Абульфеда

Абульфеда
Абульфеда
Рожденный	Ноябрь 1273 ; Дамаск , мамлук султанат
Умер	27 октября 1331 (в возрасте 57 лет) ; Хама , Мамлук Султанат
Оккупация	Географ, историк, принц Айюбид, местный губернатор Хамы
Примечательная работа	Taqwim al-Buldan, Краткая история человечества
Дети	Аль-Афдал Муаммад

Istāīl bin iran maan mp3 скачать ^{[ 1 ]} ( Арабский : Исмаил бин Али бин Махмуд бин Мухаммед бин Омар бен Шаншах бин Аюб бин Шади бин Марван ), более известный как Абу аль-Фида, наш ( Абулфеда арабский: Абу аль-Фида ; ноябрь 1273-27 октября 1331 г.) ^{[ 2 ]} был географом Мамлук -Эра курдским , историком, принцем Айюбида и местным губернатором Хамы . ^{[ 3 ]}

Жизнь

Абул-Фида родился в Дамаске , ^{[ 4 ]} Где его отец Малик Уль-Афдал, брат Эмира аль-Мансура Мухаммеда II из Хамы , бежал из монголов . Абул-Фида был айюбидным принцем курдского происхождения. ^{[ 5 ]}

В детстве он посвятил себя изучению Корана и наук, но с двенадцатого года он почти постоянно занимался военными экспедициями, главным образом против крестоносцев . ^{[ 6 ]}

In 1285 he was present at the attack on a stronghold of the Knights of St. John, and took part in the sieges of Tripoli, Acre and Qal'at ar-Rum. In 1298 he entered the service of the Mamluk sultan Malik al-Nasir and after twelve years was invested by him with the governorship of Hama. In 1312 he became prince with the title Malik us-Salhn, and in 1320 received the hereditary rank of sultan with the title Malik ul-Mu'ayyad.^[6]

He died in 1331.^[6]

Works

Geography

Taqwim al-Buldan ("A Sketch of the Countries") is, like much of the history, founded on the works of his predecessors, including the works of Ptolemy and Muhammad al-Idrisi. A long introduction on various geographical matters is followed by twenty-eight sections dealing in tabular form with the chief towns of the world. After each name are given the longitude, latitude, climate, spelling, and then observations generally taken from earlier authors. Parts of the work were published and translated as early as 1650 in Europe.^[6] In his works Abu'l-Fida correctly mentions the latitude and longitude of the city of Quanzhou in China.^[7]

The book also contains the first known explanation of the circumnavigator's paradox. Abu'l-Fida wrote that a person who completed a westward circumnavigation of the world would count one fewer day than a stationary observer, since he was traveling in the same direction as the apparent motion of the sun in the sky. A person traveling eastward would count one more day than a stationary observer.^[8] This phenomenon was confirmed two centuries later, when the Magellan–Elcano expedition (1519–1522) completed the first circumnavigation. After sailing westward around the world from Spain, the expedition called at Cape Verde for supplies on Wednesday, 9 July 1522 (ship's time). However, the locals told them that it was actually Thursday, 10 July 1522.^[9]

History

His Concise History of Humanity (Arabic: المختصر في أخبار البشر Tarikh al-Mukhtasar fi Akhbar al-Bashar, also An Abridgment of the History at the Human Race, or History of Abu al-Fida تاريخ أبى الفداء) was written between 1315 and 1329 as a continuation of The Complete History by Ali ibn al-Athir (c. 1231). It is in the form of annals extending from the creation of the world to the year 1329.^[10]

It is divided into two parts, one covering the history of pre-Islamic Arabia and the other the history of Islam until 1329. It was kept up to date by other Arab historians, by Ibn al-Wardi until 1348, and by Ibn al-Shihna until 1403. It was translated into Latin,^[11] French and English and was the main work of Muslim historiography used by 18th-century orientalists including Jean Gagnier (1670–1740) and Johann Jakob Reiske (1754).

References

Citations

^ Encyclopaedia Islamica. 16 October 2015.
^ Gibbs (1986), p. 119
^ Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, (edited by) Helaine Selin, pp. 7–8, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1997 Identifiants et Référentiels Sudoc Pour L'Enseignement Supérieur et la Recherche – Abū al-Fidā (1273–1331) (in French)
^ Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 5
^ The Moslem World. Nile Mission Press. 1922. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Abulfeda". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
^ The Travels of Ibn Batūta: With Notes, Illustrative of the History, p. 211, at Google Books
^ Gunn, Geoffrey C. (15 October 2018). Overcoming Ptolemy: The Revelation of an Asian World Region. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. pp. 47–48. ISBN 9781498590143.
^ Winfree, Arthur T. (2001). The Geometry of Biological Time (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-4757-3484-3.
^ Helaine Selin, Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures (1997), p. 7.
^ Henricus Orthobius Fleischer, Abulfedae historia anteislamica, arabice: E duobus codicibus bibliothecae regiae Parisiensis, 101 et 615, F.C.W. Vogel (1831).

General sources

Gibb, H. A. R. (1986). "Abu'l Fidā". The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume 1: A-B. Leiden: Brill. pp. 118–119.
Studies on Abul-Fida' al-Ḥamawi (1273–1331 A.D.) by Farid Ibn Faghül, Carl Ehrig-Eggert, E. Neubauer. Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science (Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften) at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 1992.
Encyclopedie de l'Islam, 2nd ed. E.J. Brill, Leiden and G.P. Maisonneuve, Paris, 1960. (in French)

External links

Vernet, J. (2008) [1970–80]. "Abu'l-Fidāʾ Ismāʿīl Ibn ʿAlī Ibn Maḥmūd Ibn ... Ayyūb, ʿImād Al-Dīn". Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Encyclopedia.com.
Abulfedae содержит возвращение, теперь первый араб. ред., лат. Изменено, примечания иллюстрация. HF ... (1835)
Абул Фида Исмаил Ибн Хамви в биографическом словаре Салама
Табари
Ученые Хамы

[1] Encyclopaedia Islamica. 16 October 2015.

[2] Gibbs (1986), p. 119

[3] Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, (edited by) Helaine Selin, pp. 7–8, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1997 Identifiants et Référentiels Sudoc Pour L'Enseignement Supérieur et la Recherche – Abū al-Fidā (1273–1331) (in French)

[4] Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 5

[5] The Moslem World. Nile Mission Press. 1922. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

[EB1911-6] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Abulfeda". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 80.

[7] The Travels of Ibn Batūta: With Notes, Illustrative of the History, p. 211, at Google Books

[8] Gunn, Geoffrey C. (15 October 2018). Overcoming Ptolemy: The Revelation of an Asian World Region. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. pp. 47–48. ISBN 9781498590143.

[9] Winfree, Arthur T. (2001). The Geometry of Biological Time (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-4757-3484-3.

[10] Helaine Selin, Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures (1997), p. 7.

[11] Henricus Orthobius Fleischer, Abulfedae historia anteislamica, arabice: E duobus codicibus bibliothecae regiae Parisiensis, 101 et 615, F.C.W. Vogel (1831).

[ 1 ]

[ 2 ]

[ 3 ]

[ 4 ]

[ 5 ]

[ 6 ]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

v Т и Правители династии Айюбид
Sultans of Egypt (1171–1250)	Saladin al-Aziz Uthman al-Mansur Nasir al-Din al-Adil I al-Kamil al-Adil II as-Salih Ayyub al-Muazzam Turanshah Shajar al-Durr al-Ashraf Musa
Emirs of Damascus (1174–1260)	Saladin al-Afdal al-Adil I al-Mu'azzam Isa an-Nasir Dawud al-Ashraf Musa as-Salih Ismail as-Salih Ayyub al-Muazzam Turanshah an-Nasir Yusuf
Emirs of Aleppo (1177–1260)	az-Zahir Ghazi al-Aziz Muhammad Dayfa Khatun (regent) an-Nasir Yusuf
Emirs of Homs (1175–1262)	Asad ad-Din Shirkuh Muhammad ibn Shirkuh al-Mujahid al-Mansur Ibrahim al-Ashraf Musa
Emirs of Hama (1175–1341)	al-Muzaffar I Umar al-Mansur I Muhammad al-Nasir Kilij Arslan al-Muzaffar II Mahmud al-Mansur II Muhammad al-Muzaffar III Mahmud al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida al-Afdal Muhammad
Emirs of Diyar Bakr (1180–1260)	al-Awhad Ayyub al-Ashraf Musa al-Muzaffar Ghazi al-Kamil Muhammad
Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz (1173–1228)	Turan-Shah Tughtakin ibn Ayyub al-Muizz Ismail an-Nasir Ayyub al-Muzaffar Sulaiman al-Mas'ud Yusuf
Emirs of Baalbek (1175–1260)	Ibn al-Muqaddam Turan-Shah Farrukhshah Bahramshah al-Ashraf Musa as-Salih Ismail as-Salih Ayyub Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi an-Nasir Yusuf

Базы данных управления авторитетом
International	ISNI VIAF FAST
National	Germany United States France BnF data Italy Australia Czech Republic Spain Portugal Netherlands Norway Greece Sweden Poland Vatican Israel Belgium
Academics	CiNii
People	Trove Deutsche Biographie
Other	IdRef İslâm Ansiklopedisi