La Brabançonne

La Brabançonne
English: The Brabantian
	Cover of a score of the Brabançonne, dated around 1910
	National anthem of Belgium
Lyrics	Alexandre Dechet and Constantin Rodenbach (original version, 1830); Charles Rogier (current version, 1860)
Music	François van Campenhout, September 1830
Adopted	1860, current text in 1921
Audio sample
	Duration: 1 minute and 4 seconds.1:04 U.S. Navy Band instrumental version file; help;

"La Brabançonne" (French: [la bʁabɑ̃sɔn] (La Brabançonne); Dutch: "De Brabançonne"; German: "Das Lied von Brabant") is the national anthem of Belgium. The originally French title refers to the Duchy of Brabant; the name is usually untranslated in Belgium's other two official languages, Dutch and German.^[a]

History

According to legend, the Belgian national anthem was written in September 1830, during the Belgian Revolution, by a young revolutionary called "Jenneval", who read the lyrics during a meeting at the Aigle d'Or café.

Jenneval, a Frenchman whose real name was Alexandre Dechet (sometimes known as Louis-Alexandre Dechet), wrote the Brabançonne. At the time, he was an actor at the theatre where, in August 1830, the revolution started, which led to independence from the Netherlands. Jenneval died in the war of independence. François van Campenhout composed the accompanying score, based on the tune of a French song called "L'Air des lanciers polonais" ("the tune of the Polish Lancers"), written by the French poet Eugène de Pradel, whose tune was itself an adaptation of the tune of a song, "L'Air du magistrat irréprochable", found in a popular collection of drinking songs called La Clé du caveau (The Key to the cellar)^[1]^[2] and it was first performed in September 1830.

In 1860, Belgium formally adopted the song and music as its national anthem, although the then prime minister, Charles Rogier edited out lyrics attacking the Dutch House of Orange, inspired by the version written by Louis Hymans.^[3]

The Brabançonne is also a monument (1930) by the sculptor Charles Samuel on the Surlet de Chokier square in Brussels. The monument contains partial lyrics of both the French and Dutch versions of the anthem. Like many elements in Belgian folklore, this is mainly based on the French "La Marseillaise" which is also both an anthem and the name of a monument – the sculptural group Departure of the Volunteers of 1792, commonly called La Marseillaise, at the base of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.

Lyrics

1830 original lyrics

First version (August 1830)

Dignes enfants de la Belgique
Qu'un beau délire a soulevé,
À votre élan patriotique
De grand succès sont réservés.
Restons armés que rien ne change !
Gardons la même volonté,
Et nous verrons refleurir l'Orange
Sur l'arbre de la Liberté

Aux cris de meurtre et de pillage,
Des méchants s'étaient rassemblés,
Mais votre énergique courage
Loin de vous les a refoulés.
Maintenant, purs de cette fange
Qui flétrissait votre cité,
Amis, il faut greffer l'Orange
Sur l'arbre de la Liberté.

Et toi, dans qui ton peuple espère,
Nassau, consacre enfin nos droits ;
Des Belges en restant le père
Tu seras l'exemple des rois.
Abjure un ministre étrange,
Rejette un nom trop détesté,
Et tu verras mûrir l'Orange
Sur l'arbre de la Liberté.

Mais malheur, si, de l'arbitraire
Protégeant les affreux projets,
Sur nous du canon sanguinaire,
Tu venais lancer les boulets !
Alors tout est fini, tout change,
Plus de pacte, plus de traité,
Et tu verras tomber l'Orange
De l'arbre de la Liberté.

Worthy children of the Low Countries^[b]
Whom a fine passion has aroused,
To your patriotic fervour
Great successes lie in store.
Remain under arms, so that naught shall change!
Let us keep to the same will,
And we shall see Orange bloom anew
Upon the tree of Liberty.^[c]

To cries of murder and pillage,
The wicked had rallied around,
But your forceful courage
Has pushed them far away.
Now, pure of this filth
That was soiling your city,
Friends, we must graft Orange
Onto the tree of Liberty.

And you, in whom your people place their hopes,
Nassau, set firm our rights at last;
Remaining the father of the Belgians,
You'll be the example of kings.
Forswear a foreign minister,
Reject a too hated name,
And you will see Orange ripen
Upon the tree of Liberty.

But woe to you if, wilfully,
Pursuing dreadful plans,
You turn on us
The bloody cannon's fire!
Then all is over, all is changing;
No more pact, no more treaty,
And you shall see Orange fall
From the tree of Liberty.

Second version (September 1830)

Qui l'aurait cru ? ...de l'arbitraire
Consacrant les affreux projets,
Sur nous de l'airain militaire
Un prince a lancé les boulets.
C'en est fait ! Oui, Belges, tout change,
Avec Nassau plus d'indigne traité !
La mitraille a brisé l'Orange
Sur l'arbre de la Liberté.

Trop généreuse en sa colère,
La Belgique, vengeant ses droits,
D'un roi, qu'elle appelait son père,
N'implorait que de justes lois.
Mais lui dans sa fureur étrange,
Par le canon que son fils a pointé,
Au sang belge a noyé l'Orange
Sous l'arbre de la Liberté.

Fiers brabançons, peuples de braves,
Qu'on voit combattre sans fléchir,
Du sceptre honteux des Bataves,
Tes balles sauront t'affranchir.
Sur Bruxelles, au pied de l'archange,
Ton saint drapeau pour jamais est planté,
Et, fier de verdir sans l'Orange,
Croît l'arbre de la Liberté.

Et vous, objets de nobles larmes,
Braves, morts au feu des cannons,
Avant que la patrie en armes
Ait pu connaître au moins vos noms,
Sous l'humble terre où l'on vous range,
Dormez, martyrs, bataillon indompté !
Dormez en paix, loin de l'Orange,
Sous l'arbre de la Liberté.

Who could have believed it? ... wilfully
Pursuing dreadful plans,
On us, with cannon's brass,
A prince has opened fire.
It has been done! Yes, Belgians, all is changing;
No more unworthy treaty with Nassau!
Grapeshot has shattered Orange
Upon the tree of Liberty.

Too generous in her anger,
Belgium, avenging her rights,
From a king, whom she called her father,
Sought no more than just laws.
But he, in his unexpected fury,
By the cannon aimed by his son
Has drowned Orange in Belgian blood
Beneath the tree of Liberty.

O proud, brave people of Brabant,
Seen not to flinch amid the fight,
From the Batavians' shameful sceptre
Your bullets will set you free.
On Brussels, together with the archangel^[d]
Your holy flag is planted for ever;
And, proud to grow green without Orange,
Grows higher the tree of Liberty.

And you, objects of noble tears,
The brave, who died under cannon fire,
Before the Fatherland, under arms,
Could know at least your names,
Beneath the humble earth where you are laid,
Sleep, martyrs, unbroken battalion!
Sleep in peace, far from Orange,
Beneath the tree of Liberty.

Third version (1860)

Après des siècles et des siècles d'esclavage,
Le Belge sortant du tombeau
A reconquis par sa force et son courage
Son nom, ses droits et son drapeau.
Et ta main souveraine et fière,
Désormais, peuple indompté,
Grava sur ta vieille bannière :
Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !
Grava sur ta vieille bannière :
Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !

Marche de ton pas énergique,
Marche de progrès en progrès ;
Dieu qui protège la Belgique,
Sourit à tes mâles succès.
Travaillons, notre labeur donne
À nos champs la fécondité !
Et la splendeur des arts couronne
Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !
Et la splendeur des arts couronne
Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !

Ouvrons nos rangs à d'anciens frères,
De nous trop longtemps désunis ;
Belges, Bataves, plus de guerres.
Les peuples libres sont amis.
À jamais resserrons ensemble
Les liens de fraternité
Et qu'un même cri nous rassemble :
Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !
Et qu'un même cri nous rassemble :
Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !

Ô Belgique, ô mère chérie,
À toi nos cœurs, à toi nos bras !
À toi notre sang, ô Patrie !
Nous le jurons tous tu vivras !
Tu vivras toujours grande et belle
Et ton invincible unité
Aura pour devise immortelle :
Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !
Aura pour devise immortelle :
Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !

After century on century in slavery,
The Belgian, arising from the tomb,
Has reconquered through his strength and courage
His name, his rights and his flag.
And now, undaunted people,
Your hand, sovereign and proud,
Has inscribed on your ancient banner:
The King, and Law, and Liberty!
Inscribed on your ancient banner:
The King, and Law, and Liberty!

March with your energetic step,
March with progress and progress;
God who protects Belgium,
Smile to you manly successes.
Let us work, our labor gives
to our fields fertility!
And the splendour of the arts coronate
The King, and Law, and Liberty!
And the splendour of the arts coronate
The King, and Law, and Liberty!

Let us open our ranks to old brothers,
Of us disunited for too long;
Belgians, Batavians, no more wars.
Free peoples are your friends.
Forever, let us tighten together
The links of fraternity
And that a single cry rally us
The King, and Law, and Liberty!
And that a single cry rally us
The King, and Law, and Liberty!

Noble Belgium, O dear mother
To you our hearts, to you our arms,
To you our blood, O Fatherland!
We all swear, you shall live!
You shall always live great and beautiful,
And your invincible unity
Shall have as an immortal motto:
The King, the Law, Liberty!
Shall have as an immortal motto:
The King, the Law, Liberty!

Current version

Various committees were charged with reviewing the text and tune of the Brabançonne and establishing an official version. A ministerial circular of the Ministry of the Interior on 8 August 1921 decreed that only the fourth verse of the text by Charles Rogier should be considered official for all three, French, German and in Dutch. Here below:

French (La Brabançonne)	IPA transcription^[e]	English translation
Duration: 1 minute and 5 seconds. Noble Belgique, ô mère chérie, À toi nos cœurs, à toi nos bras, À toi notre sang, ô Patrie ! Nous le jurons tous, tu vivras ! Tu vivras toujours grande et belle Et ton invincible unité 𝄆 Aura pour devise immortelle : Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté ! 𝄇 𝄆 Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté ! 𝄇	[nɔ.blœ bɛl.ʒi.kœ \| o mɛ.ʁø ʃe.ʁi.œ] [a twa no kœʁ \| a twa no bʁa] [a twa nɔ.tʁœ sɑ̃ \| o pa.tʁi.œ ǁ] [nu lø ʒy.ʁɔ̃ tus \| ty vi.vʁa ǁ] [ty vi.vʁa tu.ʒuʁ ɡʁɑ̃d‿e bɛ.lœ] [e tɔ̃ ɛ̃.vɛ̃.sibl‿y.ni.te] 𝄆 [o.ʁa puʁ dø.vi.z(ø)(‿)i.mɔʁ.tɛ.lœ \|] [lø ʁwa \| la lwa \| la li.bɛʁ.te ǁ] 𝄇 𝄆 [lø ʁwa \| la lwa \| la li.bɛʁ.te ǁ] 𝄇	Noble Belgium, O dear mother To you our hearts, to you our arms, To you our blood, O Fatherland! We all swear, you shall live! You shall always live great and beautiful, And your invincible unity 𝄆 Shall have as an immortal motto: The King, the Law, Liberty! 𝄇 𝄆 The King, the Law, Liberty! 𝄇
Dutch (De Brabançonne)	IPA transcription^[f]	English translation
Duration: 1 minute and 4 seconds. O dierbaar België, O heilig land der Vaad'ren, Onze ziel en ons hart zijn u gewijd. Aanvaard ons kracht en het bloed van onze ad'ren, Wees ons doel in arbeid en in strijd. Bloei, o land, in eendracht niet te breken; Wees immer uzelf en ongeknecht, 𝄆 Het woord getrouw, dat g' onbevreesd moogt spreken, Voor Vorst, voor Vrijheid en voor Recht! 𝄇 𝄆 Voor Vorst, voor Vrijheid en voor Recht! 𝄇	[oː(w) ˈdiːr.baːr ˈbɛɫ.ɣ(i)jø̜ \| oː(w) ˈɦɛi̯.ləx lɑn‿dɛr ˈvaː.drən \|] [ˈɔn.zø̜ ziɫ ɛn ɔns ɦɑrt zɛi̯n y ɣø̜.ˈʋɛi̯t ǁ] [aːn.ˈvaːrt ɔns krɑxt ɛn ɦø̜t blut vɑn ˈɔn.zø̜ ˈaː.drən \|] [ʋeː(i̯)s ɔns dul ɪn ˈɑr.bɛi̯t ɛn ɪn strɛi̯t ǁ] [blui̯ \| oː(w) lɑnt \| ɪn ˈeː(i̯)n.drɑxt nit tø̜ ˈbreː(i̯).kən \|] [ʋeː(i̯)s ˈɪ.mø̜r y.ˈzɛɫf ɛn ˌɔn.ɣø̜.ˈknɛxt \|] 𝄆 [ɦət ʋoːrt ɣø̜.ˈtrɑu \| dɑt ɣ(ø̜)(‿)ɔn.bø̜.ˈvreː(i̯)st moː(w)xt ˈspreː(i̯).kən \|] [voːr vɔrst \| voːr ˈvrɛi.ɦɛi̯t ɛn voːr rɛxt ǁ] 𝄇 𝄆 [voːr vɔrst \| voːr ˈvrɛi.ɦɛi̯t ɛn voːr rɛxt ǁ] 𝄇	O dear Belgium, O holy land of the fathers, Our soul and our heart are devoted to you. Accept our strength and the blood in our veins, Be our goal in labour and in strife. Prosper, O land, in unbreakable unity; Always be yourself and unenslaved, 𝄆 Faithful to the word that you may speak fearlessly, For King, for Freedom and for Justice! 𝄇 For King, for Freedom and for Justice! 𝄇
German (Die Brabançonne)	IPA transcription^[g]	English translation
O liebes Land, o Belgiens Erde, Dir unser Herz, Dir unsere Hand, Dir unser Blut, o Heimaterde, wir schwören's Dir, o Vaterland! So blühe froh in voller Schöne, zu der die Freiheit Dich erzog, 𝄆 und fortan singen Deine Söhne: Gesetz und König und die Freiheit hoch! 𝄇 𝄆 Gesetz und König und die Freiheit hoch! 𝄇	[oː ˈliː.bəs lant \| oː ˈbɛl.ɡi̯əns ˈʔeːɐ̯.də \|] [diːɐ̯ ˈʔʊn.zɐ hɛɐ̯t͡s \| diːɐ̯ ˈʔʊn.zʁə hant \| ] [diːɐ̯ ˈʔʊn.zɐ bluːt \| oː ˈhaɪ̯.ma(ː)t.ʔeːɐ̯.də \|] [viːɐ̯ ˈʃvøː.ʁəns diːɐ̯ \| oː ˈfaː.tɐˌlant ǁ] [zoː ˈblyː.ə fʁoː ʔɪn ˈfɔ.lɐ ˈʃøː.nə \|] [t͡suː deːɐ̯ diː ˈfʁaɪ̯.haɪ̯t dɪç ʔɛɐ̯.ˈt͡soːk \|] 𝄆 [ʔʊnt fɔʁt.ˈʔan ˈzɪŋ.ən ˈdaɪ̯.nə ˈzøː.nə \|] [ɡə.ˈzɛts ʊnt ˈkøː.nɪç ʔʊn‿diː ˈfʁaɪ̯.haɪ̯t hoːx ǁ] 𝄇 𝄆 [ɡə.ˈzɛts ʊnt ˈkøː.nɪç ʔʊn‿diː ˈfʁaɪ̯.haɪ̯t hoːx ǁ] 𝄇	O dear country, O Belgium's soil; To you our heart, to you our hand, To you our blood, O homeland, We swear it to you, O fatherland! So bloom happily in full beauty, To which freedom has raised you, 𝄆 And henceforth your sons sing: Law and King and Freedom high! 𝄇 𝄆 Law and King and Freedom high! 𝄇

Modern short trilingual version

In recent years, an unofficial short version of the anthem is sung during Belgian National Day on 21 July each year, combining the words of the anthem in all three of Belgium's official languages, similar to the bilingual version of "O Canada".^[4] The lyrics are from the 4th verse of the anthem.

Language	No.	Line	IPA transcription^[e]^[f]^[g]	Translation
Dutch	1	O dierbaar België, O heilig land der Vaad'ren,	[oː(w) ˈdiːr.baːr ˈbɛɫ.ɣ(i)jø̜ \| oː(w) ˈɦɛi̯.ləx lɑn‿dɛr ˈvaː.drən \|]	O dear Belgium, O holy land of the fathers –
Dutch	2	Onze ziel en ons hart zijn u gewijd.	[ˈɔn.zø̜ ziɫ ɛn ɔns ɦɑrt zɛi̯n y ɣø̜.ˈʋɛi̯t ǁ]	Our soul and our heart are devoted to you!
French	3	À toi notre sang, ô Patrie !	[a twa nɔ.tʁœ sɑ̃ \| o pa.tʁi.œ ǁ]	With blood to spill for you, O fatherland!
French	4	Nous le jurons tous, tu vivras !	[nu lø ʒy.ʁɔ̃ tus \| ty vi.vʁa ǁ]	We swear with one cry – You shall live!
German	5	So blühe froh in voller Schöne,	[zoː ˈblyː.ə fʁoː ʔɪn ˈfɔ.lɐ ˈʃøː.nə \|]	So gladly bloom in beauty full,
	6	zu der die Freiheit Dich erzog,	[t͡suː deːɐ̯ diː ˈfʁaɪ̯.haɪ̯t dɪç ʔɛɐ̯.ˈt͡soːk \|]	Into what freedom has taught you to be,
	7	und fortan singen Deine Söhne:	[ʔʊnt fɔʁt.ˈʔan ˈzɪŋ.ən ˈdaɪ̯.nə ˈzøː.nə \|]	And evermore shall sing your sons:
French	8	Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !	[lø ʁwa \| la lwa \| la li.bɛʁ.te ǁ]	The King, the Law, the Liberty!
Dutch	9	Het woord getrouw, dat g' onbevreesd moogt spreken,	[ɦət ʋoːrt ɣø̜.ˈtrɑu \| dɑt ɣ‿ɔn.bø̜.ˈvreː(i̯)st moː(w)xt ˈspreː(i̯).kən \|]	Faithful to the word that you may speak boldly,
Dutch	10	Voor Vorst, voor Vrijheid en voor Recht!	[voːr vɔrst \| voːr ˈvrɛi.ɦɛi̯t ɛn voːr rɛxt ǁ]	For King, for Freedom and for Law!
German	11	Gesetz und König und die Freiheit hoch!	[ɡə.ˈzɛts ʊnt ˈkøː.nɪç ʔʊn‿diː ˈfʁaɪ̯.haɪ̯t hoːx ǁ]	To Law and King and Freedom, hail!
French	12	Le Roi, la Loi, la Liberté !	[lø ʁwa \| la lwa \| la li.bɛʁ.te ǁ]	The King, the Law, the Liberty!

Notes

^ In English, one may refer to Brabant by the adjectives Brabantine or Brabantian, but only the latter term is (nearly) as general as French Brabançon^fr, which can also be a substantive for e.g. the dialect, a man, or a horse or its breed from Brabant. In French, Brabançonne is the feminine gender of adjective Brabançon and matches the preceding definite article la, thus might fit an implied e.g. chanson, ('song') (cf. the official name of the French hymn: "la Marseillaise", "(song) having to do with the city of Marseille"). But neither the female definite article in German die Brabançonne^de nor the male den Brabançonne in Brabantian or Brabantine dialects of Dutch can fit 'song', which is Lied in German and lied in Dutch, both of neutre genus. In today's standard Dutch, de Brabançonne^nl does not betray whether the gender is male or female, but cannot be used for a neuter substantive either, and referring to de Brabançonne by hij confirms the male interpretation of Dutch dialects. For the anthem name in English, as in Dutch, German, and of course French, Brabançonne can be considered a proper noun.
^ The Belgian Revolution was not originally separatist, but was a movement for further liberalization of the Netherlands and more rights for French language. The name of "Belgium/Belgia/Belgique" at this time is poetic Latin name of Netherlands and official name of Netherlands in French language.
^ At this time was popular symbol of the French Revolution.
^ St. Michael the Archangel, a patron saint of Brussels. The image seems to be of the Belgian flag flying from the towers of the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, Brussels.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b See Help:IPA/French and French phonology.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b See Help:IPA/Dutch and Dutch phonology.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b See Help:IPA/German and German phonology.

References

^ "Courrier des Pays-Bas: La Brabançonne". Retrieved 3 April 2013.
^ Francis Martens, La Belgique en chantant, pp. 19–40, in Antoine Pickels and Jacques Sojcher (eds.), Belgique: toujours grande et belle, issues 1–2, Éditions Complexe, Brussels, 1998
^ "Salomon Louis Hymans et la Brabançonne". IEJ (in French). 25 October 2019.
^ Ian Berwick (14 October 2015). "National Anthem: Belgium - Brabançonne [Trilingual]". YouTube. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

External links

Belgium: La Brabançonne – Audio of the national anthem of Belgium, with information and lyrics (archive link)
Les Arquebusiers History, versions (text and audio) and illustrations
Belgium National Anthem instrumental File MIDI (5ko)
Belgium National Anthem instrumental (better) File AU (570ko)
"La Brabançonne" on YouTube; Helmut Lotti, in French, Dutch and German, before King Albert II

[1] In English, one may refer to Brabant by the adjectives Brabantine or Brabantian, but only the latter term is (nearly) as general as French Brabançon^fr, which can also be a substantive for e.g. the dialect, a man, or a horse or its breed from Brabant. In French, Brabançonne is the feminine gender of adjective Brabançon and matches the preceding definite article la, thus might fit an implied e.g. chanson, ('song') (cf. the official name of the French hymn: "la Marseillaise", "(song) having to do with the city of Marseille"). But neither the female definite article in German die Brabançonne^de nor the male den Brabançonne in Brabantian or Brabantine dialects of Dutch can fit 'song', which is Lied in German and lied in Dutch, both of neutre genus. In today's standard Dutch, de Brabançonne^nl does not betray whether the gender is male or female, but cannot be used for a neuter substantive either, and referring to de Brabançonne by hij confirms the male interpretation of Dutch dialects. For the anthem name in English, as in Dutch, German, and of course French, Brabançonne can be considered a proper noun.

[5] The Belgian Revolution was not originally separatist, but was a movement for further liberalization of the Netherlands and more rights for French language. The name of "Belgium/Belgia/Belgique" at this time is poetic Latin name of Netherlands and official name of Netherlands in French language.

[6] At this time was popular symbol of the French Revolution.

[7] St. Michael the Archangel, a patron saint of Brussels. The image seems to be of the Belgian flag flying from the towers of the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, Brussels.

[French-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b See Help:IPA/French and French phonology.

[Dutch-9] Jump up to: ^a ^b See Help:IPA/Dutch and Dutch phonology.

[German-10] Jump up to: ^a ^b See Help:IPA/German and German phonology.

[2] "Courrier des Pays-Bas: La Brabançonne". Retrieved 3 April 2013.

[3] Francis Martens, La Belgique en chantant, pp. 19–40, in Antoine Pickels and Jacques Sojcher (eds.), Belgique: toujours grande et belle, issues 1–2, Éditions Complexe, Brussels, 1998

[4] "Salomon Louis Hymans et la Brabançonne". IEJ (in French). 25 October 2019.

[11] Ian Berwick (14 October 2015). "National Anthem: Belgium - Brabançonne [Trilingual]". YouTube. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

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v t e Belgian Revolution and the independence of Belgium (1830–1839)
Belgian Revolution	Belgian Revolution Rattachism Orangism La muette de Portici (August 1830) La Brabançonne (August 1830) Provisional Government of Belgium (September 1830 – February 1831) National Congress of Belgium (November 1830) Constitution of Belgium (February 1831)
First Belgian monarchs	Érasme, Baron Surlet de Chokier (Regent; February 1831 – July 1831) Leopold I (King of the Belgians; July 1831 – December 1865)
Important figures	Charles Niellon Alexandre Dechet (Jenneval) Frédéric de Mérode Juan Van Halen (see also List of members of the National Congress)
Provisional Government	Alexandre Gendebien André Jolly Charles Rogier Louis de Potter Sylvain Van de Weyer Feuillien de Coppin Félix de Mérode Joseph Vanderlinden Emmanuel Van der Linden d'Hooghvorst
de Gerlache Government	Étienne Constantin de Gerlache Charles de Brouckère Alexandre Gendebien Albert Goblet d'Alviella Sylvain Van de Weyer
Lebeau I Government	Joseph Lebeau Étienne de Sauvage Charles de Brouckère Paul Devaux
United Kingdom of the Netherlands	King William I Prince William Ten Days' Campaign (August 1831) Siege of Antwerp (1832)
Treaties	London Conference of 1830 Treaty of the Eighteen Articles (1831) Treaty of London (1839) Treaty of Maastricht (1843) Iron Rhine Treaty (1873)
Monuments and honours	Monument to the Martyrs of the 1830 Revolution Congress Column Civic Guard Merit Medal 1830 Star of Honour Iron Cross 1830 Volunteers' Commemorative Cross

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Germany United States
Other	MusicBrainz work