поскольку 99% учащихся JPS имеют право на бесплатные или льготные школьные обеды. В 2017 году Сьюзан Вомак, президент организации «Родители государственных школ Джексона» (PPSJ) с 2000 по 2012 год, заявила, что семьи среднего и высшего класса в Джексоне, как правило, покидают государственную школу после начальной школы, а родители, которые остались в Джексоне, записывают своих детей в школу. частную школу, а те, кто хотел продолжать записывать своих детей в государственные школы, переезжали в округ Мэдисон . Примерно в середине 2000-х годов PPSJ решил, что невозможно поощрять родителей из среднего и высшего класса отдавать своих детей в школы JPS.

В состав средних школ округа входят:

• Средняя школа Каллауэя
• Альтернативная школа столицы
• Центр развития карьеры
• Средняя школа Форест-Хилл
• Средняя школа Джима Хилла
• Средняя школа Ланье
• Средняя школа Мурры
• Это из средней школы
• Средняя школа Вингфилда

Хотя большая часть Джексона находится в PSD Джексона, в округе Хиндс есть части, которые находятся в школьном округе округа Хиндс . Эта часть принадлежит средней школе Терри в Терри . Часть Джексона в округе Мэдисон находится в пределах школьного округа округа Мэдисон .

Существуют государственные государственные школы специального назначения K-12;

• Школа для слепых Миссисипи
• Школа для глухих Миссисипи

Частные школы

Частные средние школы включают:

• Средняя школа колледжа Christ Missionary & Industrial (CM&I)
• Христианская школа Хиллкрест
• Академия Джексона
• Академия Вудленд-Хиллз (закрыта)

Некоторые школы находятся в близлежащих муниципалитетах:

• Епископальная средняя и старшая школа Св. Андрея - Северный кампус ( Риджеленд )
• Подготовительная школа Джексона ( Фловуд )
• Школа Веритас ( Риджленд ), закрыта.
• Католическая школа Св. Иосифа ( Мэдисон ) Римско-католической епархии Джексона
• Академия Хартфилда ( Фловуд )
• Академия Мэдисон-Риджленд ( Мэдисон )
• Кантонская академия ( Кантон )
• Академия Три-Каунти ( Флора )
• Центральная академия Хайндс ( Рэймонд )
• Академия Ребула ( Изучено )
• Восточная Академия Ранкина ( Пелахатчи )

Частные начальные школы включают:

• Академия Джексона
• Первая пресвитерианская дневная школа
• Речевая школа Магнолия
• Епископальная нижняя школа Св. Андрея - Южный кампус
• Католическая школа Св. Ричарда
• Католическая школа Святой Терезы

Публичные библиотеки

Библиотечная система Джексона/Хиндса — это библиотечная система Джексона.

Инфраструктура

27 марта 2015 года мэр Джексона Тони Ярбер ввел чрезвычайное положение для транспорта (выбоины) и инфраструктуры водоснабжения (обрывы водопровода). Качество системы водоснабжения Джексона ухудшилось после суровой зимы 2014–2015 годов. Офис Джексона оценил стоимость ремонта дорог и водопроводов в 750–1 миллиард долларов.

После объявления чрезвычайного положения власти города Джексон подали в Министерство здравоохранения письмо о намерении получить кредит в размере 2,5 миллионов долларов на ремонт сломанных водопроводных труб. Городской совет Джексона должен одобрить предложение мэра. Кроме того, мэр Ярбер обратился за помощью как к FEMA, так и к офису губернатора штата.

Призыв к введению чрезвычайного положения увеличивает вероятность того, что Министерство транспорта США предоставит городу деньги со счета «быстрого выпуска».

В конце августа 2022 года Жемчужная река вышла из берегов, затопив большую часть города и загрязнив систему водоснабжения. Мэр Лумумба объявил чрезвычайное положение и закрыл все предприятия и школы.

Транспорт

В 2015 году 11 процентов домохозяйств города Джексон не имели автомобиля, а в 2016 году этот показатель снизился до 7,6 процента. В 2016 году средний показатель по стране составлял 8,7 процента. В 2016 году в Джексоне в среднем насчитывалось 1,68 автомобилей на семью по сравнению со средним показателем по стране 1,8.

В Джексоне увеличивается количество велосипедных дорожек.

Международный аэропорт Джексон-Медгар Уайли Эверс , самый загруженный коммерческий аэропорт в Миссисипи, расположен к востоку от города в округе Рэнкин между Фловудом и Перлом .

Джексона Станция Юнион обслуживает Amtrak ежедневные ночные поезда компании по городу Новый Орлеан из Чикаго в Новый Орлеан. Интермодальная станция также обслуживает междугородние автобусы Greyhound Lines и является основной станцией для муниципальных автобусов Джексона.

Город находится на пересечении основных межгосударственных и федеральных автомагистралей: I-55 с севера на юг , US 49 , US 51 , I-20 с востока на запад и US 80 .

В популярной культуре

В 2011 году ВМС США назвали военный корабль США Джексон (LCS-6) в честь города.

В 2002 году зал Subway (отеля Summers на Золотом Берегу) стал предметом документального фильма под названием « Последний из музыкантов Миссисипи».

популярный фильм «Прислуга» (2011), основанный на бестселлере одноименном Кэтрин Стокетт В Джексоне снимали . По городу проводится самостоятельная экскурсия, состоящая из двух частей, по местам, показанным в фильме и книге.

В песне « Uptown Funk » Марка Ронсона с участием Бруно Марса Джексона упоминается в строках «Хулио! Растянись! Поездка в Гарлем; Голливуд, Джексон, Миссисипи».

В фильме «Вставай », выпущенном в августе 2014 года, некоторые сцены были сняты в Джексоне. и близлежащий Натчез. Фильм основан на жизни Джеймса Брауна .

Фильм «Речь и дебаты» , экранизация одноименной пьесы бродвейского театра , был полностью снят в Джексоне.

Действие песни Чарли Дэниелса « Uneasy Rider » происходит в Джексоне.

Известные люди

См.: Список людей из Миссисипи.

Дальнейшее чтение

• «Восстание Джексона: борьба за экономическую демократию и самоопределение чернокожих в Джексоне, штат Миссисипи» , под редакцией Кали Акуно и Аджаму Нангвая. (2017) Дараджа Пресс. ISBN   978-0-9953474-5-8 .

Библиография

Смотрите также: Библиография по истории Джексона, штат Миссисипи.

Внешние ссылки

• Официальный сайт
• Бюро конгрессов и посетителей Джексона. Архивировано 12 августа 2013 года в Wayback Machine.
• Торговая палата Метро Джексон. Архивировано 27 ноября 2020 года в Wayback Machine.